<listener>
        <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

ContextLoaderListener.java extends ContextLoader implements ServletContextListener 

public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent event) {
		this.contextLoader = createContextLoader();
		if (this.contextLoader == null) {
			this.contextLoader = this;
		}
		this.contextLoader.initWebApplicationContext(event.getServletContext());
}

• 基于 XML 文件的配置方式
  
• 基于 Annotation 的配置方式
  
• 基于 Java Code 的配置方式
  
• 用户自定义的配置方式
  

ContextLoader.java

static {
		// Load default strategy implementations from properties file.
		// This is currently strictly internal and not meant to be customized
		// by application developers.
		try {
			ClassPathResource resource = new ClassPathResource(DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH, ContextLoader.class); 
            //private static final String DEFAULT_STRATEGIES_PATH = "ContextLoader.properties";
			defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource);
		}
		catch (IOException ex) {
			throw new IllegalStateException("Could not load ‘ContextLoader.properties‘: " + ex.getMessage());
		}
}

ContextLoader.properties

org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext=org.springframework.web.context.support.XmlWebApplicationContext

ContextLoader.java

// Store context in local instance variable, to guarantee that
// it is available on ServletContext shutdown.
this.context = createWebApplicationContext(servletContext, parent);

ContextLoader.java

protected WebApplicationContext createWebApplicationContext(ServletContext sc, ApplicationContext parent) {
		//step1
        Class<?> contextClass = determineContextClass(sc);
		if (!ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.isAssignableFrom(contextClass)) {
			throw new ApplicationContextException("Custom context class [" + contextClass.getName() +
					"] is not of type [" + ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.class.getName() + "]");
		}
 
        //step2
		ConfigurableWebApplicationContext wac =
				(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext) BeanUtils.instantiateClass(contextClass);
		// Assign the best possible id value.
		if (sc.getMajorVersion() == 2 && sc.getMinorVersion() < 5) {
			// Servlet <= 2.4: resort to name specified in web.xml, if any.
			String servletContextName = sc.getServletContextName();
			wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
					ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(servletContextName));
		}
		else {
			// Servlet 2.5‘s getContextPath available!
			try {
				String contextPath = (String) ServletContext.class.getMethod("getContextPath").invoke(sc);
				wac.setId(ConfigurableWebApplicationContext.APPLICATION_CONTEXT_ID_PREFIX +
						ObjectUtils.getDisplayString(contextPath));
			}
			catch (Exception ex) {
				throw new IllegalStateException("Failed to invoke Servlet 2.5 getContextPath method", ex);
			}
		}
		//step3
        wac.setParent(parent);
		wac.setServletContext(sc);
		wac.setConfigLocation(sc.getInitParameter(CONFIG_LOCATION_PARAM));
		customizeContext(sc, wac);
		
        //step4
        wac.refresh();
		return wac;
}

ContextLoader.java

protected Class<?> determineContextClass(ServletContext servletContext) {
		String contextClassName = servletContext.getInitParameter(CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM); //CONTEXT_CLASS_PARAM = "contextClass"
		if (contextClassName != null) {
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ClassUtils.getDefaultClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load custom context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
		else {
			contextClassName = defaultStrategies.getProperty(WebApplicationContext.class.getName()); 
            //defaultStrategies = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); defaultStrategies也就是静态代码块中初始化的默认工具类XmlWebApplicationContext 
			try {
				return ClassUtils.forName(contextClassName, ContextLoader.class.getClassLoader());
			}
			catch (ClassNotFoundException ex) {
				throw new ApplicationContextException(
						"Failed to load default context class [" + contextClassName + "]", ex);
			}
		}
}

AbstractApplicationContext.java

protected ConfigurableListableBeanFactory obtainFreshBeanFactory() {
		refreshBeanFactory();
		ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = getBeanFactory();
		if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			logger.debug("Bean factory for " + getDisplayName() + ": " + beanFactory);
		}
		return beanFactory;
}

DefaultBeanDefinitionDocumentReader.java

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {
		if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(root)) {
			NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes(); //将节点获取存入collection
			for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) { //对collection中存储的节点进行依次遍历
				Node node = nl.item(i); //返回当前序号的节点
				if (node instanceof Element) { //判断节点是否属于元素类（我们不需要文本型）（参考文章《Java是如何解析xml文件的（DOM）》）
					Element ele = (Element) node;
                    //判断是否为默认的命名空间，其实就是根据配置文件的命名空间来判定
                    //如果是beans下的则认为是默认的命名空间，如果不是则认为是自定义的，我们使用的Aop、Tx等都是属于自定义标签的范畴
					if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) { 
						parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate); //进行解析
					}
					else {
						delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);
					}
				}
			}
		}
		else {
			delegate.parseCustomElement(root);
		}
}

AbstractApplicationContext.java

protected void finishBeanFactoryInitialization(ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory) {
		// Initialize conversion service for this context.
		if (beanFactory.containsBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME) &&
				beanFactory.isTypeMatch(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class)) {
			beanFactory.setConversionService(
					beanFactory.getBean(CONVERSION_SERVICE_BEAN_NAME, ConversionService.class));
		}
		// Initialize LoadTimeWeaverAware beans early to allow for registering their transformers early.
		String[] weaverAwareNames = beanFactory.getBeanNamesForType(LoadTimeWeaverAware.class, false, false);
		for (String weaverAwareName : weaverAwareNames) {
			getBean(weaverAwareName);
		}
		// Stop using the temporary ClassLoader for type matching.
		beanFactory.setTempClassLoader(null);
		// Allow for caching all bean definition metadata, not expecting further changes.
		beanFactory.freezeConfiguration();
		// Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.
		beanFactory.preInstantiateSingletons();
}

DefaultListableBeanFactory.java

public void preInstantiateSingletons() throws BeansException {
		if (this.logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
			this.logger.debug("Pre-instantiating singletons in " + this);
		}
		List<String> beanNames;
		synchronized (this.beanDefinitionMap) {
			// Iterate over a copy to allow for init methods which in turn register new bean definitions.
			// While this may not be part of the regular factory bootstrap, it does otherwise work fine.
			beanNames = new ArrayList<String>(this.beanDefinitionNames);
		}
		// Trigger initialization of all non-lazy singleton beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) { //将加载进来的beanDefinitionNames循环分析
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) { //如果不是抽象类, 且是单例, 且不是延迟加载
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) {
					final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName);
					boolean isEagerInit;
					if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
						isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
							@Override
							public Boolean run() {
								return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
							}
						}, getAccessControlContext());
					}
					else {
						isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
								((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
					}
					if (isEagerInit) {
						getBean(beanName);
					}
				}
				else {
					getBean(beanName);
				}
			}
		}
		// Trigger post-initialization callback for all applicable beans...
		for (String beanName : beanNames) {
			Object singletonInstance = getSingleton(beanName);
			if (singletonInstance instanceof SmartInitializingSingleton) {
				final SmartInitializingSingleton smartSingleton = (SmartInitializingSingleton) singletonInstance;
				if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
					AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Object>() {
						@Override
						public Object run() {
							smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
							return null;
						}
					}, getAccessControlContext());
				}
				else {
					smartSingleton.afterSingletonsInstantiated();
				}
			}
		}
}

for (String beanName : beanNames) { //将加载进来的beanDefinitionNames循环分析
			RootBeanDefinition bd = getMergedLocalBeanDefinition(beanName);
			if (!bd.isAbstract() && bd.isSingleton() && !bd.isLazyInit()) { //如果不是抽象类, 且是单例, 且不是延迟加载
				if (isFactoryBean(beanName)) { //是否实现FactoryBean接口
					final FactoryBean<?> factory = (FactoryBean<?>) getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName); 
					boolean isEagerInit;
					if (System.getSecurityManager() != null && factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean) {
						isEagerInit = AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Boolean>() {
							@Override
							public Boolean run() {
								return ((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit();
							}
						}, getAccessControlContext());
					}
					else {
						isEagerInit = (factory instanceof SmartFactoryBean &&
								((SmartFactoryBean<?>) factory).isEagerInit());
					}
					if (isEagerInit) {
						getBean(beanName);
					}
				}
				else {
					getBean(beanName);
				}
			}
}

• 判断这个bean是否是抽象类，是否是单例，是否延迟加载
  
• 如果不是抽象类, 且是单例, 且不是延迟加载，那么判断是否实现 FactoryBean 接口
  
• 如果实现了 FactoryBean，则 getBean(FACTORY_BEAN_PREFIX + beanName)，否则 getBean(beanName)

• 创建一个bean的实例
• 将这个实例封装到BeanWrapper中