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oc/object-c/ios哪种遍历NSArray/NSDictionary方式快?测试报告

做app的时候,总免不了要多次遍历数组或者字典。
究竟哪种遍历方式比较快呢?我做了如下测试:
首先定义测试用宏:

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#define MULogTimeintervalBegin(INFO) NSTimeInterval start = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate];\
NSTimeIntervalduration = 0;\
NSLog(@"MULogTimeintervalBegin:%@", INFO)
 
#define MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(INFO) duration = [NSDate timeIntervalSinceReferenceDate] - start;\
start += duration;\
NSLog(@"%@:%f", INFO, duration);\
duration = 0
#define TESTSCALE 100000



接着编写测试代码:
NSarray:

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- (void)testArray
{
    NSMutableArray* testArray = [NSMutableArrayarrayWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
    for(NSIntegeri = 1; i <= TESTSCALE; ++i) {
        [testArray addObject:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%ld", i]];
    }
    NSLog(@"init:%ld", [testArray count]);
     
    __blockNSMutableString* sum = [NSMutableStringstringWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
     
    MULogTimeintervalBegin(@"ArrayTest");
    NSUIntegercount = [testArray count];
    for(NSIntegeri = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        [sum appendString:[testArray objectAtIndex:i]];
    }
    [sum setString:@""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for statement");
     
    for(NSString* item in testArray) {
        [sum appendString:item];
    }
    [sum setString:@""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for-in");
     
    [testArray enumerateObjectsUsingBlock:^(idobj, NSUIntegeridx, BOOL*stop) {
        [sum appendString:obj];
    }];
    [sum setString:@""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"enumerateBlock");
}


NSDictionary:

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- (void)testDictionary {
    NSMutableDictionary* testDic = [NSMutableDictionarydictionaryWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
    for(NSIntegeri = 1; i <= TESTSCALE; ++i) {
        [testDic setObject:@"test"forKey:[NSStringstringWithFormat:@"%ld", i]];
    }
    NSLog(@"init:%ld", [testDic count]);
     
    __blockNSMutableString* sum = [NSMutableStringstringWithCapacity:TESTSCALE];
     
    MULogTimeintervalBegin(@"DictionaryTest");
    for(NSString* object in [testDic allValues]) {
        [sum appendString:object];
    }
    [sum setString:@""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for statement allValues");
     
    for(idakey in [testDic allKeys]) {
        [sum appendString:[testDic objectForKey:akey]];
    }
    [sum setString:@""];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"for statement allKeys");
     
    [testDic enumerateKeysAndObjectsUsingBlock:^(idkey, idobj, BOOL*stop) {
        [sum appendString:obj];
    } ];
    MULogTimeintervalPauseAndLog(@"enumeration");
}



下面是测试结果:
Test Case ‘-[LoopTestTests testArray]‘ started.
2012-08-02 17:14:22.061 otest[388:303] init:100000
2012-08-02 17:14:22.062 otest[388:303] MULogTimeintervalBegin:ArrayTest
2012-08-02 17:14:22.075 otest[388:303]for statement:0.013108
2012-08-02 17:14:22.083 otest[388:303]for-in:0.008186
2012-08-02 17:14:22.095 otest[388:303] enumerateBlock:0.012290
Test Case ‘-[LoopTestTests testArray]‘ passed (0.165 seconds).
Test Case ‘-[LoopTestTests testDictionary]‘ started.
2012-08-02 17:14:22.273 otest[388:303] init:100000
2012-08-02 17:14:22.274 otest[388:303] MULogTimeintervalBegin:DictionaryTest
2012-08-02 17:14:22.284 otest[388:303] for statement allValues:0.010566
2012-08-02 17:14:22.307 otest[388:303] for statement allKeys:0.022377
2012-08-02 17:14:22.330 otest[388:303] enumeration:0.023914
Test Case ‘-[LoopTestTests testDictionary]‘ passed (0.217 seconds).

可以看出对于数组来说,for-in方式遍历速度是最快的,普通风格的for和block方式速度差不多。对于字典来说,allValues方式遍历最快,allKeys和block差不多。
那么,为什么会这样呢?
NSArray:

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for(NSIntegeri = 0; i < count; ++i) {
        [sum appendString:[testArray objectAtIndex:i]];
}


这里由于存在:[objectAtIndex:i]这样的取操作,所以速度会有所下降。

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for(NSString* item in testArray) {
        [sum appendString:item];
}


尽管也有取操作,但是绕开了oc的message机制,速度会快一点。也有可能是编译器为了for-in作了优化。
block为什么会慢一些这个有待研究。
NSDictionary:

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for(idakey in [testDic allKeys]) {
        [sum appendString:[testDic objectForKey:akey]];
}


这个就很明显了,第二种方法多了一次objectForKey的操作。block的话有待研究。



google了一下,stackoverflow上面有类似的讨论:点击打开链接
大意是:for-in语法会对容器里面的元素的内存地址建立一个缓冲,遍历的时候从缓冲直接取得元素的地址而不是通过调用方法来获取,所以效率比较高。另外,这也是不能在循环体中修改容器元素的原因之一。