#_*_coding:utf-8_*_
from django.db import models

# Create your models here.
from django.core.exceptions import ValidationError

from django.db import models
from django.contrib.auth.models import User

class_type_choices= ((‘online‘,u‘网络班‘),
                     (‘offline_weekend‘,u‘面授班(周末)‘,),
                     (‘offline_fulltime‘,u‘面授班(脱产)‘,),
                     )
class UserProfile(models.Model):
    user = models.OneToOneField(User)
    name = models.CharField(u"姓名",max_length=32)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name


class School(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u"校区名称",max_length=64,unique=True)
    addr = models.CharField(u"地址",max_length=128)
    staffs = models.ManyToManyField(‘UserProfile‘,blank=True)
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name


class Course(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(u"课程名称",max_length=128,unique=True)
    price = models.IntegerField(u"面授价格")
    online_price = models.IntegerField(u"网络班价格")
    brief = models.TextField(u"课程简介")
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name


class ClassList(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(‘Course‘)
    course_type = models.CharField(u"课程类型",choices=class_type_choices,max_length=32)
    semester = models.IntegerField(u"学期")
    start_date = models.DateField(u"开班日期")
    graduate_date = models.DateField(u"结业日期",blank=True,null=True)
    teachers = models.ManyToManyField(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"讲师")


    #def __unicode__(self):
    #    return "%s(%s)" %(self.course.name,self.course_type)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u‘班级列表‘
        verbose_name_plural = u"班级列表"
        unique_together = ("course","course_type","semester")


class Customer(models.Model):
    qq = models.CharField(u"QQ号",max_length=64,unique=True)
    name = models.CharField(u"姓名",max_length=32,blank=True,null=True)
    phone = models.BigIntegerField(u‘手机号‘,blank=True,null=True)
    stu_id = models.CharField(u"学号",blank=True,null=True,max_length=64)
    #id = models.CharField(u"身份证号",blank=True,null=True,max_length=128)
    source_type = ((‘qq‘,u"qq群"),
                   (‘referral‘,u"内部转介绍"),
                   (‘51cto‘,u"51cto"),
                   (‘agent‘,u"招生代理"),
                   (‘others‘,u"其它"),
                   )
    source = models.CharField(u‘客户来源‘,max_length=64, choices=source_type,default=‘qq‘)
    referral_from = models.ForeignKey(‘self‘,verbose_name=u"转介绍自学员",help_text=u"若此客户是转介绍自内部学员,请在此处选择内部学员姓名",blank=True,null=True,related_name="internal_referral")

    course = models.ForeignKey(Course,verbose_name=u"咨询课程")
    class_type = models.CharField(u"班级类型",max_length=64,choices=class_type_choices)
    customer_note = models.TextField(u"客户咨询内容详情",help_text=u"客户咨询的大概情况,客户个人信息备注等...")
    status_choices = ((‘signed‘,u"已报名"),
                      (‘unregistered‘,u"未报名"),
                      (‘graduated‘,u"已毕业"),
                      )

    status = models.CharField(u"状态",choices=status_choices,max_length=64,default=u"unregistered",help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态")
    consultant = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"课程顾问")
    date = models.DateField(u"咨询日期",auto_now_add=True)

    class_list = models.ManyToManyField(‘ClassList‘,verbose_name=u"已报班级",blank=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return "%s,%s" %(self.qq,self.name )



class ConsultRecord(models.Model):
    customer = models.ForeignKey(Customer,verbose_name=u"所咨询客户")
    note = models.TextField(u"跟进内容...")
    status_choices = ((1,u"近期无报名计划"),
                      (2,u"2个月内报名"),
                      (3,u"1个月内报名"),
                      (4,u"2周内报名"),
                      (5,u"1周内报名"),
                      (6,u"2天内报名"),
                      (7,u"已报名"),
                      )
    status = models.IntegerField(u"状态",choices=status_choices,help_text=u"选择客户此时的状态")

    consultant = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"跟踪人")
    date = models.DateField(u"跟进日期",auto_now_add=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s, %s" %(self.customer,self.status)

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u‘客户咨询跟进记录‘
        verbose_name_plural = u"客户咨询跟进记录"



class CourseRecord(models.Model):
    course = models.ForeignKey(ClassList,verbose_name=u"班级(课程)")
    day_num = models.IntegerField(u"节次",help_text=u"此处填写第几节课或第几天课程...,必须为数字")
    date = models.DateField(auto_now_add=True,verbose_name=u"上课日期")
    teacher = models.ForeignKey(UserProfile,verbose_name=u"讲师")
    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s 第%s天" %(self.course,self.day_num)
    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u‘上课纪录‘
        verbose_name_plural = u"上课纪录"
        unique_together = (‘course‘,‘day_num‘)


class StudyRecord(models.Model):
    course_record = models.ForeignKey(CourseRecord, verbose_name=u"第几天课程")
    student = models.ForeignKey(Customer,verbose_name=u"学员")
    record_choices = ((‘checked‘, u"已签到"),
                      (‘late‘,u"迟到"),
                      (‘noshow‘,u"缺勤"),
                      (‘leave_early‘,u"早退"),
                      )
    record = models.CharField(u"上课纪录",choices=record_choices,default="checked",max_length=64)
    score_choices = ((100, ‘A+‘),
                     (90,‘A‘),
                     (85,‘B+‘),
                     (80,‘B‘),
                     (70,‘B-‘),
                     (60,‘C+‘),
                     (50,‘C‘),
                     (40,‘C-‘),
                     (0,‘D‘),
                     (-1,‘N/A‘),
                     (-100,‘COPY‘),
                     (-1000,‘FAIL‘),
                     )
    score = models.IntegerField(u"本节成绩",choices=score_choices,default=-1)
    date = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
    note = models.CharField(u"备注",max_length=255,blank=True,null=True)

    def __unicode__(self):
        return u"%s,学员:%s,纪录:%s, 成绩:%s" %(self.course_record,self.student.name,self.record,self.get_score_display())

    class Meta:
        verbose_name = u‘学员学习纪录‘
        verbose_name_plural = u"学员学习纪录"
        unique_together = (‘course_record‘,‘student‘)

 1 from django.db import models
 2 
 3 class Blog(models.Model):
 4     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 5     tagline = models.TextField()
 6 
 7     def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
 8         return self.name
 9 
10 class Author(models.Model):
11     name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
12     email = models.EmailField()
13 
14     def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
15         return self.name
16 
17 class Entry(models.Model):
18     blog = models.ForeignKey(Blog)
19     headline = models.CharField(max_length=255)
20     body_text = models.TextField()
21     pub_date = models.DateField()
22     mod_date = models.DateField()
23     authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
24     n_comments = models.IntegerField()
25     n_pingbacks = models.IntegerField()
26     rating = models.IntegerField()
27 
28     def __str__(self):              # __unicode__ on Python 2
29         return self.headline

 1 all_entries = Entry.objects.all() #查询所有
 2 Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__year=2006) #查询所有pub_date为2006年的纪录
 3 Entry.objects.all().filter(pub_date__year=2006) #与上面那句一样
 4 >>> Entry.objects.filter(   #链式查询
 5 ...     headline__startswith=‘What‘
 6 ... ).exclude(
 7 ...     pub_date__gte=datetime.date.today()
 8 ... ).filter(
 9 ...     pub_date__gte=datetime(2005, 1, 30)
10 ... )
11 
12 one_entry = Entry.objects.get(pk=1) #单条查询
13 
14 Entry.objects.all()[:5] #查询前5条
15 Entry.objects.all()[5:10] #你猜
16 
17 Entry.objects.order_by(‘headline‘)[0] #按headline排序取第一条
18 
19 Entry.objects.filter(pub_date__lte=‘2006-01-01‘) #相当于sql语句SELECT * FROM blog_entry WHERE pub_date <= ‘2006-01-01‘;
20 
21 Entry.objects.get(headline__exact="Cat bites dog") #相当于SELECT ... WHERE headline = ‘Cat bites dog‘;
22 Blog.objects.get(name__iexact="beatles blog") #与上面相同,只是大小写不敏感
23 
24 Entry.objects.get(headline__contains=‘Lennon‘) #相当 于SELECT ... WHERE headline LIKE ‘%Lennon%‘;

#This example retrieves all Entry objects with a Blog whose name is ‘Beatles Blog‘:
Entry.objects.filter(blog__name=‘Beatles Blog‘)

Blog.objects.filter(entry__headline__contains=‘Lennon‘)

Caching and QuerySets

Each QuerySet contains a cache to minimize database access. Understanding how it works will allow you to write the most efficient code.

In a newly created QuerySet, the cache is empty. The first time a QuerySet is evaluated – and, hence, a database query happens – Django saves the query results in the QuerySet’s cache and returns the results that have been explicitly requested (e.g., the next element, if the QuerySet is being iterated over). Subsequent evaluations of the QuerySet reuse the cached results.

Keep this caching behavior in mind, because it may bite you if you don’t use your QuerySets correctly. For example, the following will create two QuerySets, evaluate them, and throw them away:

That means the same database query will be executed twice, effectively doubling your database load. Also, there’s a possibility the two lists may not include the same database records, because an Entry may have been added or deleted in the split second between the two requests.

To avoid this problem, simply save the QuerySet and reuse it:

SELECT * from polls WHERE question LIKE ‘Who%‘
    AND (pub_date = ‘2005-05-02‘ OR pub_date = ‘2005-05-06‘)

更新　

Updating multiple objects at once

在原有数据的基础上批量自增

Calls to update can also use F expressions to update one field based on the value of another field in the model. This is especially useful for incrementing counters based upon their current value. For example, to increment the pingback count for every entry in the blog:

However, unlike F() objects in filter and exclude clauses, you can’t introduce joins when you use F() objects in an update – you can only reference fields local to the model being updated. If you attempt to introduce a join with an F() object, a FieldErrorwill be raised:

Aggregation（聚合）

 1 from django.db import models
 2 
 3 class Author(models.Model):
 4     name = models.CharField(max_length=100)
 5     age = models.IntegerField()
 6 
 7 class Publisher(models.Model):
 8     name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
 9     num_awards = models.IntegerField()
10 
11 class Book(models.Model):
12     name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
13     pages = models.IntegerField()
14     price = models.DecimalField(max_digits=10, decimal_places=2)
15     rating = models.FloatField()
16     authors = models.ManyToManyField(Author)
17     publisher = models.ForeignKey(Publisher)
18     pubdate = models.DateField()
19 
20 class Store(models.Model):
21     name = models.CharField(max_length=300)
22     books = models.ManyToManyField(Book)
23     registered_users = models.PositiveIntegerField()

# Total number of books.
>>> Book.objects.count()
2452

# Total number of books with publisher=BaloneyPress
>>> Book.objects.filter(publisher__name=‘BaloneyPress‘).count()
73

# Average price across all books.
>>> from django.db.models import Avg
>>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Avg(‘price‘))
{‘price__avg‘: 34.35}

# Max price across all books.
>>> from django.db.models import Max
>>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(Max(‘price‘))
{‘price__max‘: Decimal(‘81.20‘)}

# Cost per page
>>> Book.objects.all().aggregate(
...    price_per_page=Sum(F(‘price‘)/F(‘pages‘), output_field=FloatField()))
{‘price_per_page‘: 0.4470664529184653}

# All the following queries involve traversing the Book<->Publisher
# foreign key relationship backwards.

# Each publisher, each with a count of books as a "num_books" attribute.
>>> from django.db.models import Count
>>> pubs = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count(‘book‘))
>>> pubs
[<Publisher BaloneyPress>, <Publisher SalamiPress>, ...]
>>> pubs[0].num_books
73

# The top 5 publishers, in order by number of books.
>>> pubs = Publisher.objects.annotate(num_books=Count(‘book‘)).order_by(‘-num_books‘)[:5]
>>> pubs[0].num_books
1323

更多聚合查询例子:https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.9/topics/db/aggregation/ 

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