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tomcat的session问题

    记录客户端操作我们一般使用cookie进行客户身份识别,session存储客户端的信息,session保存在服务器端。当我们负载均衡服务后,客户端请求定位到另外一台服务器,session信息在另外一台服务器上,为保证我们可以记录客户端进行的操作,我们一般有三种解决方式

     第一种,session绑定,希望同一客户端的请求发往同一服务器,这样会破坏负载均衡效果。这种解决方法虽然有缺陷但是也是一种解决方法。

     第二种,session cluster,构建一个session保存集群,提供同类型服务的服务器都把session共享,每个服务器一份。

     第三种,session server,准备一个服务器保存session,然后其他服务器都到session服务器上取。

     接下来,分布介绍他们怎么实现

环境准备

     准备三台主机,他们之间的关系图如图1.1

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图1.1

TomcatA的安装脚本

yum install tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-lib tomcat-admin-webapps
mkdir -pv /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
cat > /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp <<eof
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
  <head><title>TomcatA</title></head>
  <body>
    <h1><font color="red">TomcatA.magedu.com</font></h1>
    <table align="centre" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td>Session ID</td>
    <% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
        <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Created on</td>
        <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
     </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>
eof

还要配置Tomcat

vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
#在host配置段中添加如下一行
<Context path="/test" appBase="/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/" reloadable="true"/>
#更改这一行
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatA">

TomcatB的安装脚本

yum install tomcat tomcat-webapps tomcat-lib tomcat-admin-webapps
mkdir -pv /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/WEB-INF/{classes,lib}
cat > /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/index.jsp <<eof
<%@ page language="java" %>
<html>
  <head><title>TomcatB</title></head>
  <body>
    <h1><font color="blue">TomcatB.magedu.com</font></h1>
    <table align="centre" border="1">
      <tr>
        <td>Session ID</td>
    <% session.setAttribute("magedu.com","magedu.com"); %>
        <td><%= session.getId() %></td>
      </tr>
      <tr>
        <td>Created on</td>
        <td><%= session.getCreationTime() %></td>
     </tr>
    </table>
  </body>
</html>
eof


还要配置Tomcat

vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
#在host配置段中添加如下一行
<Context path="/test" appBase="/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/" reloadable="true"/>
#更改这一行
<Engine name="Catalina" defaultHost="localhost" jvmRoute="TomcatB">

session绑定的实现方法

     session绑定的实现方法有三种,

第一种

使用Nginx的做反向代理,添加如下内容就可

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#在http配置段中添加一个
    upstream tomcat {
        server 172.16.29.10:8080;
        server 172.16.29.20:8080;
        ip_hash;
    }
#在这个location调用upstream定义的负载均衡的两个服务器
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat;
        }


第二种

使用http的http反向代理模块,这里的会话绑定使用的是cookie

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tc.conf
Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e;path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
<Proxy balancer://tomcat>
    BalancerMember  http://172.16.29.10:8080 route=TomcatA loadfactor=1
    BalancerMember  http://172.16.29.20:8080 route=TomcatB loadfactor=1
    ProxySet  lbmethod=byrequests
    ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName      tc
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyVia        On
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    <Proxy *>
        Require all granted
    </Proxy>
    ProxyPass / balancer://tomcat:8080/
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://tomcat:8080/
    <Location />
        Require all granted
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>


第三种,使用http的ajp反向代理模块

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/tc.conf
Header add Set-Cookie "ROUTEID=.%{BALANCER_WORKER_ROUTE}e;path=/" env=BALANCER_ROUTE_CHANGED
<Proxy balancer://tomcat>
    BalancerMember  ajp://172.16.29.10:8009 route=TomcatA loadfactor=1
    BalancerMember  ajp://172.16.29.20:8009 route=TomcatB loadfactor=1
    ProxySet  lbmethod=byrequests
    ProxySet stickysession=ROUTEID
</Proxy>
<VirtualHost *:80>
    ServerName      tc
    ProxyRequests Off
    ProxyVia        On
    ProxyPreserveHost On
    <Proxy *>
        Require all granted
    </Proxy>
    ProxyPass / balancer://tomcat/
    ProxyPassReverse / balancer://tomcat/
    <Location />
        Require all granted
    </Location>
</VirtualHost>

网页管理工具

vim /etc/httpd/conf.d/balancer.conf
<Location /balancer-manager>
    SetHandler balancer-manager
    ProxyPass !
    Require all granted
</Location>

然后访问172.16.29.2/balancer-manager

session cluster的实现

实现session cluster使用的是,tomcat自带的cluster工具

在TomcatA的配置

 vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
# 在Engine字段中添加如下内容
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
         channelSendOptions="8">
  <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
           expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
           notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
  <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
    <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                address="228.0.120.14"
                port="45564"
                frequency="500"
                dropTime="3000"/>
    <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
              address="172.16.29.10"
              port="4000"
              autoBind="100"
              selectorTimeout="5000"
              maxThreads="6"/>
    <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
      <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
    </Sender>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
  </Channel>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
         filter=""/>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
  <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
            tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
            deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
            watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
            watchEnabled="false"/>
  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
vim /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/WEB-INF/web.xml
# 在servlet字段前加如下内容
<distributable/>
在TomcatB的配置
 vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
在Engine字段中添加如下内容
<Cluster className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.SimpleTcpCluster"
         channelSendOptions="8">
  <Manager className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.DeltaManager"
           expireSessionsOnShutdown="false"
           notifyListenersOnReplication="true"/>
  <Channel className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.GroupChannel">
    <Membership className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.membership.McastService"
                address="228.0.120.14"
                port="45564"
                frequency="500"
                dropTime="3000"/>
    <Receiver className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.NioReceiver"
              address="172.16.29.20"
              port="4000"
              autoBind="100"
              selectorTimeout="5000"
              maxThreads="6"/>
    <Sender className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.ReplicationTransmitter">
      <Transport className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.transport.nio.PooledParallelSender"/>
    </Sender>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.TcpFailureDetector"/>
    <Interceptor className="org.apache.catalina.tribes.group.interceptors.MessageDispatch15Interceptor"/>
  </Channel>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.tcp.ReplicationValve"
         filter=""/>
  <Valve className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteBinderValve"/>
  <Deployer className="org.apache.catalina.ha.deploy.FarmWarDeployer"
            tempDir="/tmp/war-temp/"
            deployDir="/tmp/war-deploy/"
            watchDir="/tmp/war-listen/"
            watchEnabled="false"/>
  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.JvmRouteSessionIDBinderListener"/>
  <ClusterListener className="org.apache.catalina.ha.session.ClusterSessionListener"/>
</Cluster>
vim /var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/WEB-INF/web.xml
# 在servlet字段前加如下内容
<distributable/>


session server的配置

     这里的session server选择memcached,架构图如图1.2

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图1.2

TomcatA和B的配置一样如下

vim /etc/tomcat/server.xml
# 把原本的<Context>字段替换为如下的
        <Context path="/test" appBase="/var/lib/tomcat/webapps/test/" reloadable="true">
            <Manager className="de.javakaffee.web.msm.MemcachedBackupSessionManager"
            memcachedNodes="n1:172.16.29.30:11211,n2:172.16.29.40:11211"
            failoverNodes="n1"
            requestUriIgnorePattern=".*\.(ico|png|gif|jpg|css|js)$"
            transcoderFactoryClass="de.javakaffee.web.msm.serializer.javolution.JavolutionTranscoderFactory"
            />
        </Context>

同时提供调用的模块,调用模块调用模块的地址如下http://down.51cto.com/data/2287135,这里的模块仅适用于Tomcat7

下载完导入/usr/share/java/tomcat/目录下就可以了

Tomcat8的把memcached-session-manager-tc7-1.8.3.jar替换为memcached-session-manager-tc8-1.8.3.jar就可以了,地址http://down.51cto.com/data/2287136


两个memcached配置

yum install memcached
systemtcl start memcached

使用Nginx的做反向代理

vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
#在http配置段中添加一个
    upstream tomcat {
        server 172.16.29.10:8080;
        server 172.16.29.20:8080;
    }
#在这个location调用upstream定义的负载均衡的两个服务器
        location / {
            proxy_pass http://tomcat;
        }




本文出自 “老王linux旅程” 博客,请务必保留此出处http://oldking.blog.51cto.com/10402759/1896885

tomcat的session问题