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一个糟糕的表设计

修改过一个比较糟糕的表设计,整个表没有主键,没有唯一字段,还存在存合同的大字段。

估计是上线时表结构已经定型,没有整合DBA的意见。但随着业务量的增长,原表的设计已经不能满足业务需求。所以开发又主动要求DBA配合修改表结构。

面对这样一张表,首先第一步,需要给表添加无意义自增主键。

给表添加int型主键ID

给已有的记录设置ID值:

技术分享

 因为这个表里面有大字段。以至于这个表非常大,因为服务器参数限制,修改报错。于是按记录分布情况分批操作:

 

+--------------------------------+----------+
| DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m) | count(*) |
+--------------------------------+----------+
| 201604 | 10 |
| 201605 | 146 |
| 201606 | 441 |
| 201607 | 505 |
| 201608 | 1317 |
| 201609 | 14485 |
| 201610 | 17110 |
| 201611 | 35426 |
| 201612 | 29740 |
+--------------------------------+----------+

set @rownum = 0;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201604;
set @rownum = 100;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201605;
set @rownum = 300;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201606;
set @rownum = 1000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201607;
set @rownum = 1600;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201608;
set @rownum = 3000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201609;
set @rownum = 20000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201610;
set @rownum = 40000;

UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201611;

set @rownum = 80000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where DATE_FORMAT(UPDATED_AT,%Y%m)=201612;

SELECT COUNT(*) FROM tt a WHERE a.ID IS NULL;
0
SELECT a.ID,COUNT(*) FROM tt a GROUP BY a.ID HAVING COUNT(*)>1;
0
select id,updated_at from tt where id in(
SELECT a.ID FROM tt a GROUP BY a.ID HAVING COUNT(*)>1);


set @rownum = 110000;
UPDATE tt a SET a.ID = (@rownum:=@rownum+1) where a.ID IS NULL;

ALTER TABLE tt MODIFY COLUMN ID bigint(20) NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY  AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT 主键;
ALTER TABLE tt AUTO_INCREMENT
=120000;

感悟就是 :

1、关于大字段,要么存成文件的形式,要么单独存一张表,不要和其它字段和在一起。这样的话会导致任何对该表的操作都会牵一发而动全身。

2、表一定要有主键;

 

一个糟糕的表设计