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python15-day11 队列和rabbitmq

2024-08-29 00:45:20   215人阅读

python15-day11

进程提供一个程序运行的所有数据，CPU需要处理多任务，所以需要多进程。

进程是一个资源的集合

每个进程的数据是独立的，每个进程至少有一个线程。线程数据是共享的。

一个进程的多个线程可以充分利用多核CPU

python只能在单核进行线程切换。

manager实现了多进程间数据共享，进程间共享数据的代价是高昂的，所以尽量避免进程间的数据共享。线程间数据本来就是共享的，不存在共享数据代价问题，线程要修改同一份数据。必须要加锁。互斥锁mutex

生产者和消费者模型，主要目的是解耦。

队列的三种类型：FIFO，LIFO，优先级

线程主要用于处理同一个程序的多个任务，IO密集型，socket、爬虫、web等

进程主要用于CPU运算密集型。主要利用CPU进程运算。几乎不读IO，大数据分析。

1. greenlet

from  greenlet import greenlet

def test1():
    print(1)
    gr2.switch()
    print(3)
    gr2.switch()
def test2():
    print(2)
    gr1.switch()
    print(4)
    gr1.switch()

gr1 = greenlet(test1)
gr2 = greenlet(test2)
gr2.switch()

2. gevent

import gevent
def func1():
    print("1111")
    gevent.sleep(1)
    print("2222")
def func2():
    print("3333")
    gevent.sleep(1)
    print("444444")
def func3():
    print("55555")
    gevent.sleep(2)
    print("666666")

gevent.joinall([
    gevent.spawn(func1),
    gevent.spawn(func2),
    gevent.spawn(func3)
])

3. 同步和异步

import gevent

def task(pid):
    gevent.sleep(0.5)
    print(‘Task %s done‘ % pid)

def synchronous():
    for i in range(1, 10):
        task(i)

def asynchronous():
    threads = [gevent.spawn(task, i) for i in range(10)]
    gevent.joinall(threads)

print(‘Synchronous:‘)
synchronous()

print(‘Asynchronous:‘)
asynchronous()

3.2 异步爬虫

import time
# from gevent import monkey;
# monkey.patch_all()
import gevent
from  urllib.request import urlopen

def f(url):
    print(‘GET: %s‘ % url)
    resp = urlopen(url)
    data = http://www.mamicode.com/resp.read()
    print(‘%d bytes received from %s.‘ % (len(data), url))
t1 = time.time()
gevent.joinall([
    gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://www.python.org/‘),
    gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://www.yahoo.com/‘),
    gevent.spawn(f, ‘https://github.com/‘),
])
print(time.time()-t1)

3.3 select模型

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消费者：

import socket

HOST = ‘localhost‘  # The remote host
PORT = 9999  # The same port as used by the server
s = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
s.connect((HOST, PORT))
while True:
    msg = bytes(input(">>:"), encoding="utf8")
    s.sendall(msg)
    data = s.recv(1024)
    # print(data)

    print(‘Received‘, repr(data))
s.close()

3. rabbitmq

3.1 连接rabbitmq

生产者：

import pika

connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
    ‘192.168.56.15‘))
channel = connection.channel()

# 声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘liangkai‘)

# n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘‘,
                      routing_key=‘liangkai‘,
                      body=‘liangkai & xiaoqing‘)
print(" [x] Sent ‘Hello World!‘")
connection.close()

消费者：

import pika
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(‘192.168.56.15‘))
channel = connection.channel()

channel.queue_declare(queue=‘liangkai‘)

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print(ch,method,property)
    print("[x] Recived %r"%body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="liangkai",no_ack=True)

print("[*] Wating for message.TO exit press CTRL+C")
channel.start_consuming()

3.2 添加认证以及消息持久化：

生产者端：

import pika

#connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(
#     ‘192.168.56.15‘))
# 添加认证
username = ‘python‘   #指定远程rabbitmq的用户名密码
pwd = ‘python‘
user_pwd = pika.PlainCredentials(username, pwd)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(‘192.168.56.15‘, credentials=user_pwd))#创建连接
channel = connection.channel()
# 声明queue
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘kaige‘,durable=True)  #队列的持久化

# n RabbitMQ a message can never be sent directly to the queue, it always needs to go through an exchange.
channel.basic_publish(exchange=‘‘,
                      routing_key=‘kaige‘,
                      body=‘liangkai & xiaoqing‘,
                      properties = pika.BasicProperties(
                          delivery_mode=2       #消息的持久化
                      ))
print(" [x] Sent ‘Hello World!‘")
connection.close()

消费者端：

import pika
username = ‘python‘   #指定远程rabbitmq的用户名密码
pwd = ‘python‘
user_pwd = pika.PlainCredentials(username, pwd)
connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters(‘192.168.56.15‘, credentials=user_pwd))#创建连接

channel = connection.channel()
#注意这里发送端要和接收端定义的连接相同
channel.queue_declare(queue=‘kaige‘,durable=True) 

def callback(ch,method,properties,body):
    print(ch,method,property)
    print("[x] Recived %r"%body)
channel.basic_consume(callback,queue="kaige",no_ack=True)

print("[*] Wating for message.TO exit press CTRL+C")
channel.start_consuming()

3.3 消息公平分发

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