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使用 maven 构建 SpringMVC

引言

最近需要使用SpringMVC做一个小项目,之前对SpringMVC没什么了解,所以先写一个SpringMVC的小Demo练习一下。

 

使用Maven构建项目

IDE = Eclipse

首先创建一个Maven的webapp项目,Jar包的管理就交给Maven来完成;POM内容如下:

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>  <groupId>com.tuo.example</groupId>  <artifactId>SpringMVC</artifactId>  <packaging>war</packaging>  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>  <name>SpringMVC Maven Webapp</name>  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>    <properties>          <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>          <springversion>4.1.2.RELEASE</springversion>          <junitversion>3.8.1</junitversion>    </properties>      <dependencies>      <dependency>      <groupId>junit</groupId>      <artifactId>junit</artifactId>      <version>3.8.1</version>      <scope>test</scope>    </dependency>        <!-- Spring -->    <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-aspects</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-expression</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-jdbc</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-jms</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-oxm</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>              <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId>              <version>${springversion}</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>              <!-- servlet & jstl-->        <dependency>              <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>              <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>              <version>1.2</version>              <type>jar</type>              <scope>compile</scope>          </dependency>              <!-- common -->        <dependency>              <groupId>commons-collections</groupId>              <artifactId>commons-collections</artifactId>              <version>3.1</version>          </dependency>          <dependency>              <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>              <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>              <version>1.1</version>          </dependency>        </dependencies>  <build>    <finalName>SpringMVC</finalName>  </build></project>

 

修改Web.xml配置

web.xml作为前端的配置文件,需要在其中指定以SpringMVC方式处理HTTP请求,即配置servlet标签为SpringMVC,并且指明使用哪个文件作为SpringMVC的配置文件。

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd" id="WebApp_ID" version="2.5">  <display-name>SpringMVC01</display-name>  <welcome-file-list>    <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>      </welcome-file-list>    <!-- configure springmvc dispatcher for Servlet -->  <servlet>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>          <init-param>            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>            <param-value>classpath:spring-mvc.xml</param-value>        </init-param>  </servlet>  <servlet-mapping>      <servlet-name>springmvc</servlet-name>      <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>  </servlet-mapping></web-app>

 

SpringMVC 配置文件

如上面web.xml中所示,我这里使用spring-mvc.xml最为SpringMVC的配置文件,并将其放在Maven项目默认的resoucres目录下:

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其内容为:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p"    xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"    xsi:schemaLocation="        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans        http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context        http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">    <!-- 使用注解的包,包括子集 -->    <context:component-scan base-package="com.example.tuo"/>    <!-- 视图解析器 -->    <bean id="viewResolver"        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="http://www.mamicode.com/WEB-INF/jsp/" />        <property name="suffix" value="http://www.mamicode.com/.jsp"></property>    </bean></beans>

 

到此,SpringMVC的配置部分就完成了;下面需要写 controller 类 以及 HTML和JSP 页面。

 

实现HTML引导页面

基于我们在web.xml里面里面关于 “servlet-mapping” 的定义,我们需要截获的HTTP request 为 *.do(例如:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/HelloSpringMVC.do)

在这里,我们不直接输入xxx.do,通过web.xml里面定义的index.html中的超链接跳转到目标地址(HelloSpringMVC.do)。HTML如下:

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>SpringMVC start page</title></head><body><a href="sayHello.do">Hello springMVC!</a></body></html>

 

 

实现controller类

讲 controller 类放在controller包下,其内容很简单,就是利用MVC中的Model返回一个message到JSP,代码如下

package com.example.tuo.controller;import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;import org.springframework.ui.Model;import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;@Controllerpublic class HelloSpringMVC {    @RequestMapping("sayHello")    public void sayHello(Model model){        model.addAttribute("message", "Hello SpringMVC, I am coming!");    }}

 

实现 JSP 页面

还是基于我们在web.xml里面的视图解析器定义:

<!-- 视图解析器 -->    <bean id="viewResolver"        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">        <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/jsp/" />        <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"></property>    </bean>

我们在项目里面建立一个sayHello.jsp, 请注意这里的前后缀以及在controller类里面定义的@RequestMapping的内容, 把它们连接在一起应指向了JSP页面:prefix+RequestMapping("sayHello")+suffix = /WEB-INF/jsp/sayHello.jsp, 如图所示:

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JSP页面本身的内容就很简单了,只是简单的输出在controller类里面定义的message:

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"    pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>SpringMVC page</title></head><body>${message}  </body></html>

 

OK,我们的所有编码工作到这里就全部完成。启动Tomcat加载并运行项目,在浏览器中输入导航页面的路径:http://localhost:8080/SpringMVC/后,我们便来到了HTML页面:

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在页面上点击超链接,即可跳转到sayHello.jsp;我们可以看到在view中输出了我们在controller里面定义的内容“Hello SpringMVC, I am coming!”;

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Well done!我们的SpringMVC项目运行正确啦 :)

使用 maven 构建 SpringMVC