01 kvm技术基础

配置环境：

node1 192.168.1.121 CentOS release 6.7

1、KVM安装

#确保CPU支持HVM

[root@node1 ~]# grep -E --color=auto "(vmx|svm)" /proc/cpuinfo

#装载模块

[root@node1 ~]# modprobe kvm

[root@node1 ~]# modprobe kvm-intel

[root@node1 ~]# yum grouplist | grep -i ‘virtualization‘

  Virtualization

  Virtualization Client

  Virtualization Platform

  Virtualization Tools

[root@node1 ~]# yum install qemu-kvm -y 

[root@node1 ~]# ln -sv /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/qemu-kvm

02 使用qemu-kvm管理kvm虚拟机

配置环境：

node1 192.168.1.131 CentOS Linux release 7.2

1、KVM安装

[root@node1 ~]# modinfo kvm

[root@node1 ~]# modinfo kvm-intel

[root@node1 ~]# modinfo kvm-amd

[root@node1 ~]# modprobe kvm

[root@node1 ~]# lsmod | grep kvm

kvm_intel             162153  0 

kvm                   525259  1 kvm_intel

#确保CPU支持HVM

[root@node1 ~]# grep -E "(vmx|svm)" /proc/cpuinfo

[root@node1 ~]# yum install qemu-kvm -y

[root@node1 ~]# ln -s /usr/libexec/qemu-kvm /usr/bin/

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-img info cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img 

image: cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img

file format: qcow2

virtual size: 39M (41126400 bytes)

disk size: 11M

cluster_size: 65536

Format specific information:

    compat: 0.10

#启动虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -smp 2 -name "test" -hda cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img

#安装vnc

[root@node1 ~]# yum install tigervnc

#连接至打开的虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# vncviewer :5900

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name "test" -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir -p /images/windows

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-img -o ? -f qcow2 /images/windows/winxp.qcow2

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-img create -o size=20G,preallocation=metadata -f qcow2 /images/windows/winxp.qcow2

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -cpu host -driver file=/images/windows/winxp.qcow2,media=disk -driver file=/root/winxp_ghost.iso media=cdrom order=dc,once=d

03 使用qemu-kvm管理kvm虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name "test" -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback -vnc 192.168.1.131:1,password -monitor stdio

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name "test" -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback -nographic  -monitor stdio

1、管理桥设备

#添加桥

[root@node1 ~]# brctl addbr br0

[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig -a

br0: flags=4098<BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        ether 32:5c:c1:7e:42:c7  txqueuelen 0  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

eno16777736: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500

        inet 192.168.1.131  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255

        inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fe50:27c4  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>

        ether 00:0c:29:50:27:c4  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)

        RX packets 17736  bytes 9576805 (9.1 MiB)

        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0

        TX packets 13771  bytes 9831475 (9.3 MiB)

        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

[root@node1 ~]# brctl stp br0 off

#显示桥

[root@node1 ~]# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces

br0             8000.000000000000       no

#删除桥

[root@node1 ~]# brctl delbr br0

#激活桥

[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig br0 up

[root@node1 ~]# ip link  set dev br0 down

[root@node1 ~]# ip link  set dev br0 up

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name "test" -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback -nographic  -net nic -net tap,name=vif0.0,script=no

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/qemu-ifup

#!/bin/bash

#

bridge=br0

if [ -n "$1" ];then

ip link set $1 up

sleep 1

brctl addif $bridge $1

[ $? -eq 0 ] && exit 0 || exit 1

else

echo "Error: no interface specified."

exit 1

fi

[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifup

[root@node1 ~]# vim /etc/qemu-ifdown

#!/bin/bash

#

bridge=br0

if [ -n "$1" ];then

brctl delif $bridge $1

ip link set $1 down

exit 0

else

echo "Error: no interface specified."

exit 1

fi

[root@node1 ~]# chmod +x /etc/qemu-ifdown

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name test -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback -nographic -net nic -net tap,ifname=vif0.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup

[root@node1 ~]# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces

br0             8000.12188d08e408       no              vif0.0

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 128 -cpu host -smp 2 -name test -drive file=cirros-no_cloud-0.3.0-i386-disk.img,if=virtio,media=disk,format=qcow2,cache=writeback -nographic -net nic -net tap,ifname=vif1.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup

[root@node1 ~]# brctl show

bridge name     bridge id               STP enabled     interfaces

br0             8000.12188d08e408       no              vif0.0

                                                        vif1.0

[root@node1 ~]# ip link add veth1.0 type veth peer veth1.1

[root@node1 ~]# ip link set veth0 up

[root@node1 ~]# ip link set veth1.0 up

[root@node1 ~]# brctl addif br0 veth1.0

[root@node1 ~]# ifconfig veth0 172.16.100.67/24

04 使用qemu-kvm管理kvm虚拟机

[root@node1 ~]# mkdir /images/centos

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-img create /images/centos/centos6.img -o size=120G,preallocation=metadata -f qcow2

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -name centos -drive file=/images/centos/centos6.img,media=disk -net nic,macaddr=52:54:00:55:32:19 -net tap,ifname=centos6.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup -boot order=nc,once=n

[root@node1 ~]# qemu-kvm -m 512 -smp 2 -name centos -drive file=/images/centos/centos6.img,media=disk,if=virtio -net nic,model=virtio,macaddr=52:54:00:55:32:19 -net tap,ifname=centos6.0,script=/etc/qemu-ifup -boot order=nc,once=n

本文出自 “追梦” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://sihua.blog.51cto.com/377227/1887065

51 kvm技术基础、使用qemu-kvm管理kvm虚拟机