C语法归约之变量声明和定义（0）

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C语法归约之变量声明和定义（0）

2024-07-23 12:38:07 223人阅读

0前言

闲来无事，在屋里多看了一眼《编译原理》（2V），有练练手的冲动——采用LR(1)技术，写了一个C语言的语法归约器！之所以用LR(1)是因为gcc，ucc，tcc和lcc跟商量好似的，清一色的用的LL归约技术，书上也是讲的跟天花一样漂亮，那么就说明它已经十分成熟了，如果再使用LL技术实在是炸不出价值来，源码一抓一大把，看看就够了，重写必要性不大！另外，书中的LR技术讲的项集又是大的没谱，工作量太大；如果使用工具yacc生成，又不知道它咋搞的猫腻，所以就没有踩它们的脚印，自己整套方法high起来^!^！至于后期要不要增加编译的其他部分，再说。现在用它来拉拉风！顺便解释下C语言真正机密——归约！

1、C语言C99文法树

C99文法树图，这是C99标准文法，画成图了，方便查阅，便于理解。其中实线是归约方向，虚线箭头不是归约指向，是箭头指向的产生式中此非终结符的产生式，实线箭头相连两头构成一个产生式！（注：图较大，显示太小，请自行右键图片另存为下载该图片查阅或者干脆查看C99文法，都中）

值得提醒一点的是，单纯从文法上讲，它不是树，更准确的说是图，但为了方便理解，中间交织的内容就没有连接，从而看上去还像一颗树

a、表达式（注，为了便于理解运算符优先级，这部分化成了圈）

b、声明，定义，初始化，抽象类型部分（注，图中有opt的，则表示前面的非终结符可选）

c、语句部分（注，图中有opt的，则表示前面的非终结符可选，鉴于图片大小分布，没有展开）

d、外部定义

e、合成总图（几部分的连接不是绝对的对应，比如expression在多处出现，我只是简单链接一条示意了一下，不要钻牛尖哦）

2、实例探究

如果你没有C语言基础，请按照下面步骤执行，一移动鼠标到浏览器的X,二点击关闭，over，(*^__^*) ！如果你是初学者，可能会有点好处；前提是下文你得看得懂！如果你是个码农，可能你会看到之前你没有看到的C的另一层面！如果你是个高级工程师且懂得编译，那么你也按照上面两步走或者高手ALT-F4即可！

阅读说明：（对读懂很重要）

0-仅归约过程，无符号表处理，因此不检查ID的冲突和不对typedef的类型归约
1-归约过程输出的是归约栈的整个栈当前状态

2-连续的栈输出，表示curr的多次归约
3-栈顶非终结符是从上步归约而来

比如：

declaration-specifiers direct-declarator
declaration-specifiers declarator

其中declarator是从direct-declarator归约而来

再比如：

declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers
declaration-list declaration-specifiers

其中declaration-specifiers是由type-specifier declaration-specifiers 归约而来，等等
4-curr输出当前归约的终结符，next是预取下一个要归约的终结符
5-如果curr输出是ID，STR，CONSTANT，则它的真实值是前面的next输出.比如下面的curr: ID, next ; 那么这个ID就是右上vali
6-要结合上面的文法图或者C99标准来解读
7-任何无语法错误的源程序都要归约成一棵树！根结点就是translation-unit

话说千言万语不如一个好例子。当然不可能在这里穷举所有相关语法的实例，而只在常用重点上举几个例子！看看 C语言是怎么被解析的！

2.1、基本全局变量

示例代码

int vali;
char valc;
short vals;
long vall;
unsigned int valui;
signed int valsi;
/*其余float double double float

  unsigned char, signed char, unsigned short, signed short
  unsigned long, signed long都一样的归约过程,不多余举例*/

归约树

curr: int  next: vali  
type-specifier 
declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: char  
declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约char valc;
curr: char  next: valc  
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: short  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约short vals;
curr: short  next: vals  
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: long  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约long vall;
curr: long  next: vall  
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: unsigned  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约unsigned int valui;
curr: unsigned  next: int  
declaration-list type-specifier 

curr: int  next: valui  
declaration-list type-specifier type-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: signed  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约signed int valsi;
curr: signed  next: int  
declaration-list type-specifier 

curr: int  next: valsi  
declaration-list type-specifier type-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier declaration-specifiers 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: NULL  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
translation-unit //完成

提示

int vali;归约过程为例子

int->type-specifier->declaration-specifiers(1)

ID->direct-declarator->declarator->init-declarator->init-declarator-list (2)

(1)和（2）->declaration.

由于下面还有变量的定义，因此

declaration->declaration-list

上面其他变量的归约过程基本一样，不多解释！

从语法来讲，void, char, short, int, long, float, double, unsigned, signed,可以任意组合N长的类型说明符，比如long long long long int unsigned char short,这8个当成一个类型也是能正确归约的。当然它没有意义！有没有意义这是类型检测的工作，属于后话，先不说！

2.2、结构联合枚举类型声明和定义

示例代码

struct AA;
union BB;
enum CC;

struct girl {
	int ga, gb, gc;
};

struct boy {
	struct girl bl;
};

struct woman {
	union inner {
		struct girl gg;
		struct boy bb;
	}sex;
};

union type{
	int vali;
	char ch;
	long vall;
};

enum tag{
	FIRST,
	FOLLOW,
	LAST,
	TEST
};

归约树

curr: struct  next: AA  

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct-specifier 
type-specifier 
declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: union  
declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约union BB;
curr: union  next: BB  

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: enum  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
//归约enum CC;
curr: enum  next: CC  

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list enum-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: struct  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
/*归约struct girl {
int ga, gb, gc;
};*/
curr: struct  next: girl  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: int  

curr: int  next: ga  
declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ,  next: gb  

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ,  next: gc  

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list , declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list struct-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: struct  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
/*归约struct boy {
struct girl bl;
};*/
curr: struct  next: boy  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: struct  

curr: struct  next: girl  

curr: bl  next: ID  
declaration-list struct ID { struct-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list struct-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: struct  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
/*归约struct woman {
union inner {
struct girl gg;
struct boy bb;
}sex;
};*/
curr: struct  next: woman  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: union  

curr: union  next: inner  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: struct  

curr: struct  next: girl  

curr: gg  next: ID  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: struct  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: struct  next: boy  

curr: bb  next: ID  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
declaration-list struct ID { union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: sex  
declaration-list struct ID { union-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list struct-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: union  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
/*归约union type{
int vali;
char ch;
long vall;
};*/
curr: union  next: type  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: int  

curr: int  next: vali  
declaration-list union ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: char  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: char  next: ch  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: long  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: long  next: vall  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list union-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: enum  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
/*归约enum tag{
FIRST,
FOLLOW,
LAST,
TEST
};*/
curr: enum  next: tag  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: FIRST  

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list enum ID { enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 

curr: ,  next: FOLLOW  

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 

curr: ,  next: LAST  

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 

curr: ,  next: TEST  

curr: ID  next: }  
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list , enumerator 
declaration-list enum ID { enumerator-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list enum-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: NULL  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
translation-unit

2.3、结构联合枚举的初始化

示例代码

struct a {
	int b;
	struct {
		char ch;
		int id;
	} me;
	struct a *next;

} student[10] = {
	1, {1, 2}, 0,
	1, {1, 2}, 0,
	1, {1, 2}, 0,
	1, {1, 2}, 0,
};


struct a b[4] = {
	.b = 0,
	.me = {.ch = a,
		   .id = 0,},
	.c
	.d
	.e = 1,};
union c{
	int i;
	char ch;
} age_sex[5] = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5};

enum {
	WOMEN = 1,
	MAN,
	CHILD
};

归约树

curr: struct  next: a  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: int  

curr: int  next: b  
struct ID { type-specifier 
struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
struct ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: struct  
struct ID { struct-declaration 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: struct  next: {  

curr: {  next: char  

curr: char  next: ch  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { type-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: int  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list 

curr: int  next: id  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: me  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: struct  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: struct  next: a  

curr: ID  next: *  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: *  next: next  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list pointer 

curr: ID  next: ;  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list pointer direct-declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
struct ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
struct ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: student  
struct-specifier 
type-specifier 
declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: [  
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: [  next: 10  

curr: 10  next: ]  
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression 
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

curr: ]  next: =  
declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-specifiers declarator 

curr: =  next: {  

curr: {  next: 1  

curr: 1  next: ,  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { primary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { postfix-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { unary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { cast-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { multiplicative-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { additive-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { shift-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { relational-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { equality-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { conditional-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { assignment-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: {  

curr: {  next: 1  

curr: 1  next: ,  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { primary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { postfix-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { unary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { cast-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { multiplicative-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { additive-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { shift-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { relational-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { equality-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { logical-AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { logical-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { conditional-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { assignment-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: 2  

curr: 2  next: }  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , primary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list 

curr: }  next: ,  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
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curr: ,  next: 0  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
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curr: ,  next: 1  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
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curr: ,  next: {  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { exclusive-OR-expression 
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curr: ,  next: 2  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , additive-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , shift-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list 

curr: }  next: ,  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
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curr: ,  next: 1  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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curr: ,  next: {  

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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , equality-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , { initializer-list 

curr: }  next: ,  
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
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declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

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declaration-specifiers declarator = initializer 
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declaration 
declaration-list 

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declaration-list struct-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression 
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression 
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 

curr: =  next: {  

curr: {  next: .  

curr: .  next: b  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designator-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation additive-expression 
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation exclusive-OR-expression 
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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { designation initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designator-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation 

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { designation initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: .  

curr: .  next: id  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designator-list 

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation 

curr: 0  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list , designation initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: }  

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declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

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curr: ID  next: .  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 

curr: .  next: d  

curr: ID  next: .  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 

curr: .  next: e  

curr: ID  next: =  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list designator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designator-list 

curr: =  next: 1  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation 

curr: 1  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , designation initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: }  

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: union  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 

curr: union  next: c  

curr: ID  next: {  

curr: {  next: int  

curr: int  next: i  
declaration-list union ID { type-specifier 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list union ID { specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: char  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: char  next: ch  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list 

curr: ID  next: ;  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list direct-declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list declarator 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list specifier-qualifier-list struct-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: }  
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list struct-declaration 
declaration-list union ID { struct-declaration-list 

curr: }  next: age_sex  
declaration-list union-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ID  next: [  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 

curr: [  next: 5  

curr: 5  next: ]  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator [ assignment-expression 

curr: ]  next: =  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers direct-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator 

curr: =  next: {  

curr: {  next: 1  

curr: 1  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: 2  

curr: 2  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: 3  

curr: 3  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: 4  

curr: 4  next: ,  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: ,  next: 5  

curr: 5  next: }  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , primary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , postfix-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , unary-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , cast-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , additive-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , shift-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , relational-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , equality-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , conditional-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , assignment-expression 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list , initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = { initializer-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list declaration-specifiers declarator = initializer 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers init-declarator-list 

curr: ;  next: enum  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 

curr: enum  next: {  

curr: {  next: WOMEN  

curr: ID  next: =  
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant 

curr: =  next: 1  

curr: 1  next: ,  
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = primary-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = postfix-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = unary-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = cast-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = multiplicative-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = additive-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = shift-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = relational-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = equality-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = AND-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = exclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = inclusive-OR-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = logical-AND-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = logical-OR-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = conditional-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumeration-constant = constant-expression 
declaration-list enum { enumerator 
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 

curr: ,  next: MAN  

curr: ID  next: ,  
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumerator 
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 

curr: ,  next: CHILD  

curr: ID  next: }  
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumeration-constant 
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list , enumerator 
declaration-list enum { enumerator-list 

curr: }  next: ;  
declaration-list enum-specifier 
declaration-list type-specifier 
declaration-list declaration-specifiers 

curr: ;  next: NULL  
declaration-list declaration 
declaration-list 
translation-unit

下文：数组和指针

C语法归约之变量声明和定义（0）

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