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python urllib模块

1.urllib.urlopen(url[,data[,proxies]])

打开一个url的方法,返回一个文件对象,然后可以进行类似文件对象的操作。本例试着打开google

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com")
5 f = response.readline() #读取html第一行
6 print f
代码

返回结果

<!DOCTYPE html>

 

urlopen返回对象提供方法:

-         read() , readline() ,readlines() , fileno() , close() :这些方法的使用方式与文件对象完全一样

-         info():返回一个httplib.HTTPMessage对象,表示远程服务器返回的头信息

-         getcode():返回Http状态码。如果是http请求,200请求成功完成;404网址未找到

-         geturl():返回请求的url

 

2.urllib.urlretrieve(url[,filename[,reporthook[,data]]])

urlretrieve方法将url定位到的html文件下载到你本地的硬盘中。如果不指定filename,则会存为临时文件。

urlretrieve()返回一个二元组(filename,mine_hdrs)

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com")
5 print type(response)
6 print response[0]
7 print response[1]
临时存放 代码
技术分享
 1 <type tuple>
 2 /tmp/tmp8eVLjq
 3 Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:44:05 GMT
 4 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 5 Connection: Close
 6 Vary: Accept-Encoding
 7 Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
 8 Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
 9 Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299445; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
10 Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
11 Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
12 Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=22104_1420_21124_17001_22035; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
13 P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
14 Cache-Control: private
15 Cxy_all: baidu+90e29a03609778c29a3b33c9fc46b4a8
16 Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:43:31 GMT
17 X-Powered-By: HPHP
18 Server: BWS/1.1
19 X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
20 BDPAGETYPE: 1
21 BDQID: 0xdff2399600011aec
22 BDUSERID: 0
返回结果

 

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com",filename=E:\google.html)
5 print type(response)
6 print response[0]
7 print response[1]
本地存放 代码
技术分享
 1 <type tuple>
 2 E:\google.html
 3 Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:48:06 GMT
 4 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
 5 Connection: Close
 6 Vary: Accept-Encoding
 7 Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
 8 Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
 9 Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299686; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
10 Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/
11 Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/
12 Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1457_21112_18559_22036; path=/; domain=.baidu.com
13 P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM "
14 Cache-Control: private
15 Cxy_all: baidu+871f7c77ae8fbab47caa28ffbda301bf
16 Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:47:14 GMT
17 X-Powered-By: HPHP
18 Server: BWS/1.1
19 X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1
20 BDPAGETYPE: 1
21 BDQID: 0xc583a986000127e2
22 BDUSERID: 0
返回结果

 

3.urllib.urlcleanup()

清除由于urllib.urlretrieve()所产生的缓存

 

4.urllib.quote(url)和urllib.quote_plus(url)

将url数据获取之后,并将其编码,从而适用与URL字符串中,使其能被打印和被web服务器接受。

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.quote("http://www.baidu.com")
5 res = urllib.quote_plus(http://www.baidu.com)
6 
7 print response
8 print res
代码
技术分享
1 http%3A//www.baidu.com
2 http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com
返回结果

 

5.urllib.unquote(url)和urllib.unquote_plus(url)

与4的函数相反。

 

6.urllib.urlencode(query)

将URL中的键值对以连接符&划分

这里可以与urlopen结合以实现post方法和get方法:

GET方法:

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.urlencode({orange:1,apple:2,eggs:3})
5 res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query?%s" % response)
6 
7 print response
8 print res.read()
代码
技术分享
  1 orange=1&eggs=3&apple=2
  2 <!doctype html>
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返回结果

 

POST方法:

技术分享
1 #coding:UTF8
2 
3 import urllib
4 response = urllib.urlencode({orange:1,apple:2,eggs:3})
5 res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query",response)
6 
7 print response
8 print res.read()
代码
技术分享
  1 orange=1&eggs=3&apple=2
  2 <!doctype html>
  3 <!--[if lt IE 7]>   <html class="no-js ie6 lt-ie7 lt-ie8 lt-ie9">   <![endif]-->
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返回结果

 

python urllib模块