一个解决办法是我们直接定位到项目文件中(磁盘中)，手动的新建该三个文件,之后刷新项目即可。

           其中src/test/resources貌似可以直接在Eclipse中直接新建。

         3、添加web特性

         对于版本较高的Eclipse来说，到现在项目基本就是一个maven项目了,但是对于较老版本来说还要进行一些操作。而且基于后续项目打包、发布的考虑这里也需要做相关操作。

         右键项目->Properties->Project Facets->动态web特性

          由于项目打包、发布的时候不需要测试代码、测试的配置文件，以及运行时产生的额外文件(target),这里我们要进行下web目录的配置也就是Deployment Assembly，具体如下图:

          删除蓝色框区域(老版本可能需删除webContent目录,添加webapp目录)。

          至此,一个完整的maven项目就构建好了,项目的结构如下:

Spring MVC配置

      1、Spring MVC配置

           配置web.xml,采用Spring MVC框架，主要配置的是ContextLoaderListener和DispacherServlet。web.xml配置如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">
  <display-name>LCore</display-name>
  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
 
  <!-- 加载所有的配置文件
   这里我将配置文件置于源码包中
    -->
  <context-param>
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
      <param-value>classpath*:spring-*.xml</param-value>
  </context-param>
 
  <!-- 配置Spring-->
  <listener>
      <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
  </listener>
 
  <!-- 配置SpringMVC -->
  <servlet>
      <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
          <param-value>classpath*:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
      <servlet-name>springMVC</servlet-name>
      <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
 
  <!-- 配置字符集 -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>encoding</param-name>
          <param-value>UTF-8</param-value>
      </init-param>
      <init-param>
          <param-name>forceEncoding</param-name>
          <param-value>true</param-value>
      </init-param>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>encodingFilter</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
 
  <!-- 配置Session -->
  <filter>
      <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
      <filter-class>org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.OpenSessionInViewFilter</filter-class>
  </filter>
  <filter-mapping>
      <filter-name>openSession</filter-name>
      <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </filter-mapping>
</web-app>

      配置ContextLoaderListener表示，该工程要以spring的方式启动。启动时会默认在/WEB-INF目录下查找 spring-common.xml作为spring容器的配置文件，这里可以初始化一些bean，如DataSource。代码如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.1.xsd
        http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-3.1.xsd">

    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties" />
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ceis.core" />
    
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource"
        p:driverClassName="${jdbc.driver}"
        p:url="${jdbc.url}"
        p:username="${jdbc.username}"
        p:password="${jdbc.password}" />

    <bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean">
        <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
        <property name="hibernateProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="hibernate.dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLDialect</prop>
                <prop key="hibernate.current_session_context_class">thread</prop>
                  <prop key="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto">update</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
        <property name="packagesToScan">
            <list>
                <value>com.ceis.core.po</value>
            </list>
        </property>
    </bean>
    
    <bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager">
        <property name="sessionFactory" ref="sessionFactory" />
    </bean>

    <tx:annotation-driven proxy-target-class="true" />

</beans>

          配置DispatcherServlet表示，该工程将采用springmvc的方式。启动时也会默认在classPath目录下查找spring-mvc.xml作为配置文件，该文件中将配置两项重要的mvc特性：

          HandlerMapping,负责为DispatcherServlet这个前端控制器的请求查找Controller；

          这里我额外配置了velocity引擎处理请求和视图解析器(页面通过velocity模板引擎构建)。代码如下:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-3.2.xsd
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
    http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc-3.2.xsd">
    
    <!-- 注解扫描包 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.ceis.core.controller" />
    <!-- 启动spring mvc的注解功能，完成请求和注解POJO的映射 -->  
    <bean  
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.mvc.annotation.AnnotationMethodHandlerAdapter">  
        <!--         配置信息转换，将用@responsebody注解的返回值转换为json返回前台，编码为utf-8-->  
        <property name="messageConverters">  
            <list>  
            </list>  
        </property>  
    </bean>  
    <mvc:interceptors>
        <mvc:interceptor>
            <mvc:mapping path="/*" />
            <!-- 需排除拦截的地址 -->
            <mvc:exclude-mapping path="/login" />
            
            <bean class="com.ceis.core.Interceptor.SecurityInterceptor" />
        </mvc:interceptor>
    </mvc:interceptors>
    <mvc:annotation-driven />
    <!-- 静态资源(js/image)的访问 -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/resources/**" location="/resources/" />
    <!-- 定义视图解析器 -->    
<!-- 配置velocity引擎处理请求 -->
    <bean id="velocityConfigurer"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityConfigurer">
        <!-- <property name="configLocation"> <value>/WEB-INF/toolbox.xml</value>
            </property> -->
        <property name="resourceLoaderPath">
            <value>/WEB-INF/views/</value>
        </property>
        <property name="velocityProperties">
            <props>
                <prop key="input.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
                <prop key="output.encoding">UTF-8</prop>
            </props>
        </property>
    </bean>

    <!-- 配置velocity视图解析器 -->
    <bean id="viewResolver"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.velocity.VelocityViewResolver">
        <property name="suffix">
            <value>.vm</value>
        </property>
        <property name="contentType" value=http://www.mamicode.com/"text/html;charset=UTF-8">>
        2、Maven配置jar包           
             传统引入jar的方式是将其放入web-inf->lib目录里面，无形中增大了项目，而且jar不能统一进行管理。使用Maven的好处之一就是通过配置POM.XML文件自动下载jar包,并且通过中心库统一进行管理、版本的控制等。
            这里我们需要引入spring-mvc、servlet特性相关的包，以及tomcat插件(运行)
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<project xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd" xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>debug</groupId>
  <artifactId>debug</artifactId>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <dependencies>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
      <artifactId>jcl-over-slf4j</artifactId>
      <version>1.6.6</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>mysql</groupId>
      <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      <version>5.1.21</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>jstl</groupId>
      <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      <version>1.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>taglibs</groupId>
      <artifactId>standard</artifactId>
      <version>1.1.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-c3p0</artifactId>
      <version>3.6.0.Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-ehcache</artifactId>
      <version>3.6.10.Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>
      <version>3.1.2.RELEASE</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-mock</artifactId>
      <version>2.0.8</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-lang</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-lang</artifactId>
      <version>2.5</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>cglib</groupId>
      <artifactId>cglib</artifactId>
      <version>2.1_3</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javassist</groupId>
      <artifactId>javassist</artifactId>
      <version>3.4.GA</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
      <artifactId>hibernate-annotations</artifactId>
      <version>3.5.6-Final</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-core-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.8</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.codehaus.jackson</groupId>
      <artifactId>jackson-mapper-asl</artifactId>
      <version>1.9.8</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
      <artifactId>servlet-api</artifactId>
      <version>2.4</version>
      <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>commons-dbcp</groupId>
      <artifactId>commons-dbcp</artifactId>
      <version>1.2.2</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
      <artifactId>velocity</artifactId>
      <version>1.7</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
      <groupId>org.apache.velocity</groupId>
      <artifactId>velocity-tools</artifactId>
      <version>2.0</version>
      <scope>compile</scope>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <repositories>
    <repository>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </repository>
  </repositories>
  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <releases>
        <updatePolicy>never</updatePolicy>
      </releases>
      <snapshots>
        <enabled>false</enabled>
      </snapshots>
      <id>central</id>
      <name>Central Repository</name>
      <url>http://repo.maven.apache.org/maven2</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <build>
    <sourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src</sourceDirectory>
    <scriptSourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\main\scripts</scriptSourceDirectory>
    <testSourceDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\test\java</testSourceDirectory>
    <outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\classes</outputDirectory>
    <testOutputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\test-classes</testOutputDirectory>
    <resources>
      <resource>
        <directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\main\resources</directory>
      </resource>
    </resources>
    <testResources>
      <testResource>
        <directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\src\test\resources</directory>
      </testResource>
    </testResources>
    <directory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target</directory>
    <finalName>debug-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</finalName>
    <pluginManagement>
      <plugins>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>1.3</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.2-beta-5</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-dependency-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.8</version>
        </plugin>
        <plugin>
          <artifactId>maven-release-plugin</artifactId>
          <version>2.3.2</version>
        </plugin>
      </plugins>
    </pluginManagement>
    <plugins>
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.1</version>
        <configuration>
          <url>http://127.0.0.1:8080/manager</url>
          <port>8080</port>
          <server>TomcatServer</server>
          <path>/debug</path>
          <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5.1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testCompile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testCompile</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.7</source>
              <target>1.7</target>
              <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-compile</id>
            <phase>compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>compile</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <source>1.7</source>
              <target>1.7</target>
              <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <source>1.7</source>
          <target>1.7</target>
          <encoding>UTF-8</encoding>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-clean-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.5</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-clean</id>
            <phase>clean</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>clean</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-install-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-install</id>
            <phase>install</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>install</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.6</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-resources</id>
            <phase>process-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>resources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-testResources</id>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>testResources</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-surefire-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.12.4</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>test</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-war-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.2</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-war</id>
            <phase>package</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>war</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-deploy-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.7</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
      </plugin>
      <plugin>
        <artifactId>maven-site-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.3</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>default-site</id>
            <phase>site</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>site</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>default-deploy</id>
            <phase>site-deploy</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>deploy</goal>
            </goals>
            <configuration>
              <outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory>
              <reportPlugins>
                <reportPlugin>
                  <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                  <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
                </reportPlugin>
              </reportPlugins>
            </configuration>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <configuration>
          <outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory>
          <reportPlugins>
            <reportPlugin>
              <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
              <artifactId>maven-project-info-reports-plugin</artifactId>
            </reportPlugin>
          </reportPlugins>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
  <reporting>
    <outputDirectory>C:\Users\LCore\git\debug\debug\target\site</outputDirectory>
  </reporting>
</project

          上述配置中有关于git的都可以删掉。
测试 
        经过一些努力终于配置好了springmvc，下面进行一个简单的登录测试。 
        LoginController:        
package com.ceis.core.controller.login;

import javax.annotation.Resource;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpSession;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

import com.ceis.core.controller.BaseController;
import com.ceis.core.po.User;
import com.ceis.core.service.UserService;


@Controller
public class LoginController extends BaseController{

    @Resource(name="userService")
    private UserService userService;
    @RequestMapping("/login")
    public ModelAndView login(User user,HttpServletRequest request,HttpServletResponse response)
    {
        ModelAndView view = null;
        user.setPassword(request.getParameter("password"));
        user.setName(request.getParameter("username"));
        if(userService.login(user.getName(),user.getPassword())){
            view = createLayoutView("content");
            request.getSession().setAttribute("user", user);
            return view;
        }
        else
            return new ModelAndView("login");
    }
    
    /**
     * 退出登录必须清空session
     * @param user
     * @param request
     * @return the login.jsp
     */
    @RequestMapping("/loginOut")
    public String loginOut(User user,HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        HttpSession httpSession = request.getSession();
        httpSession.removeAttribute("user");
        httpSession.invalidate();//session不可用
        return "redirect:login.jsp";//请求重定向到首页
    }
}


         至于service的代码这里就不给出了。 
         登录页面的核心代码:        
<!-- Login Screen -->
    <div class="login-wrapper">
        <div class="login-container">
            <img width="100" height="30" src=http://www.mamicode.com/"resources/images/logo-login-big.png" />>
          form表单的action的值就是LoginController的login方法的requestMapping路径。        

          点击登录之后顺利跳转至主页: