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python urllib模块
1.urllib.urlopen(url[,data[,proxies]])
打开一个url的方法，返回一个文件对象，然后可以进行类似文件对象的操作。本例试着打开google
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.urlopen("http://www.baidu.com") 5 f = response.readline() #读取html第一行 6 print f
返回结果
<!DOCTYPE html>
urlopen返回对象提供方法：
- read() , readline() ,readlines() , fileno() , close() ：这些方法的使用方式与文件对象完全一样
- info()：返回一个httplib.HTTPMessage对象，表示远程服务器返回的头信息
- getcode()：返回Http状态码。如果是http请求，200请求成功完成;404网址未找到
- geturl()：返回请求的url
2.urllib.urlretrieve(url[,filename[,reporthook[,data]]])
urlretrieve方法将url定位到的html文件下载到你本地的硬盘中。如果不指定filename，则会存为临时文件。
urlretrieve()返回一个二元组(filename,mine_hdrs)
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com") 5 print type(response) 6 print response[0] 7 print response[1]
1 <type ‘tuple‘> 2 ‘/tmp/tmp8eVLjq‘ 3 Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:44:05 GMT 4 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 5 Connection: Close 6 Vary: Accept-Encoding 7 Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 8 Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=2B910536110C34E39F7A5D0F0BB0AB8F; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 9 Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299445; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 10 Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/ 11 Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/ 12 Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=22104_1420_21124_17001_22035; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 13 P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM " 14 Cache-Control: private 15 Cxy_all: baidu+90e29a03609778c29a3b33c9fc46b4a8 16 Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:43:31 GMT 17 X-Powered-By: HPHP 18 Server: BWS/1.1 19 X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 20 BDPAGETYPE: 1 21 BDQID: 0xdff2399600011aec 22 BDUSERID: 0
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.urlretrieve("http://www.baidu.com",filename=‘E:\google.html‘) 5 print type(response) 6 print response[0] 7 print response[1]
1 <type ‘tuple‘> 2 E:\google.html 3 Date: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:48:06 GMT 4 Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 5 Connection: Close 6 Vary: Accept-Encoding 7 Set-Cookie: BAIDUID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D:FG=1; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 8 Set-Cookie: BIDUPSID=3DFE41A42CB005F34AE8BDEF4659A56D; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 9 Set-Cookie: PSTM=1487299686; expires=Thu, 31-Dec-37 23:55:55 GMT; max-age=2147483647; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 10 Set-Cookie: BDSVRTM=0; path=/ 11 Set-Cookie: BD_HOME=0; path=/ 12 Set-Cookie: H_PS_PSSID=1457_21112_18559_22036; path=/; domain=.baidu.com 13 P3P: CP=" OTI DSP COR IVA OUR IND COM " 14 Cache-Control: private 15 Cxy_all: baidu+871f7c77ae8fbab47caa28ffbda301bf 16 Expires: Fri, 17 Feb 2017 02:47:14 GMT 17 X-Powered-By: HPHP 18 Server: BWS/1.1 19 X-UA-Compatible: IE=Edge,chrome=1 20 BDPAGETYPE: 1 21 BDQID: 0xc583a986000127e2 22 BDUSERID: 0
3.urllib.urlcleanup()
清除由于urllib.urlretrieve()所产生的缓存
4.urllib.quote(url)和urllib.quote_plus(url)
将url数据获取之后，并将其编码，从而适用与URL字符串中，使其能被打印和被web服务器接受。
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.quote("http://www.baidu.com") 5 res = urllib.quote_plus(‘http://www.baidu.com‘) 6 7 print response 8 print res
1 http%3A//www.baidu.com 2 http%3A%2F%2Fwww.baidu.com
5.urllib.unquote(url)和urllib.unquote_plus(url)
与4的函数相反。
6.urllib.urlencode(query)
将URL中的键值对以连接符&划分
这里可以与urlopen结合以实现post方法和get方法：
GET方法：
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.urlencode({‘orange‘:1,‘apple‘:2,‘eggs‘:3}) 5 res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query?%s" % response) 6 7 print response 8 print res.read()
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POST方法：
1 #coding:UTF8 2 3 import urllib 4 response = urllib.urlencode({‘orange‘:1,‘apple‘:2,‘eggs‘:3}) 5 res = urllib.urlopen("http://python.org/query",response) 6 7 print response 8 print res.read()
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python urllib模块
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