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Android BroadcastReceiver基础详解一
-、BroadcastReceivcer概述
1、什么是广播
2、BroadcastReceiver的创建启动
BroadcastReceiver是用用于接受程序所放出的Broadcast Intent,与应用程序启动的Activity、Service相同。也只需要两步:
①、创建需要启动的Broadcast的Intent
②、创建一个类继承BroadcastReceiver,在清单文件中注册Receiver,调用content的SendBroadcast()或sendOrderedBroadcast()(发送有序广播)的方法来启动指定的BroadcastReceiver
注:当应用程序发出一个Broadcast Intent之后,所有匹配该Intent的BroadcastReceiver都会启动。如果你不需要发送广播跨应用程序,考虑使用 这类 LocalBroadcastManager
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_startbroadcast = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_startbroadcast); bt_startbroadcast.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(MainActivity. this , myBroadcast. class ); intent.putExtra( "broadcast" , "hello,world! broadcast" ); sendBroadcast(intent); } }); } |
1 2 3 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Toast.makeText(context, "receiver-----" + intent.getStringExtra( "broadcast" ), 1 ).show(); } |
3、有序广播
正常播放 (发送 Context.sendBroadcast )是完全异步的。 所有的BroadcastReceiver是运行在一个未定义的顺序,常常在同一时间。 这时效率更高,但是意味着BroadcastReceiver器,不能使用结果或中止 。
有序广播 (发送 Context.sendOrderedBroadcast )交付给一个BroadcastReceiver。 因为每个BroadcastReceiver执行后返回值,它可以传播到下一个BroadcastReceiver,也可以完全通过abortBroadcast()方法终止广播,这样它就不会通过再通过后面的BroadcastReceiver两人。 在清单文件中可以控制运行 android:priority="" 的属性匹配intent-filter;BroadcastReceiver相同的优先级将运行在一个任意的顺序。
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 | public class MainActivity extends Activity { private Button bt_start; protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_start = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_start); bt_start.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { Intent intent = new Intent(); intent.setAction( "abc" ); intent.putExtra( "name" , "hello,BroadcastReceivcer" ); sendBroadcast(intent); } }); } |
1 2 3 4 | public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent intent) { String name = intent.getStringExtra( "name" ); System.out.println( "one=======" + name); } |
1 2 3 4 5 | < receiver android:name = "com.example.broadcast_order.One" > < intent-filter android:priority = "10" > < action android:name = "abc" /> </ intent-filter > </ receiver > |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | public class Two extends BroadcastReceiver { public void onReceive(Context arg0, Intent intent) { String name = intent.getStringExtra( "name" ); System.out.println( "Two=======" + name); // 取消Broadcast继续传递 abortBroadcast(); } } |
1 2 3 4 5 | < receiver android:name = "com.example.broadcast_order.Two" > < intent-filter android:priority = "12" > < action android:name = "abc" /> </ intent-filter > </ receiver > |
二、Receiver的生命周期
由于BroadcastReceiver本质上属于一个监听器,因此实现BroadcastReceiver的方法也十分简单,只要重写BroadcastReceiver方法中的onReceiv(Content content,Intent intent)方法即可。
每次系统Broadcast事件发生后,系统就会创建对应的BroadcastReceiver的实例,并且自动触发他的onReceive()方法,onReceive()方法执行完后,Broadcast的实例就会被销毁。也就是说Broadcast的生命周期就是onReceive()这个方法。
如果Broadcast的onReceive()方法不能在10秒内执行完成,Android会认为该程序无响应。所以不要在BroadcastReceiver的onReceive()方法中执行一些耗时操作,否则会弹出ANR的对话框。若必须要执行比较耗时的操作,则要考虑Intent的启动一个Service来完成操作。不应该考虑使用新线程去完成耗时的操作,因为BroadcastReceiver的生命周期太短了。
三、Receiver实现电池电量监控
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 | protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super .onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); bt_startbroadcast = (Button) this .findViewById(R.id.bt_startbroadcast); bt_startbroadcast.setOnClickListener( new View.OnClickListener() { public void onClick(View v) { // 指定Broadcast能匹配Intent的方法有两种,一种是清单文件中写配置,一种是代码指定如下 IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter(Intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED); myBroadcast receiver = new myBroadcast(); // new出自定义BroadcastReceiver的类 registerReceiver(receiver,filter); } }); } |
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { if (intent.getAction().equals(intent.ACTION_BATTERY_CHANGED)) { // 获取当前电量 int level = intent.getIntExtra( "level" , 0 ); // 获取总的电量 int scale = intent.getIntExtra( "scale" , 100 ); Toast.makeText(context, "电池电量为:" + ((level * 100 ) / scale) + "%" , 1 ).show(); } |
注意要在清单文件中添加获取电量权限状态的权限: <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BATTERY_STATS"/>
四、开机自动运行
在自定义的BroadcastReceiver中启动activities或Service
1 2 3 4 5 | public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) { Intent intent1 = new Intent(context, BootActivity. class ); intent1.setFlags(Intent.FLAG_ACTIVITY_NEW_TASK); //注册Activity时要使用setFlag()。Service不用 context.startActivity(intent1); } |
清单文件中注册Receiver
1 2 3 4 5 6 | < receiver android:name = "com.example.BroadcastReceiverDemo.myBroadcast" > < intent-filter > < action android:name = "android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" /> < category android:name = "android.intent.category.HOME" /> </ intent-filter > </ receiver > |
增加开机访问的权限:<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BATTERY_STATS" />