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PlaceHolder的两种实现方式

placeholder属性是HTML5 中为input添加的。在input上提供一个占位符,文字形式展示输入字段预期值的提示信息(hint),该字段会在输入为空时显示。

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<input type="text" name="loginName" placeholder="邮箱/手机号/QQ号">

 

目前浏览器的支持情况

浏览器 IE6/7/8/9 IE10+ Firefox Chrome Safari 
是否支持 NO YES YES YES YES

 

然而,虽然IE10+支持placeholder属性,它的表现与其它浏览器也不一致

  • IE10+里鼠标点击时(获取焦点)placeholder文本消失
  • Firefox/Chrome/Safari点击不消失,而是键盘输入时文本消失

 

这相当恶心,如果使用了placeholder属性。产品经理还是不依不饶,会讲为什么IE里是点击的时候提示文本消失,Chrome里却是键盘输入的时候提示文本消失。要求前端工程师改成一样的表现形式。鉴于此,以下两种实现方式均不采用原生的placeholder属性。

 

两种方式的思路

  1. (方式一)使用input的value作为显示文本
  2. (方式二)不使用value,添加一个额外的标签(span)到body里然后绝对定位覆盖到input上面

两种方式各有优缺点,方式一占用了input的value属性,表单提交时需要额外做一些判断工作,方式二则使用了额外的标签。

 

方式一

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/**
 * PlaceHolder组件
 * $(input).placeholder({
 *   word:     // @string 提示文本
 *   color:    // @string 文本颜色
 *   evtType:  // @string focus|keydown 触发placeholder的事件类型
 * })
 *
 * NOTE:
 *   evtType默认是focus,即鼠标点击到输入域时默认文本消失,keydown则模拟HTML5 placeholder属性在Firefox/Chrome里的特征,光标定位到输入域后键盘输入时默认文本才消失。
 *   此外,对于HTML5 placeholder属性,IE10+和Firefox/Chrome/Safari的表现形式也不一致,因此内部实现不采用原生placeholder属性
 */
$.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {
    var settings = $.extend({
        word: ‘‘,
        color: ‘#ccc‘,
        evtType: ‘focus‘
    }, option)
 
    function bootstrap($that) {
        // some alias
        var word    = settings.word
        var color   = settings.color
        var evtType = settings.evtType
 
        // default
        var defColor = $that.css(‘color‘)
        var defVal   = $that.val()
 
        if (defVal == ‘‘ || defVal == word) {
            $that.css({color: color}).val(word)
        } else {
            $that.css({color: defColor})
        }
 
        function switchStatus(isDef) {
            if (isDef) {
                $that.val(‘‘).css({color: defColor})   
            } else {
                $that.val(word).css({color: color})
            }
        }
        function asFocus() {
            $that.bind(evtType, function() {
                var txt = $that.val()
                if (txt == word) {
                    switchStatus(true)
                }
            }).bind(‘blur‘, function() {
                var txt = $that.val()
                if (txt == ‘‘) {
                    switchStatus(false)
                }
            })
        }
        function asKeydown() {
            $that.bind(‘focus‘, function() {
                var elem = $that[0]
                var val  = $that.val()
                if (val == word) {
                    setTimeout(function() {
                        // 光标定位到首位
                        $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0})
                    }, 10)                 
                }
            })
        }
 
        if (evtType == ‘focus‘) {
            asFocus()
        } else if (evtType == ‘keydown‘) {
            asKeydown()
        }
 
        // keydown事件里处理placeholder
        $that.keydown(function() {
            var val = $that.val()
            if (val == word) {
                switchStatus(true)
            }
        }).keyup(function() {
            var val = $that.val()
            if (val == ‘‘) {
                switchStatus(false)
                $that.setCursorPosition({index: 0})
            }
        })
    }
 
    return this.each(function() {
        var $elem = $(this)
        bootstrap($elem)
        if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)
    })
}

线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/b.html

会用到 setCursorPosition。

 

方式二 

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$.fn.placeholder = function(option, callback) {
    var settings = $.extend({
        word: ‘‘,
        color: ‘#999‘,
        evtType: ‘focus‘,
        zIndex: 20,
        diffPaddingLeft: 3
    }, option)
 
    function bootstrap($that) {
        // some alias
        var word    = settings.word
        var color   = settings.color
        var evtType = settings.evtType
        var zIndex  = settings.zIndex
        var diffPaddingLeft = settings.diffPaddingLeft
 
        // default css
        var width       = $that.outerWidth()
        var height      = $that.outerHeight()
        var fontSize    = $that.css(‘font-size‘)
        var fontFamily  = $that.css(‘font-family‘)
        var paddingLeft = $that.css(‘padding-left‘)
 
        // process
        paddingLeft = parseInt(paddingLeft, 10) + diffPaddingLeft
 
        // redner
        var $placeholder = $(‘<span class="placeholder">‘)
        $placeholder.css({
            position: ‘absolute‘,
            zIndex: ‘20‘,
            color: color,
            width: (width - paddingLeft) + ‘px‘,
            height: height + ‘px‘,
            fontSize: fontSize,
            paddingLeft: paddingLeft + ‘px‘,
            fontFamily: fontFamily
        }).text(word).hide()
 
        // 位置调整
        move()
 
        // textarea 不加line-heihgt属性
        if ($that.is(‘input‘)) {
            $placeholder.css({
                lineHeight: height + ‘px‘
            })
        }
        $placeholder.appendTo(document.body)
 
        // 内容为空时才显示,比如刷新页面输入域已经填入了内容时
        var val = $that.val()
        if ( val == ‘‘ && $that.is(‘:visible‘) ) {
            $placeholder.show()
        }
 
        function hideAndFocus() {
            $placeholder.hide()
            $that[0].focus()
        }
        function move() {
            var offset = $that.offset()
            var top    = offset.top
            var left   = offset.left
            $placeholder.css({
                top: top,
                left: left
            })
        }
        function asFocus() {
            $placeholder.click(function() {
                hideAndFocus()
                // 盖住后无法触发input的click事件,需要模拟点击下
                setTimeout(function(){
                    $that.click()
                }, 100)
            })
            // IE有些bug,原本不用加此句
            $that.click(hideAndFocus)
            $that.blur(function() {
                var txt = $that.val()
                if (txt == ‘‘) {
                    $placeholder.show()
                }
            })
        }
        function asKeydown() {
            $placeholder.click(function() {
                $that[0].focus()
            })
        }
 
        if (evtType == ‘focus‘) {
            asFocus()
        } else if (evtType == ‘keydown‘) {
            asKeydown()
        }
 
        $that.keyup(function() {
            var txt = $that.val()
            if (txt == ‘‘) {
                $placeholder.show()
            } else {
                $placeholder.hide()
            }
        })
 
        // 窗口缩放时处理
        $(window).resize(function() {
            move()
        })
 
        // cache
        $that.data(‘el‘, $placeholder)
        $that.data(‘move‘, move)
 
    }
 
    return this.each(function() {
        var $elem = $(this)
        bootstrap($elem)
        if ($.isFunction(callback)) callback($elem)
    })
}  

线上示例:http://snandy.github.io/lib/ui/demo/placeholder/a.html

 

方式2 对于以下场景不适合

1. input初始隐藏

  此时无法取到input的offset,继而无法定位span到input上面。

2. 包含input的页面dom结构发生变化

  比如页面里删除了一些元素或添加了一些元素,导致input向上或向下偏移,而此时span则没有偏移(span相对body定位)。这比较恶心,可以考虑把span作为input的兄弟元素,即相对内层div定位(而不是body)。但这样必须强制给外层div添加position:relative,添加后可能会对页面布局产生一定影响。

 

相关:

http://www.w3.org/TR/2009/WD-html5-20090825/forms.html#the-placeholder-attribute

https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/Element/input#attr-placeholder

PlaceHolder的两种实现方式