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IMAP协议学习
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一次IMAP4rev1连接组成:
1、建立客户端到服务器的网络连接;
2、服务器初始欢迎;
3、剩下就是重复客户端、服务器的交互, 交互基本形式为:
客户端发送命令
服务器返回请求数据
服务器返回完成响应
客户端命令引发操作。每个客户端命令以一个标识作为前缀(典型的有字母、数字构成的短字符串,如:A0001,A0002,等等)――它称为“标签”。客户端为每个命令生成不同的“标签”,也称每个客户端命令都是标签化的。
IMAP4rev1服务器端的协议接收端,从客户端读取命令行,解析该命令行及其参数,并传送服务器数据(非标签化,以*或+开头)及一个服务器命令(标签化,有与客户端请求命令相同的前缀)完成结果的响应。
协议概述:
一旦客户端和服务器间的连接建立完成,一个IMAP4rev1连接就会处于4种状态中的某一种。
1.未认证状态 :在未认证状态下,大多数命令在得到许可前,客户端必须提供认证证书。若非连接已经是预认证了的,一个连接开始时,就进入了未认证状态。
2. 认证状态 :在认证状态下,客户端是认证了的,它必须先于影响邮件的命令被许可前,选择一个邮箱以访问。当一个预认证连接开始,被认可的认证证书已经提供,选择一个邮箱发生错误后,或者一个成功的CLOSE命令后,就进入了认证状态。
3. 选中状态 :在一个选中状态,一个邮箱被选中以访问。当一个邮箱被成功选中时,就进入了这个状态。
4. 注销状态 :在注销状态下,连接正在被终止。一个客户端请求(通过LOGOUT命令),或者客户端、服务器的单方面动作,都会导致进入这个状态。
之所以提及到状态,是因为IMAP协议的很多指令只有在处于某种状态下才会有效。下面我就为大家罗列一下指令的作用的权限吧。
1.在任何状态下都有效的指令(全局命令):CAPALIBILY,NOOP,LOGOUT。
2.未认证状态下有效的指令(未认证状态命令):STARTTLS,AUTHENTICATE,LOGIN和全局命令。
3.认证状态下有效的指令(认证状态命令):SELECT,EXAMINE,CREATE,DELETE,RENAME,SUBSCRIBE,UNSUBSCRIBE,LIST,LSUB,STATUS,APPEND和全局命令
4.在选中状态下有效的指令(选中状态指令):CHECK,CLOSE,EXPUNGE,SEARCH,FETCH,STORE,COPY,UID和全局命令、认证状态命令
IMAP命令、响应、语法:
固定格式,可直接参考IMAP协议RFC3501中文文档 6、7、9章;
实例:
一个用telnet操作imap命令的实例
1 * OK Coremail System IMap Server Ready(126com[75c606d72bf436dfbce6e08e565f41f7]) 2 3 C1 LOGIN username@126.com "password" 4 5 C1 OK LOGIN completed 6 7 C2 CAPABILITY 8 9 * CAPABILITY IMAP4rev1 XLIST SPECIAL-USE ID LITERAL+ STARTTLS XAPPLEPUSHSERVICE UIDPLUS X-CM-EXT-1 10 11 C2 OK CAPABILITY completed 12 13 C3 LIST "" * 14 15 * LIST () "/" "INBOX" 16 17 * LIST (\Drafts) "/" "&g0l6P3ux-" 18 19 * LIST (\Sent) "/" "&XfJT0ZAB-" 20 21 * LIST (\Trash) "/" "&XfJSIJZk-" 22 23 * LIST (\Junk) "/" "&V4NXPpCuTvY-" 24 25 * LIST () "/" "&dcVr0pCuTvY-" 26 27 * LIST () "/" "&V4NXPnux-" 28 29 * LIST () "/" "&U9GQAQ-" 30 31 C3 OK LIST Completed 32 33 C4 LSUB "" * 34 35 C4 OK LSUB Completed 36 37 C5 NOOP 38 39 C5 OK NOOP completed 40 41 C6 STATUS "INBOX" (MESSAGES RECENT UIDVALIDITY) 42 43 * STATUS "INBOX" (MESSAGES 32 RECENT 0 UIDVALIDITY 1) 44 45 C6 OK STATUS completed 46 47 C7 STATUS "&g0l6P3ux-" (MESSAGES RECENT UIDVALIDITY) 48 49 * STATUS "&g0l6P3ux-" (MESSAGES 1 RECENT 0 UIDVALIDITY 2) 50 51 C7 OK STATUS completed 52 53 C8 STATUS "&XfJT0ZAB-" (MESSAGES RECENT UIDVALIDITY) 54 55 * STATUS "&XfJT0ZAB-" (MESSAGES 8 RECENT 0 UIDVALIDITY 3) 56 57 C8 OK STATUS completed 58 59 C9 STATUS "&XfJSIJZk-" (MESSAGES RECENT UIDVALIDITY) 60 61 * STATUS "&XfJSIJZk-" (MESSAGES 0 RECENT 0 UIDVALIDITY 4) 62 63 C9 OK STATUS completed 64 65 C10 STATUS "&V4NXPpCuTvY-" (MESSAGES RECENT UIDVALIDITY) 66 67 * STATUS "&V4NXPpCuTvY-" (MESSAGES 0 RECENT 0 UIDVALIDITY 5) 68 69 C10 OK STATUS completed 70 71 C11 NOOP 72 73 C11 OK NOOP completed 74 75 C12 SELECT "INBOX" 76 77 * 32 EXISTS 78 79 * 0 RECENT 80 81 * OK [UIDVALIDITY 1] UIDs valid 82 83 * FLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged) 84 85 * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)] Limited 86 87 C12 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed 88 89 C13 FETCH 1:32 (UID) 90 91 * 1 FETCH (UID 1407140116) 92 93 * 2 FETCH (UID 1407140117) 94 95 * 3 FETCH (UID 1407140118) 96 97 * 4 FETCH (UID 1407140119) 98 99 * 5 FETCH (UID 1407140120)100 101 * 6 FETCH (UID 1407140121)102 103 * 7 FETCH (UID 1407140122)104 105 * 8 FETCH (UID 1407140123)106 107 * 9 FETCH (UID 1407140124)108 109 * 10 FETCH (UID 1407140125)110 111 * 11 FETCH (UID 1407140126)112 113 * 12 FETCH (UID 1407140127)114 115 * 13 FETCH (UID 1407140128)116 117 * 14 FETCH (UID 1407140129)118 119 * 15 FETCH (UID 1407140130)120 121 * 16 FETCH (UID 1407140131)122 123 * 17 FETCH (UID 1407140132)124 125 * 18 FETCH (UID 1407140133)126 127 * 19 FETCH (UID 1407140134)128 129 * 20 FETCH (UID 1407140135)130 131 * 21 FETCH (UID 1407140136)132 133 * 22 FETCH (UID 1407140137)134 135 * 23 FETCH (UID 1407140138)136 137 * 24 FETCH (UID 1407140139)138 139 * 25 FETCH (UID 1407140140)140 141 * 26 FETCH (UID 1407140141)142 143 * 27 FETCH (UID 1407140142)144 145 * 28 FETCH (UID 1407140143)146 147 * 29 FETCH (UID 1407140144)148 149 * 30 FETCH (UID 1407140145)150 151 * 31 FETCH (UID 1407140146)152 153 * 32 FETCH (UID 1407140147)154 155 C13 OK Fetch completed156 157 C14 NOOP158 159 C14 OK NOOP completed160 161 C15 SELECT "&g0l6P3ux-"162 163 * 1 EXISTS164 165 * 0 RECENT166 167 * OK [UIDVALIDITY 2] UIDs valid168 169 * FLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)170 171 * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)] Limited172 173 C15 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed174 175 C16 FETCH 1:1 (UID)176 177 * 1 FETCH (UID 1407141539)178 179 C16 OK Fetch completed180 181 C17 NOOP182 183 C17 OK NOOP completed184 185 C18 SELECT "&XfJT0ZAB-"186 187 * 8 EXISTS188 189 * 0 RECENT190 191 * OK [UIDVALIDITY 3] UIDs valid192 193 * FLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)194 195 * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)] Limited196 197 C18 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed198 199 C19 FETCH 1:8 (UID)200 201 * 1 FETCH (UID 1407140524)202 203 * 2 FETCH (UID 1407140525)204 205 * 3 FETCH (UID 1407140526)206 207 * 4 FETCH (UID 1407140527)208 209 * 5 FETCH (UID 1407140528)210 211 * 6 FETCH (UID 1407140529)212 213 * 7 FETCH (UID 1407140530)214 215 * 8 FETCH (UID 1407140531)216 217 C19 OK Fetch completed218 219 C20 NOOP220 221 C20 OK NOOP completed222 223 C21 SELECT "&XfJSIJZk-"224 225 * 0 EXISTS226 227 * 0 RECENT228 229 * OK [UIDVALIDITY 4] UIDs valid230 231 * FLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)232 233 * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)] Limited234 235 C21 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed236 237 C22 NOOP238 239 C22 OK NOOP completed240 241 C23 SELECT "&V4NXPpCuTvY-"242 243 * 0 EXISTS244 245 * 0 RECENT246 247 * OK [UIDVALIDITY 5] UIDs valid248 249 * FLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)250 251 * OK [PERMANENTFLAGS (\Answered \Seen \Deleted \Draft \Flagged)] Limited252 253 C23 OK [READ-WRITE] SELECT completed254 255 * OK Coremail System IMap Server Ready(126com[75c606d72bf436dfbce6e08e565f41f7])
参考资料:IMAP协议RFC3501中文文档
IMAP协议指令学习以及代码(C/C++)示例
IMAP协议学习