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安装和测试Kafka

本文主要介绍如何在单节点上安装 Kafka 并测试 broker、producer 和 consumer 功能。

下载

进入下载页面:http://kafka.apache.org/downloads.html ,选择 Binary downloads下载 (Source download需要编译才能使用),这里我下载 kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1,其对应的 Scala 版本为 2.11

$ wget http://apache.fayea.com/kafka/0.8.2.1/kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1.tgz

解压并进入目录:

$ tar -xzvf kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1.tgz
$ cd kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1

查看目录结构:

tree -L 2
.
├── bin
│   ├── kafka-console-consumer.sh
│   ├── kafka-console-producer.sh
│   ├── kafka-consumer-offset-checker.sh
│   ├── kafka-consumer-perf-test.sh
│   ├── kafka-mirror-maker.sh
│   ├── kafka-preferred-replica-election.sh
│   ├── kafka-producer-perf-test.sh
│   ├── kafka-reassign-partitions.sh
│   ├── kafka-replay-log-producer.sh
│   ├── kafka-replica-verification.sh
│   ├── kafka-run-class.sh
│   ├── kafka-server-start.sh
│   ├── kafka-server-stop.sh
│   ├── kafka-simple-consumer-shell.sh
│   ├── kafka-topics.sh
│   ├── windows
│   ├── zookeeper-server-start.sh
│   ├── zookeeper-server-stop.sh
│   └── zookeeper-shell.sh
├── config
│   ├── consumer.properties
│   ├── log4j.properties
│   ├── producer.properties
│   ├── server.properties
│   ├── test-log4j.properties
│   ├── tools-log4j.properties
│   └── zookeeper.properties
├── libs
│   ├── jopt-simple-3.2.jar
│   ├── kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1.jar
│   ├── kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1-javadoc.jar
│   ├── kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1-scaladoc.jar
│   ├── kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1-sources.jar
│   ├── kafka_2.11-0.8.2.1-test.jar
│   ├── kafka-clients-0.8.2.1.jar
│   ├── log4j-1.2.16.jar
│   ├── lz4-1.2.0.jar
│   ├── metrics-core-2.2.0.jar
│   ├── scala-library-2.11.5.jar
│   ├── scala-parser-combinators_2.11-1.0.2.jar
│   ├── scala-xml_2.11-1.0.2.jar
│   ├── slf4j-api-1.7.6.jar
│   ├── slf4j-log4j12-1.6.1.jar
│   ├── snappy-java-1.1.1.6.jar
│   ├── zkclient-0.3.jar
│   └── zookeeper-3.4.6.jar
├── LICENSE
└── NOTICE

4 directories, 45 files

启动和停止

运行 kafka ,需要依赖 zookeeper,你可以使用已有的 zookeeper 集群或者利用 kafka 提供的脚本启动一个 zookeeper 实例:

$ bin/zookeeper-server-start.sh config/zookeeper.properties &  

默认的,zookeeper 会监听在 *:2181/tcp

停止刚才启动的 zookeeper 实例:

$ bin/zookeeper-server-stop.sh  

启动Kafka server:

$ bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server.properties &  

config/server.properties 中有一些默认的配置参数,这里仅仅列出参数,不做解释:

broker.id=0

port=9092

#host.name=localhost

#advertised.host.name=<hostname routable by clients>

#advertised.port=<port accessible by clients>

num.network.threads=3

num.io.threads=8

socket.send.buffer.bytes=102400

socket.receive.buffer.bytes=102400

socket.request.max.bytes=104857600

log.dirs=/tmp/kafka-logs

num.partitions=1

num.recovery.threads.per.data.dir=1

#log.flush.interval.messages=10000

#log.flush.interval.ms=1000

log.retention.hours=168

#log.retention.bytes=1073741824

log.segment.bytes=1073741824

log.retention.check.interval.ms=300000

log.cleaner.enable=false

zookeeper.connect=localhost:2181

zookeeper.connection.timeout.ms=6000

如果你像我一样是在虚拟机中测试 kafka,那么你需要修改 kafka 启动参数中 JVM 内存大小。查看 kafka-server-start.sh 脚本,修改 KAFKA_HEAP_OPTS 处 -Xmx 和 -Xms 的值。

启动成功之后,会看到如下日志:

[2015-03-17 11:19:30,528] INFO Starting log flusher with a default period of 9223372036854775807 ms. (kafka.log.LogManager)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,604] INFO Awaiting socket connections on 0.0.0.0:9092. (kafka.network.Acceptor)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,605] INFO [Socket Server on Broker 0], Started (kafka.network.SocketServer)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,687] INFO Will not load MX4J, mx4j-tools.jar is not in the classpath (kafka.utils.Mx4jLoader$)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,756] INFO 0 successfully elected as leader (kafka.server.ZookeeperLeaderElector)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,887] INFO Registered broker 0 at path  /brokers/ids/0 with address cdh1:9092. (kafka.utils.ZkUtils$)
[2015-03-17 11:19:30,928] INFO [Kafka Server 0], started (kafka.server.KafkaServer)
[2015-03-17 11:19:31,048] INFO New leader is 0 (kafka.server.ZookeeperLeaderElector$LeaderChangeListener)

从日志可以看到:

  • log flusher 有一个默认的周期值
  • kafka server 监听在9092端口
  • 在 cdh1:9092 上注册了一个 broker 0 ,路径为 /brokers/ids/0

停止 Kafka server :

$ bin/kafka-server-stop.sh

单 broker 测试

在启动 kafka-server 之后启动,运行producer:

$ bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092 --topic test  

在另一个终端运行 consumer:

$ bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic test --from-beginning  

在 producer 端输入字符串并回车,查看 consumer 端是否显示。

多 broker 测试

配置和启动 Kafka broker

接下来参考 Running a Multi-Broker Apache Kafka 0.8 Cluster on a Single Node 这篇文章,基于 config/server.properties 配置文件创建多个 broker 的 kafka 集群。

创建第一个 broker:

$ cp config/server.properties config/server1.properties

编写 config/server1.properties 并修改下面配置:

broker.id=1
port=9092
log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-1

创建第二个 broker:

$ cp config/server.properties config/server2.properties

编写 config/server2.properties 并修改下面配置:

broker.id=2
port=9093
log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-2

创建第三个 broker:

$ cp config/server.properties config/server3.properties

编写 config/server3.properties 并修改下面配置:

broker.id=3
port=9094
log.dir=/tmp/kafka-logs-3

接下来分别启动这三个 broker:

$ JMX_PORT=9999  ; nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server1.properties &
$ JMX_PORT=10000  ; nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server2.properties &
$ JMX_PORT=10001  ; nohup bin/kafka-server-start.sh config/server3.properties &

下面是三个 broker 监听的网络接口和端口列表:

        Broker 1     Broker 2      Broker 3
----------------------------------------------
Kafka   *:9092/tcp   *:9093/tcp    *:9094/tcp
JMX     *:9999/tcp   *:10000/tcp   *:10001/tcp

创建 Kafka topic

在 Kafka 0.8 中有两种方式创建一个新的 topic:

  • 在 broker 上开启 auto.create.topics.enable 参数,当 broker 接收到一个新的 topic 上的消息时候,会通过 num.partitions 和 default.replication.factor 两个参数自动创建 topic。
  • 使用 bin/kafka-topics.sh 命令

创建一个名称为 zerg.hydra 的 topic:

$ bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --create --topic zerg.hydra --partitions 3 --replication-factor 2

使用下面查看创建的 topic:

$ bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --list
test
zerg.hydra

还可以查看更详细的信息:

$ bin/kafka-topics.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --describe --topic zerg.hydra
Topic:zerg.hydra    PartitionCount:3    ReplicationFactor:2 Configs:
    Topic: zerg.hydra   Partition: 0    Leader: 2   Replicas: 2,3   Isr: 2,3
    Topic: zerg.hydra   Partition: 1    Leader: 3   Replicas: 3,0   Isr: 3,0
    Topic: zerg.hydra   Partition: 2    Leader: 0   Replicas: 0,2   Isr: 0,2

默认的,Kafka 持久化 topic 到 log.dir 参数定义的目录。

$ tree /tmp/kafka-logs-{1,2,3}
/tmp/kafka-logs-1                   # first broker (broker.id = 1)
├── zerg.hydra-0                    # replica of partition 0 of topic "zerg.hydra" (this broker is leader)
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
├── zerg.hydra-2                    # replica of partition 2 of topic "zerg.hydra"
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
└── replication-offset-checkpoint

/tmp/kafka-logs-2                   # second broker (broker.id = 2)
├── zerg.hydra-0                    # replica of partition 0 of topic "zerg.hydra"
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
├── zerg.hydra-1                    # replica of partition 1 of topic "zerg.hydra" (this broker is leader)
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
└── replication-offset-checkpoint

/tmp/kafka-logs-3                   # third broker (broker.id = 3)
├── zerg.hydra-1                    # replica of partition 1 of topic "zerg.hydra"
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
├── zerg.hydra-2                    # replica of partition 2 of topic "zerg.hydra" (this broker is leader)
│   ├── 00000000000000000000.index
│   └── 00000000000000000000.log
└── replication-offset-checkpoint

6 directories, 15 files

启动一个 producer

以 sync 模式启动一个 producer:

$ bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092,localhost:9093,localhost:9094 --sync --topic zerg.hydra

然后,输入以下内容:

Hello, world!
Rock: Nerf Paper. Scissors is fine.

启动一个 consumer

在另一个终端运行:

$ bin/kafka-console-consumer.sh --zookeeper localhost:2181 --topic zerg.hydra --from-beginning

注意,生产环境通常不会添加 --from-beginning 参数。

观察输出,你会看到下面内容:

Hello, world!
Rock: Nerf Paper. Scissors is fine.

把 consumer 停掉再启动,你还会看到相同的输出结果。

将日志推送到 kafka

例如,将 apache 或者 nginx 或者 tomcat 等产生的日志 push 到 kafka,只需要执行下面代码即可:

$ tail -n 0 -f  /var/log/nginx/access.log | bin/kafka-console-producer.sh --broker-list localhost:9092,localhost:9093,localhost:9094 --sync --topic zerg.hydra

安装和测试Kafka