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Raspberry Pi(树莓派)上从零开始构建Linux系统(简称PiLFS)(三)
九. 系统配置
1. 安装 LFS-Bootscripts-20150222
软件包包含一套在 LFS 系统启动和关闭时的启动和停止脚本。
cd /sources
tar -jxf lfs-bootscripts-20150222.tar.bz2
cd lfs-bootscripts-20150222
make install
cd /sources
rm -rf lfs-bootscripts-20150222
2. 配置系统主机名称
echo "lfs" > /etc/hostname
3. 创建 /etc/hosts
文件
cat > /etc/hosts << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/hosts (network card version)
127.0.0.1 localhost
# End /etc/hosts (network card version)
EOF
4. 配置 Sysvinit
内核初始化期间,第一个运行的程序默认是SysVinit,这个程序读取/etc/inittab
文件
cat > /etc/inittab << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inittab
id:3:initdefault:
si::sysinit:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc S
l0:0:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 0
l1:S1:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 1
l2:2:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 2
l3:3:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 3
l4:4:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 4
l5:5:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 5
l6:6:wait:/etc/rc.d/init.d/rc 6
ca:12345:ctrlaltdel:/sbin/shutdown -t1 -a -r now
su:S016:once:/sbin/sulogin
1:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty --noclear tty1 9600
2:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty2 9600
3:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty3 9600
4:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty4 9600
5:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty5 9600
6:2345:respawn:/sbin/agetty tty6 9600
# End /etc/inittab
EOF
5. 安装 PiLFS-Bootscripts-20160219
软件包包含脚本的集合,以及针对树莓派硬件的一些修复
cd /sources
tar -Jxf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219.tar.xz
cd pilfs-bootscripts-20160219
make install-networkfix install-swapfix install-fake-hwclock install-switch-cpu-governor
cd /sources
rm -rf pilfs-bootscripts-20160219
6. 系统区域设置
cat > /etc/locale.conf << "EOF"
LANG=zh_CN.GB18030
EOF
7. 创建 /etc/inputrc 文件
inputrc
文件的作用是告知系统应该以怎样的键盘布局处理键盘
cat > /etc/inputrc << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/inputrc
# Modified by Chris Lynn <roryo@roryo.dynup.net>
# Allow the command prompt to wrap to the next line
set horizontal-scroll-mode Off
# Enable 8bit input
set meta-flag On
set input-meta On
# Turns off 8th bit stripping
set convert-meta Off
# Keep the 8th bit for display
set output-meta On
# none, visible or audible
set bell-style none
# All of the following map the escape sequence of the value
# contained in the 1st argument to the readline specific functions
"\eOd": backward-word
"\eOc": forward-word
# for linux console
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line
"\e[4~": end-of-line
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history
"\e[6~": end-of-history
"\e[3~": delete-char
"\e[2~": quoted-insert
# for xterm
"\eOH": beginning-of-line
"\eOF": end-of-line
# for Konsole
"\e[H": beginning-of-line
"\e[F": end-of-line
# End /etc/inputrc
EOF
8. 创建 /etc/shells 文件
shells
文件是当前系统所有可用 shell 的列表文件
cat > /etc/shells << "EOF"
# Begin /etc/shells
/bin/sh
/bin/bash
# End /etc/shells
EOF
9. LFS官方文档中还包含了其它可选配置,可按需添加
十. 让LFS系统可引导
1. 创建 /etc/fstab 文件
将宿主系统的分区放到 /home 目录下,第一次引导lfs系统后将不得不清除宿主系统
cat > /etc/fstab << "EOF"# Begin /etc/fstab
# file system mount-point type options dump fsck
# order
/dev/mmcblk0p1 /boot vfat defaults 0 0 /dev/mmcblk0p2 /home ext4 defaults,noatime 0 1 /dev/mmcblk0p3 swap swap pri=1 0 0
/dev/mmcblk0p4 / ext4 defaults,noatime 0 2 proc /proc proc nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 sysfs /sys sysfs nosuid,noexec,nodev 0 0 devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0 tmpfs /run tmpfs defaults 0 0 devtmpfs /dev devtmpfs mode=0755,nosuid 0 0
# End /etc/fstab EOF
2. 内核和引导程序
当你可能可以编译你自己的Linux内核作为构建LFS的一部分时,强烈建议你确保系统首先正确的引导树莓派发行版的内核。
树莓派上没有GRUB,我们代替依赖树莓派发行版的 bootloader 去引导。
退出chroot,编辑 /boot/cmdline.txt
,将 root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 改为
root=/dev/mmcblk0p4
十. 最后
1. 创建 /etc/lfs-release
文件
cat > /etc/lsb-release << "EOF" DISTRIB_ID="Pi Linux From Scratch" DISTRIB_RELEASE="LFS-BOOK-SVN-20161221" DISTRIB_CODENAME="kevin" DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Pi Linux From Scratch" EOF
2. 安装配置 dhcpcd
cd /sources tar -Jxf dhcpcd-6.11.5.tar.xz cd dhcpcd-6.11.5 ./configure --libexecdir=/lib/dhcpcd \ --dbdir=/var/lib/dhcpcd && make make install cd /sources rm -rf dhcpcd-6.11.5
# 有线网络配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.eth0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT="no"
IFACE="eth0"
SERVICE="dhcpcd"
DHCP_START="-b -q"
DHCP_STOP="-k"
EOF
# 无线网络配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/ifconfig.wlan0 << "EOF"
ONBOOT="yes"
IFACE="wlan0"
SERVICE="wpa"
# Additional arguments to wpa_supplicant
WPA_ARGS=""
WPA_SERVICE="dhcpcd"
DHCP_START="-b -q"
DHCP_STOP="-k"
EOF
# wifi配置
cat > /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant-wlan0.conf << "EOF"
network={
ssid="WiFi-name1"
psk="WiFi-password1"
priority=5
}
EOF
3. 安装 OpenSSH
# openssh依赖于openssl库,先安装openssl
cd /sources tar -zxf openssl-1.0.2j.tar.gz cd openssl-1.0.2j ./config --prefix=/usr \ --openssldir=/etc/ssl \ --libdir=lib \ shared \ zlib-dynamic && make depend && make make MANDIR=/usr/share/man MANSUFFIX=ssl install && install -dv -m755 /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2j && cp -vfr doc/* /usr/share/doc/openssl-1.0.2j cd /sources rm -rf openssl-1.0.2j
# 安装openssh cd /sources tar -zxf openssh-7.4p1.tar.gz cd openssh-7.4p1 install -v -m700 -d /var/lib/sshd && chown -v root:sys /var/lib/sshd && groupadd -g 50 sshd && useradd -c ‘sshd PrivSep‘ \ -d /var/lib/sshd \ -g sshd \ -s /bin/false \ -u 50 sshd ./configure --prefix=/usr \ --sysconfdir=/etc/ssh \ --with-md5-passwords \ --with-privsep-path=/var/lib/sshd && make make install && install -v -m755 contrib/ssh-copy-id /usr/bin && install -v -m644 contrib/ssh-copy-id.1 /usr/share/man/man1 && install -v -m755 -d /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.4p1 && install -v -m644 INSTALL LICENCE OVERVIEW README* /usr/share/doc/openssh-7.4p1 cd /sources
rm -rf openssh-7.4p1
# 系统启动时开启ssh服务
cd /sources
tar -Jxf blfs-bootscripts-20160902.tar.xz
cd blfs-bootscripts-20160902
make install-sshd
cd /sources
rm -rf blfs-bootscripts-20160902
4. 重启系统
logout umount -v $LFS/dev/pts umount -v $LFS/dev umount -v $LFS/run umount -v $LFS/proc umount -v $LFS/sys umount -v $LFS shutdown -r now
十一. 如何将PiLFS做成TF卡镜像
1. 需要一台装有Linux系统的PC机
2. 将TF卡上的boot分区和PiLFS分区的内容分别复制到PC机上的bootfiles和lfsfiles文件夹下
3. 利用 gparted 格式化并重新划分TF卡:
/dev/sdb1 50M FAT32 boot分区
/dev/sdb2 2G EXT4 PiLFS分区
4. 使用 parted -l 命令查看并取得boot分区的开始位置(bootStart)和PiLFS分区的结束位置(lfsEnd)
5. 将bootfiles和lfsfiles文件夹下的内容分别复制到重新划分的boot分区和PiLFS分区
6. 利用dd命令将TF卡做成镜像:
dd if=/dev/sdb of=mylfs.img bs=1M count=2098
其中,bs为bootStart的值,count为lfsEnd的值
Raspberry Pi(树莓派)上从零开始构建Linux系统(简称PiLFS)(三)