Help on built-in function dir in module builtins:
dir(...)
    dir([object]) -> list of strings
    
    If called without an argument, return the names in the current scope.
    Else, return an alphabetized list of names comprising (some of) the attributes
    of the given object, and of attributes reachable from it.
    If the object supplies a method named __dir__, it will be used; otherwise
    the default dir() logic is used and returns:
      for a module object: the module‘s attributes.
      for a class object:  its attributes, and recursively the attributes
        of its bases.
      for any other object: its attributes, its class‘s attributes, and
        recursively the attributes of its class‘s base classes.
None
[‘__call__‘, ‘__class__‘, ‘__delattr__‘, ‘__dict__‘, ‘__dir__‘, ‘__doc__‘, ‘__eq__‘, ‘__format__‘, ‘__ge__‘, ‘__getattribute__‘, ‘__gt__‘, ‘__hash__‘, ‘__init__‘, ‘__le__‘, ‘__lt__‘, ‘__module__‘, ‘__ne__‘, ‘__new__‘, ‘__reduce__‘, ‘__reduce_ex__‘, ‘__repr__‘, ‘__setattr__‘, ‘__sizeof__‘, ‘__str__‘, ‘__subclasshook__‘, ‘__weakref__‘]
Process finished with exit code 0

>>> myvar = 3
>>> myvar += 2
>>> myvar
5
>>> myvar -= 1
>>> myvar
4
"""This is a multiline comment.
The following lines concatenate the two strings."""
>>> mystring = "Hello"
>>> mystring += " world."
>>> print mystring
Hello world.
# This swaps the variables in one line(!).
# It doesn‘t violate strong typing because values aren‘t
# actually being assigned, but new objects are bound to
# the old names.
>>> myvar, mystring = mystring, myvar

       Python具有列表（list）、元组（tuple）和字典（dictionaries）三种基本的数据结构，而集合(sets)则包含在集合库中(但从Python2.5版本开始正式成为Python内建类型)。列表的特点跟一维数组类似（当然你也可以创建类似多维数组的“列表的列表”），字典则是具有关联关系的数组（通常也叫做哈希表），而元组则是不可变的一维数组（Python中“数组”可以包含任何类型的元素，这样你就可以使用混合元素，例如整数、字符串或是嵌套包含列表、字典或元组）。数组中第一个元素索引值(下标)为0，使用负数索引值能够从后向前访问数组元素，-1表示最后一个元素。数组元素还能指向函数。来看下面的用法：

>>> sample = [1, ["another", "list"], ("a", "tuple")]
>>> mylist = ["List item 1", 2, 3.14]
>>> mylist[0] = "List item 1 again" # We‘re changing the item.
>>> mylist[-1] = 3.21 # Here, we refer to the last item.
>>> mydict = {"Key 1": "Value 1", 2: 3, "pi": 3.14}
>>> mydict["pi"] = 3.15 # This is how you change dictionary values.
>>> mytuple = (1, 2, 3)
>>> myfunction = len
>>> print (myfunction(mylist))    #相当于print(len(mylist))
3

       你可以使用:运算符访问数组中的某一段，如果:左边为空则表示从第一个元素开始，同理:右边为空则表示到最后一个元素结束。负数索引则表示从后向前数的位置（-1是最后一个项目），例如：

>>> mylist = ["List item 1", 2, 3.14]
>>> print mylist[:]
[‘List item 1‘, 2, 3.1400000000000001]
>>> print mylist[0:2]
[‘List item 1‘, 2]
>>> print mylist[-3:-1]
[‘List item 1‘, 2]
>>> print mylist[1:]
[2, 3.14]
# Adding a third parameter, "step" will have Python step in
# N item increments, rather than 1.
# E.g., this will return the first item, then go to the third and
# return that (so, items 0 and 2 in 0-indexing).
>>> print mylist[::2]
[‘List item 1‘, 3.14]

字符串

print ("This %(verb)s a %(noun)s." % {"noun": "test", "verb": "is"})   #相当于print("this %s a %s"%("is","test"))
This is a test.    #打印结果