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linux网络配置、管理
配置IP地址:
通过命令行（ ifconfig , ip ）：即时生效，重启失效
通过配置文件：重启生效，或者通过/etc/init.d/network restart重读配置文件
ifconfig:配置网络接口
ifconfig 显示当前激活的所有网卡信息
[root@unp ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:9F:22:36
inet addr:192.168.57.23 Bcast:192.168.57.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:436523 errors:2 dropped:2 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:152251 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:91512106 (87.2 MiB) TX bytes:37550531 (35.8 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000lo Link encap:Local Loopback
inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0
inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host
UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:16436 Metric:1
RX packets:365848 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:365848 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
RX bytes:21950880 (20.9 MiB) TX bytes:21950880 (20.9 MiB)ifconfig eth0 仅显示指定网卡的信息
[root@unp ~]# ifconfig
eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:50:56:9F:22:36
inet addr:192.168.57.23 Bcast:192.168.57.255 Mask:255.255.255.0
inet6 addr: fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236/64 Scope:Link
UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1
RX packets:436523 errors:2 dropped:2 overruns:0 frame:0
TX packets:152251 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
RX bytes:91512106 (87.2 MiB) TX bytes:37550531 (35.8 MiB)
Interrupt:18 Base address:0x2000ifconfig eth0 192.168.57.23/24 配置IP地址
ifconfig eth0:0 192.168.57.238/24 配置第二个IP地址
ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.57.239/24 配置第三个IP地址
……………………………………………………………….
ifconfig eth0 up 启用网卡
ifconfig eth0 down 禁用网卡
ip : 查看，操纵路由、网卡、策略路由、隧道
ip addr show 显示所有激活网卡的信息
[root@unp ~]# ip addr show
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo
inet6 ::1/128 scope host
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:9f:22:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.57.23/24 brd 192.168.57.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
ip addr show eth0 显示指定网卡的信息
[root@unp ~]# ip addr show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:9f:22:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.57.23/24 brd 192.168.57.255 scope global eth0
inet6 fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft foreverip link show eth0 显示指定网卡的链路状态信息
[root@unp ~]# ip link show eth0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:9f:22:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
ip addr add dev eth0 192.168.57.238/24 为网卡增加一个IP
ip addr del dev eth0 192.168.57.238/24 删除一个IP
ip addr flush eth0 to 192.168.57.0/24 删除所有57.0网段的IP
ip link set eth0 [ up | down ] 启用或关闭网卡
ip link set eth0 arp [ on | off ] 启用或关闭网卡arp功能
ip link set eth0 promisc [ on | off ] 启用或关闭网卡混杂模式
ip link set eth0 multicast [ on | off ] 启用或关闭网卡多播功能
ip link eth0 mtu 1500 设置网卡mtu
网卡配置文件：
[root@unp ~]# cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0 #网卡名称
HWADDR=00:50:56:9F:22:36 #网卡MAC地址
TYPE=Ethernet #以太网
UUID=29346e58-7ccc-4489-aeff-6749f34617c0
ONBOOT=yes #开机后启动网卡
NM_CONTROLLED=yes #是否接受NetworkManager脚本控制
BOOTPROTO=static #静态IP
IPADDR=192.168.57.23 #IP地址
NETMASK=255.255.255.0 #子网掩码
GATEWAY=192.168.57.1 #网关
DNS1=8.8.8.8 #DNS
修改完之后，service network restart重新读取配置文件
配置路由：
route:
route –n
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route add –net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.0 gw 192.168.57.2 增加网络路由
[root@unp ~]# route add -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 gw 192.168.57.2
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.57.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route add –host 10.1.1.1 gw 192.168.57.3 增加主机路由
[root@unp ~]# route add -host 10.1.1.1 gw 192.168.57.3
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.1.1.1 192.168.57.3 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.57.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route del –net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0 删除网络路由
[root@unp ~]# route del -net 10.0.0.0 netmask 255.255.255.0
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.1.1.1 192.168.57.3 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route del –host 10.1.1.1 删除主机路由
[root@unp ~]# route del -host 10.1.1.1
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route add default gw 192.168.57.3 增加默认路由
[root@unp ~]# route add default gw 192.168.57.3
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.3 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route del default gw 192.168.57.3 删除默认路由
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
[root@unp ~]# route del default gw 192.168.57.3
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0route –n 显示路由表
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0Destination: 目标网络或目标主机
Gateway: 网关（下一跳路由地址）
Genmask: 目标网络的的子网掩码
Flags:
U: 路由是up的
H: 目标是一个主机
G: 使用网关
R: 动态路由
D: 被进程动态安装的或重定向的
M: 被路由进程修改的或重定向的
A: 被addrconf安装的
C: 缓存条目
!: 被拒绝的路由
Metric: 到目标网络的距离（多少跳）
Ref: 在Linux内核中不使用
Use: 路由被查询的次数
Iface: 路由出接口
ip route: 查看路由
ip route list 查看路由
[root@unp ~]# ip route list
192.168.57.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.57.23 metric 1
default via 192.168.57.1 dev eth0 proto staticip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2 增加网络路由
[root@unp ~]# ip route add 10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2
[root@unp ~]# ip route list
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2 dev eth0
192.168.57.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.57.23 metric 1
default via 192.168.57.1 dev eth0 proto staticip route add 10.1.1.1 via 192.168.57.3 增加主机路由
[root@unp ~]# ip route add 10.1.1.1 via 192.168.57.3
[root@unp ~]# ip route list
10.1.1.1 via 192.168.57.3 dev eth0
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2 dev eth0
192.168.57.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.57.23 metric 1
default via 192.168.57.1 dev eth0 proto staticip route del 10.0.0.0/24 删除网络路由
[root@unp ~]# ip route del 10.0.0.0/24[root@unp ~]# ip route show
10.1.1.1 via 192.168.57.3 dev eth0
192.168.57.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.57.23 metric 1
default via 192.168.57.1 dev eth0 proto staticip route del 10.1.1.1 删除主机路由
[root@unp ~]# ip route del 10.1.1.1
[root@unp ~]# ip route show
192.168.57.0/24 dev eth0 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.57.23 metric 1
default via 192.168.57.1 dev eth0 proto static
通过配置文件配置路由：
vim /etc/sysconfig/network-script/route-eth0
方法一：
10.0.0.0/24 via 192.168.57.2
保存，退出。service network restart
[root@unp network-scripts]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.0.0.0 192.168.57.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0方法二：
ADDRESS0=10.0.0.0
NETMASK0=255.255.255.0
GATEWAY0=192.168.57.2ADDRESS1=10.1.1.1
NETMASK1=255.255.255.255
GATEWAY1=192.168.57.3保存，退出。service network restart
[root@unp ~]# route -n
Kernel IP routing table
Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface
10.1.1.1 192.168.57.3 255.255.255.255 UGH 0 0 0 eth0
10.0.0.0 192.168.57.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0
192.168.57.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 1 0 0 eth0
0.0.0.0 192.168.57.1 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0配置dns:
vim /etc/resolv.conf
[root@unp ~]# cat /etc/resolv.conf
# Generated by NetworkManager
nameserver 8.8.8.8arp:查询arp表：
arp -n
[root@unp ~]# arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
192.168.57.1 ether 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 C eth0
192.168.57.230 ether 00:0c:29:4e:00:f7 C eth0
192.168.57.63 ether 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 C eth0arp –s 192.168.57.5 00:00:22:00:44:55 静态绑定mac地址
[root@unp ~]# arp -s 192.168.57.5 00:00:22:00:44:55
[root@unp ~]# arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
192.168.57.5 ether 00:00:22:00:44:55 CM eth0
192.168.57.1 ether 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 C eth0
192.168.57.230 ether 00:0c:29:4e:00:f7 C eth0
192.168.57.63 ether 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 C eth0arp –d 192.168.57.5
[root@unp ~]# arp -d 192.168.57.5
[root@unp ~]# arp -n
Address HWtype HWaddress Flags Mask Iface
192.168.57.5 (incomplete) eth0
192.168.57.1 ether 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 C eth0
192.168.57.230 ether 00:0c:29:4e:00:f7 C eth0
192.168.57.63 ether 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 C eth0ip neigh: 替代arp的工具
[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show
192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 DELAY
192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALEip neigh add 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0 绑定MAC地址
[root@unp ~]# ip neigh add 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0
[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show
192.168.57.6 dev eth0 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 PERMANENT
192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 REACHABLE
192.168.57.39 dev eth0 lladdr 00:50:56:9f:6e:b6 STALE
192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALEip neigh del 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0 删除绑定的MAC地址
root@unp ~]# ip neigh del 192.168.57.6 lladdr 11:22:33:44:55:66 nud permanent dev eth0
[root@unp ~]# ip neigh show
192.168.57.1 dev eth0 lladdr 00:00:0c:07:ac:00 REACHABLE
192.168.57.39 dev eth0 lladdr 00:50:56:9f:6e:b6 STALE
192.168.57.63 dev eth0 lladdr 1c:6f:65:0a:20:a1 STALEnetstat: 打印网络连接、路由表、接口状态
-t : tcp连接
-u: udp连接
-l : 仅显示侦听的sockets(缺省有些选项）
-n: 数字格式显示
-p: 显示每个socket的PID
-a: 显示所有侦听和不侦听的socket
netstat –r == ip route list
netstat –i == ip –s link
[root@unp ~]# netstat -i
Kernel Interface table
Iface MTU Met RX-OK RX-ERR RX-DRP RX-OVR TX-OK TX-ERR TX-DRP TX-OVR Flg
eth0 1400 0 451374 2 0 0 159066 0 0 0 BMRU
lo 16436 0 374392 0 0 0 374392 0 0 0 LRU
[root@unp ~]# ip -s link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 16436 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
22463520 374392 0 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
22463520 374392 0 0 0 0
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1400 qdisc pfifo_fast state UNKNOWN qlen 1000
link/ether 00:50:56:9f:22:36 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
alias mynet
RX: bytes packets errors dropped overrun mcast
92986751 451401 2 0 0 0
TX: bytes packets errors dropped carrier collsns
38805032 159084 0 0 0 0netstat –tulnap
[root@unp ~]# netstat -tulnap
Active Internet connections (servers and established)
Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State PID/Program name
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:46283 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1464/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:8140 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1766/ruby
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3790 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 2189/nginx
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1420/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1711/sshd
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:631 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1569/cupsd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:3306 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 15781/mysqld
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 192.168.57.63:23845 ESTABLISHED 2058/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60567 ESTABLISHED 23130/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60514 ESTABLISHED 21897/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60568 ESTABLISHED 23151/sshd
tcp 0 52 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60848 ESTABLISHED 25393/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60512 ESTABLISHED 21876/sshd
tcp 0 0 192.168.57.23:22 10.241.19.12:60849 ESTABLISHED 25414/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::111 :::* LISTEN 1420/rpcbind
tcp 0 0 :::38449 :::* LISTEN 1464/rpc.statd
tcp 0 0 :::22 :::* LISTEN 1711/sshd
tcp 0 0 :::23 :::* LISTEN 1719/xinetd
tcp 0 0 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 1569/cupsd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:747 0.0.0.0:* 1420/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:111 0.0.0.0:* 1420/rpcbind
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:631 0.0.0.0:* 1569/cupsd
udp 0 0 192.168.57.23:123 0.0.0.0:* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 127.0.0.1:123 0.0.0.0:* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:123 0.0.0.0:* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:514 0.0.0.0:* 1377/rsyslogd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:792 0.0.0.0:* 1464/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 0.0.0.0:47770 0.0.0.0:* 1464/rpc.statd
udp 0 0 :::747 :::* 1420/rpcbind
udp 0 0 :::111 :::* 1420/rpcbind
udp 0 0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236:123 :::* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 ::1:123 :::* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 :::123 :::* 1727/ntpd
udp 0 0 :::514 :::* 1377/rsyslogd
udp 0 0 :::35147 :::* 1464/rpc.statdProto: socket使用的协议，可以是tcp,udp,raw
Recv-Q: The count of bytes not copied by the user program connected to this socket.
Send-Q:
The count of bytes not acknowledged by the remote host.
Local Address: 本机地址：端口号
Foreign Address: 远程地址：端口号
State: Socket状态
ESTABLISHED: 连接已建立
SYN_SENT: 尝试建立连接，发送syn
SYN_RECV: 接收到syn请求
FIN_WAIT1: socket关闭，连接被关闭
FIN_WAIT2: 连接关闭，socket等待关闭
TIME_WAIT: 连接关闭之后，socket处于等待状态
CLOSED: socket不被使用
CLOSED_WAIT: 远端已经关闭，等待socket关闭
LAST_ACK: 远端已经关闭，sock也已关闭
LISTEN: 侦听状态
CLOSING: Both sockets都已关闭
UNKNOWN: 未知的socket状态
PID/Program: socket所使用的进程ID和进程名称
ss: 替代netstat的工具
-n: 以数字形式显示，不解析服务名
-r: 解析成服务名
-a: 显示所有socket
-l: 显示侦听的socket
-o: 显示timer 信息
-e: 显示详细的socket信息
-m: 显示socket内存使用率
-p: 显示使用socket的进程
-i: 显示内部TCP信息
-s: 显示汇总状态信息
-4 : 仅显示IPv4 socket
-6: 仅显示IPv6 socket
-0: 显示packet socket
-t: 仅显示tcp socket
-u: 仅显示udp socket
-d: 仅显示DCCP socket
-w: 仅显示raw socket
-x: 仅显示 unix domain socket
ss –ta : 显示所有tcp连接
[root@unp ~]# ss -ta
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
LISTEN 0 128 *:46283 *:*
LISTEN 0 5 *:8140 *:*
LISTEN 0 128 *:quickbooksrds *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::sunrpc :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:sunrpc *:*
LISTEN 0 128 :::38449 :::*
LISTEN 0 128 :::ssh :::*
LISTEN 0 128 *:ssh *:*
LISTEN 0 64 :::telnet :::*
LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:ipp *:*
LISTEN 0 128 ::1:ipp :::*
LISTEN 0 50 *:mysql *:*
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 192.168.57.63:23845
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60567
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60568
ESTAB 0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60848
ESTAB 0 52 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60849ss –ua 显示所有udp连接
[root@unp ~]# ss -ua
State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
UNCONN 0 0 *:fujitsu-dev *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:sunrpc *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:ipp *:*
UNCONN 0 0 192.168.57.23:ntp *:*
UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:ntp *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:ntp *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:syslog *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:792 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 *:47770 *:*
UNCONN 0 0 :::fujitsu-dev :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::sunrpc :::*
UNCONN 0 0 fe80::250:56ff:fe9f:2236:ntp :::*
UNCONN 0 0 ::1:ntp :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::ntp :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::syslog :::*
UNCONN 0 0 :::35147 :::*
ss –o state established ‘( sport = :ssh )’ 显示所有已建立的ssh连接[root@unp ~]# ss -o state established ‘( sport = :ssh )‘
Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port
0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 192.168.57.63:23845 timer:(keepalive,70min,0)
0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60567 timer:(keepalive,33min,0)
0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60568 timer:(keepalive,31min,0)
0 0 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60848 timer:(keepalive,35min,0)
0 52 192.168.57.23:ssh 10.241.19.12:60849 timer:(on,365ms,0)
ping: 通过发送ICMP测试网络连接
-c: 定义发送多少次ICMP包
-i: 设置发送每个ICMP包之间的间隔时间（s）,默认是1s
-I: 设置ping的源接口
-q: 静默模式，常用于脚本
-s: 定义包大小，缺省是56byte,最大65535byte
traceroute 网络诊断
-g: 指定必须经过的网关地址
-i: 指定通过哪个网卡发送数据包
traceroute 192.168.100.10
[root@unp ~]# traceroute 192.168.100.10
traceroute to 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10), 30 hops max, 60 byte packets
1 192.168.57.2 (192.168.57.2) 1.185 ms 1.202 ms 1.286 ms
2 10.255.34.1 (10.255.34.1) 0.367 ms 1.144 ms 1.096 ms
3 10.255.32.2 (10.255.32.2) 0.472 ms 0.306 ms 0.277 ms
4 192.168.100.10 (192.168.100.10) 0.578 ms 0.708 ms 0.676 ms
linux网络配置、管理