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2-8 指令
2-8 指令
内容简介
解析最简单的指令hello：匹配模式restrict
解析最简单的指令hello：template、templateUrl、$templateCache
解析最简单的指令hello：replace与translude
comile与link（操作元素、添加css样式、绑定事件）
指令与控制器之间的交互
指令间的交互
scope的类型与独立scope
scope的绑定策略
实例解析Expander
实例解析Accordion
指令的运行原理：compile和link
总结：ERP类型的系统必备的UI组件
总结：互联网/电商型系统必备的UI组件
第三方指令库angular-ui
Directive思想的起源和原理概述
1. 解析最简单的指令hello：匹配模式restrict
restrict：匹配模式。它有4个选项，分别为
- A 属性attribute
- E 元素element
- M 注释comment
- C 样式中的class
属性方式
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>指令</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/HelloAngular_Directive.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div hello></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘A‘, template:‘<div> hi everyone!</div>‘, replace:true }})渲染后结果：
元素方式
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>指令</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/HelloAngular_Directive.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><hello></hello></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘E‘, template:‘<div> hi everyone!</div>‘, replace:true }})渲染后结果：
注释方式
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>指令</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/HelloAngular_Directive.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><!-- directive:hello --></body></html>注意：指令``的写法。它的前后都有空格。这个坑一定要注意啊！！！
/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘M‘, template:‘<div> hi everyone!</div>‘, replace:true }})渲染后结果：
样式方式
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>指令</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/HelloAngular_Directive.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><!--class样式指令--><div class="hello"></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘C‘, template:‘<div> hi everyone!</div>‘, replace:true }})渲染后：
四种模式的使用场景
| 指令 | 含义 | 示例 |
|---|---|---|
| A | 属性（默认） | <div my-menu=‘Products‘></div> |
| E | 元素 | <my-menu title=Products></my-menu> |
| M | 注释 | <!-- directive:my-menu Products --> |
| C | 样式类 | <div class=‘my-menu:Products‘></div> |
- 推荐使用元素和属性的方式使用指令
- 当需要创建带有自己的模板的指令时，使用元素名称的方式创建指令
- 当需要为有的html标签增加功能时，使用属性的方式创建指令
2. 解析最简单的指令hello：template、templateUrl、$templateCache
当我们使用指令的时候，每次都要在js中去Template去写html会很痛苦。为此Angular为我们准备了templateUrl。
templateUrl
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/templateUrl.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><hello></hello></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ reactive:‘E‘, templateUrl:‘tpls/tpls1.html‘, replace:true }})<div style="color: rebeccapurple; font-size: 50px">我是模板</div>渲染后页面：
$templateCache
如果我们编写的模板不仅仅是在现有的指令要使用，其他的指令也要使用该模板。我们就可以$templateCache。它可以将我们的模板进行缓存起来。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/templateCache.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><hello></hello></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);// 注射器加载完所有模块时，此方法执行一次app.run(function ($templateCache) { $templateCache.put(‘helloTemple.html‘,‘<div>hello everyone!!!</div>‘)});app.directive(‘hello‘,function ($templateCache) { return{ restrict:‘E‘, template:$templateCache.get(‘helloTemple.html‘), replace:true }})3. 解析最简单的指令hello：replace与translude
前面我们都是使用replace来替换页面中内容，那么如果我们不想替换，而是想在里面追加。那么我就可以使用translude。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/transclude.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><hello> <div>我是页面内容</div></hello></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘hello‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘E‘, transclude:true, template:‘<div>hello everyone! <div ng-transclude></div></div>‘ }})4. comile与link（操作元素、添加css样式、绑定事件）
1488784946835.jpg
5. 指令与控制器之间的交互
采用link的方式来进行交互。
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/Directive&Controller.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div ng-controller="myCtrl"> <loader >滑动加载</loader></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.controller(‘myCtrl‘,[‘$scope‘,function ($scope) { $scope.loadData=http://www.mamicode.com/function () { console.log(‘数据加载中~~~~‘); }}])app.directive(‘loader‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘AE‘, link:function (scope,element,attr) { //当鼠标滑动到该指令的时候，执行下面代码 element.bind(‘mouseenter‘,function () { // scope.loadData(); 直接调用 scope.$apply(‘loadData()‘) //也可以这样调用 }) } }})那么如果我们有多个指令需要调用不同的Controller中的function如何做呢？
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/Directive&Controller.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div ng-controller="myCtrl"> <loader howLoadData="loadData1()">滑动加载1</loader> <loader howLoadData="loadData2()">滑动加载2</loader></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.controller(‘myCtrl‘,[‘$scope‘,function ($scope) { $scope.loadData1=function () { console.log(‘数据1加载中~~~~‘); } $scope.loadData2=function () { console.log(‘数据2加载中~~~~‘); }}])app.directive(‘loader‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘AE‘, link:function (scope,element,attr) { //当鼠标滑动到该指令的时候，执行下面代码 element.bind(‘mouseenter‘,function () { // scope.loadData(); //这里有个坑：html中写的属性名字，在这里必须全部转成小写 scope.$apply(attr.howloaddata) }) } }})6. 指令间的交互
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="src/js/Directive&Directive.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <superman strength>动感超人1---力量</superman> </div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <superman strength speed>动感超人2---力量+敏捷</superman> </div></div><div class="row"> <div class="col-md-3"> <superman strength speed light>动感超人2---力量+敏捷+发光</superman> </div></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.directive(‘superman‘,function () { return{ // 创建独立的作用域 scope:{}, restrict:‘AE‘, // 指令内部的Controller。主要是用来暴露本身的方法供其它指令调用 controller:function ($scope) { //给指令暴露出3个方法，以供其它指令调用 $scope.abilities=[]; this.addStrength=function () { $scope.abilities.push(‘strength‘); }; this.addSpeed=function () { $scope.abilities.push(‘speed‘); }; this.addLight=function () { $scope.abilities.push(‘light‘); }; }, link:function (scope,element,attrs) { element.addClass(‘btn btn-primary‘); element.bind(‘mouseenter‘,function () { console.log(scope.abilities); }) } }})app.directive(‘strength‘,function () { return{ //表示现在的指令时依赖于superman指令 require:‘^superman‘, link:function (scope,element,attrs,supermanCtrl) { supermanCtrl.addStrength(); } }})app.directive(‘speed‘,function () { return{ //表示现在的指令时依赖于superman指令 require:‘^superman‘, link:function (scope,element,attrs,supermanCtrl) { supermanCtrl.addSpeed(); } }})app.directive(‘light‘,function () { return{ //表示现在的指令时依赖于superman指令 require:‘^superman‘, link:function (scope,element,attrs,supermanCtrl) { supermanCtrl.addLight(); } }})7. scope的类型与独立scope
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/isolateScope.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><hello></hello><hello></hello><hello></hello><hello></hello></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app = angular.module(‘myApp‘, []);app.directive(‘hello‘, function () { return { restrict: ‘AE‘, //这是这句后，我们的指令中的scope就会独立使用，不会相互污染啦 scope: {}, template: ‘<div><input type="text" ng-model="userName"/>{{userName}}</div>‘, replace: true }})8. Scope的绑定策略
| 参数 | 解释 |
|---|---|
| @ | 把当前属性作为字符串传递（不能传递对象）。你还可以绑定来自外层scope的值，在属性值中插入{{}} 即可 |
| = | 与父级scope中的属性进行双向绑定 |
| & | 传递一个来自父级scope的函数，稍后调用 |
@绑定
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/scopeAt.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div ng-controller="MyCtrl"> <drink flavor="{{ctrlFlavor}}"></drink></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.controller(‘MyCtrl‘,[‘$scope‘,function ($scope) { $scope.ctrlFlavor=‘百威‘}])app.directive(‘drink‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘AE‘, scope:{ flavor:‘@‘ }, template:‘<div>{{flavor}}</div>‘ }})=绑定
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="src/js/scopeEqual.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div ng-controller="MyCtrl"> 指令: <drink flavor="ctrlFlavor"></drink> <br> 控制器: <input type="text" ng-model="ctrlFlavor"> <br></div></body></html>/** * Created by engoo-ypf on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.controller(‘MyCtrl‘,[‘$scope‘,function ($scope) { $scope.ctrlFlavor=‘百威‘}])app.directive(‘drink‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘AE‘, scope:{ flavor:‘=‘ }, template:‘<input type="text" ng-model="flavor"/>‘ }})& 传递一个来自父级scope的函数，稍后调用
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.js"></script> <script src="js/scopeAnd.js"></script></head><body ng-app="myApp"><div ng-controller="MyCtrl"> <greeting greet="sayHello(name)"></greeting> <greeting greet="sayHello(name)"></greeting> <greeting greet="sayHello(name)"></greeting> <greeting greet="sayHello(name)"></greeting></div></body></html>/** * Created by yangp on 2017/3/6. */var app=angular.module(‘myApp‘,[]);app.controller(‘MyCtrl‘,[‘$scope‘,function ($scope) { $scope.sayHello=function (name) { alert(‘Hello‘+name); }}]);app.directive(‘greeting‘,function () { return{ restrict:‘AE‘, scope:{ greet:‘&‘ }, template:‘<input type="text" ng-model="userName"/><br>‘+ ‘<button ng-click="greet({name:userName})">Greet</button><br>‘ }})2-8 指令
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