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Linux 进程监控工具 monit
如果你已经使用Cacti Nagios 以及zabbix 等一系列监控工具来监控你的项目，但仍然达不到你想要的进程挂掉可以自动拉起并且邮件报警的功能，那么请往下看，推荐一款及其好用的进程监控软件Monit；
Monit是一款功能非常丰富的进程、文件、目录和设备的监测软件，适用于Linux/Unix平台。 它可以自动修复那些已经停止运作的程序,特使适合处理那些由于多种原因导致的软件错误，同时Monit 包含一个内嵌的 HTTP(S) Web 界面，你可以使用浏览器方便地查看 Monit 所监视的服务器；
Monit官网：http://mmonit.com/monit/
CentOS可以直接：
# yum install monit -y
注：CentOS 可能需要安装epel源才能有这个软件包；
这里就顺便讲一下怎么安装epel源： ## RHEL/CentOS 5 32-Bit ## # wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm ## RHEL/CentOS 5 64-Bit ## # wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/5/x86_64/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm RHEL/CentOS 6 32-64 Bit ## RHEL/CentOS 6 32-Bit ## # wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/i386/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm ## RHEL/CentOS 6 64-Bit ## # wget http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/x86_64/epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-6-8.noarch.rpm RHEL/CentOS 7 64 Bit ## RHEL/CentOS 7 64-Bit ## # wget http://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/beta/7/x86_64/epel-release-7-0.2.noarch.rpm # rpm -ivh epel-release-7-0.2.noarch.rpm # ls -1 /etc/yum.repos.d/epel* /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/epel-testing.repo # yum repolist # yum --enablerepo=epel info monit # yum --enablerepo=epel install monit
Debian可以直接：
apt-get install monit -y
接下来看一下yum 装完软件包之后有哪些文件：
# rpm -ql monit /etc/logrotate.d/monit /etc/monit.conf /etc/monit.d /etc/monit.d/logging /etc/rc.d/init.d/monit /usr/bin/monit /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1 /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/CHANGES.txt /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/COPYING /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/LICENSE /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/PLATFORMS /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/README /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/README.DEVELOPER /usr/share/doc/monit-5.1.1/README.SSL /usr/share/man/man1/monit.1.gz /var/log/monit
monit文档：
https://mmonit.com/monit/documentation/
查看默认配置文件：
# vim etc/monit.conf
set daemon 120 # 默认每隔两分钟检测一次
set logfile syslog facility log_daemon #默认monit日志为syslog
set idfile /var/.monit.id #设置Monit监控项目的唯一id文件位置，默认在$HOME/.monit.id
set statefile /var/.monit.state #默认存储每个周期内monitorinig 状态的文件
set mailserver mail.bar.baz, # 默认的主邮件服务器
mailserver 支持格式为：
SET MAILSERVER <hostname|ip-address [PORT number] [USERNAME string] [PASSWORD string] [using SSLAUTO|SSLV2|SSLV3|TLSV1|TLSV11|TLSV12] [CERTMD5 checksum]>, ...
[with TIMEOUT X SECONDS]
[using HOSTNAME hostname]
例如:
set mailserver smtp.gmail.com port 587 username "user@domain.com" password "password" using tlsv1 with timeout 30 seconds
set eventqueue #默认当邮件服务器不可用时使用eventqueue存储报警事件
basedir /var/monit
slots 100 #限制队列大小
set mail-format {
from: monit@foo.bar
reply-to: support@domain.com
subject: $SERVICE $EVENT at $DATE
message: Monit $ACTION $SERVICE at $DATE on $HOST: $DESCRIPTION.
Yours sincerely,
monit
}
set alert sysadm@foo.bar # receive all alerts
set httpd port 2812 and # 引用monit自己封装的web server来监控monit的监控项目状态；
use address localhost # only accept connection from localhost
allow localhost # allow localhost to connect to the server and
allow admin:monit # require user ‘admin‘ with password ‘monit‘
allow @monit # allow users of group ‘monit‘ to connect (rw)
allow @users readonly # allow users of group ‘users‘ to connect readonly
include /etc/monit.d/*看完这些是不是已经对配置文件有所了解了呢，小编为刚刚接触的同学准备了调优后的一个实例配置文件如下：
# vim etc/monit.conf
set daemon 15 # check services at 2-minute intervals
set logfile /var/log/monit.log
set idfile /var/.monit.id
set statefile /var/.monit.state
set mailserver mail.wz.com
username "cacti@wz.com" password "cacti"
with timeout 15 seconds
set eventqueue
basedir /var/monit # set the base directory where events will be stored
slots 100 # optionally limit the queue size
set mail-format {
from: cacti@wz.com
subject: Monit Alert -- Host $HOST ‘s $SERVICE $DESCRIPTION
message:
Date: $DATE
Action: $ACTION
Host: $HOST
Description:
Host $HOST ‘s $SERVICE $DESCRIPTION
$EVENT Service $SERVICE
$DESCRIPTION
}
set alert cacti@wz.com # receive all alerts
set httpd port 11111 and
allow localhost
allow 192.168.3.0/24
allow username:password
include /etc/monit.d/*这里需要注意的是，上面配置的邮件服务server需要用到用户名密码认证，能力强的同学可以内网搭建一个邮件系统，觉得麻烦的同学可以用腾讯邮箱或者126...balabala
最后一项include /etc/monit.d/* 是定义监控项目配置文件放置的位置；我们需要监控哪些项目其配置文件就可以放在这里；
那小编又为同学们准备了一个实例：
# vim /etc/monit.d/perl-fcgi.conf check process perl-fcgi with pidfile /opt/logs/perl-fcgi.pid start program = "/etc/init.d/perl-fcgi start" stop program = "/etc/init.d/perl-fcgi stop" if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout # vim /etc/monit.d/nginx.conf check process nginx with pidfile /opt/logs/nginx.pid start program = "/etc/init.d/nginx start" stop program = "/etc/init.d/nginx stop" if failed port 80 protocol http then restart if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout # vim /etc/monit.d/mysql.conf check process mysqld with pidfile /data/mariadb/mariadb.pid start program = "/etc/init.d/mysqld start" stop program = "/etc/init.d/mysqld stop" #if failed port 3306 protocol mysql then restart if failed unixsocket /tmp/mysql.sock then restart if 5 restarts within 5 cycles then timeout
配置文件有了，接下来检测一下语法对不对呢：
# monit -t Control file syntax OK
启动monit：
/etc/init.d/monit start Starting monit: monit: generated unique Monit id 5d83a4c163d9bc0218b77f1aae3cdf2d and stored to ‘/var/.monit.id‘ [ OK ]
注意：
如果你的系统里有防火墙，这里需要添加防火墙规则；
monit的配置文件中有一个自带的web server用来监控monit里面的监控项目的状态，有个默认端口2812，如果没修改的话就添加2812端口的规则，如果修改了就添加你修改后的端口防火墙规则；
monit默认2812端口规则： # vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 2812 -j ACCEPT
monit修改后端口11111规则： # vim /etc/sysconfig/iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 11111 -j ACCEPT
记得重启iptables：
/etc/init.d/iptables restart
接下来在浏览器里测试访问monit的状态：
http://192.168.3.5:11111/ 输入配置文件中的账号和密码：username password
尽情enjoy吧！
这里附上几张邮件报警的截图：
测试nginx关闭之后是否可以自动拉起呢？
/etc/init.d/nginx stop
马上就是见证奇迹的时刻！
看，快看！
由邮件时间看出，检测时间并且拉起进程非常快，10秒之内就检测到然后进程就又被重新拉起！
是不是非常好用呢？同学们快用起来！
本文出自 “林纳斯 托瓦兹” 博客，请务必保留此出处http://wz102.blog.51cto.com/3588520/1541567
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