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Integer和Long部分源码分析

Integer和Long的java中使用特别广泛,本人主要一下Integer.toString(int i)和Long.toString(long i)方法,其他方法都比较容易理解。

Integer.toString(int i)和Long.toString(long i),以Integer.toString(int i)为例,先看源码:

 1    /**
 2      * Returns a {@code String} object representing the
 3      * specified integer. The argument is converted to signed decimal
 4      * representation and returned as a string, exactly as if the
 5      * argument and radix 10 were given as arguments to the {@link
 6      * #toString(int, int)} method.
 7      *
 8      * @param   i   an integer to be converted.
 9      * @return  a string representation of the argument in base 10.
10      */
11     public static String toString(int i) {
12         if (i == Integer.MIN_VALUE)
13             return "-2147483648";
14         int size = (i < 0) ? stringSize(-i) + 1 : stringSize(i);
15         char[] buf = new char[size];
16         getChars(i, size, buf);
17         return new String(buf, true);
18     }

通过调用stringSize来计算i的长度,也就是位数,用来分配合适大小的字符数组buf,然后调用getChars来设置buf的值。

stringSize的Integer和Long中的实现有所不同,先看看源码

 

Integer.stringSize(int x)源码:

1    final static int [] sizeTable = { 9, 99, 999, 9999, 99999, 999999, 9999999,
2                                       99999999, 999999999, Integer.MAX_VALUE };
3 
4     // Requires positive x
5     static int stringSize(int x) {
6         for (int i=0; ; i++)
7             if (x <= sizeTable[i])
8                 return i+1;
9     }

将数据存放在数组中,数组中的下标+1就是i的长度,当x小于sizeTable中的某个值时,这样设计只需要循环就可以得出长度,效率高。

 

Long.stringSize(long x)源码:

 1     // Requires positive x
 2     static int stringSize(long x) {
 3         long p = 10;
 4         for (int i=1; i<19; i++) {
 5             if (x < p)
 6                 return i;
 7             p = 10*p;
 8         }
 9         return 19;
10     }

因为Long的十进制最大长度是19,在计算长度时通过反复乘以10的方式求出来的,可能会问为什么不用Integer.stringSize(int x)的方法,我也没有找到合适的解释。

传统的方案可能是通过反复除以10的方法求出来的,但是这样的效率低,因为计算机在处理乘法时要比除法快。

 

getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf)源码:

 1    /**
 2      * Places characters representing the integer i into the
 3      * character array buf. The characters are placed into
 4      * the buffer backwards starting with the least significant
 5      * digit at the specified index (exclusive), and working
 6      * backwards from there.
 7      *
 8      * Will fail if i == Integer.MIN_VALUE
 9      */
10     static void getChars(int i, int index, char[] buf) {
11         int q, r;
12         int charPos = index;
13         char sign = 0;
14 
15         if (i < 0) {
16             sign = ‘-‘;
17             i = -i;
18         }
19 
20         // Generate two digits per iteration
21         while (i >= 65536) {
22             q = i / 100;
23         // really: r = i - (q * 100);
24             r = i - ((q << 6) + (q << 5) + (q << 2));
25             i = q;
26             buf [--charPos] = DigitOnes[r];
27             buf [--charPos] = DigitTens[r];
28         }
29 
30         // Fall thru to fast mode for smaller numbers
31         // assert(i <= 65536, i);
32         for (;;) {
33             q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3);
34             r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1));  // r = i-(q*10) ...
35             buf [--charPos] = digits [r];
36             i = q;
37             if (i == 0) break;
38         }
39         if (sign != 0) {
40             buf [--charPos] = sign;
41         }
42     }

 这是整个转换过程的核心代码,首先确定符号,其次当i>=65536时将i除以100,并且通过DigitOnes[r]和DigitTens[r]来获取十位和个位上的值,因为除法慢,所以一次性除以100提高效率,DigitOnes和DigitTens如下:

 1   final static char [] DigitTens = {
 2         ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘, ‘0‘,
 3         ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘, ‘1‘,
 4         ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘, ‘2‘,
 5         ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘, ‘3‘,
 6         ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘, ‘4‘,
 7         ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘, ‘5‘,
 8         ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘, ‘6‘,
 9         ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘, ‘7‘,
10         ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘, ‘8‘,
11         ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘, ‘9‘,
12         } ;
13 
14     final static char [] DigitOnes = {
15         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
16         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
17         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
18         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
19         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
20         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
21         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
22         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
23         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
24         ‘0‘, ‘1‘, ‘2‘, ‘3‘, ‘4‘, ‘5‘, ‘6‘, ‘7‘, ‘8‘, ‘9‘,
25         } ;

假设r=34,通过查表可以得出DigitOnes[r]=4,DigitTens[r]=3。

  1 q = (i * 52429) >>> (16+3); 的本质是将i/10,并去掉小数部分,219=524288,52429/524288=0.10000038146972656,为什么会选择52429/524288呢,看了下面就知道了:

 1 2^10=1024, 103/1024=0.1005859375
 2 2^11=2048, 205/2048=0.10009765625
 3 2^12=4096, 410/4096=0.10009765625
 4 2^13=8192, 820/8192=0.10009765625
 5 2^14=16384, 1639/16384=0.10003662109375
 6 2^15=32768, 3277/32768=0.100006103515625
 7 2^16=65536, 6554/65536=0.100006103515625
 8 2^17=131072, 13108/131072=0.100006103515625
 9 2^18=262144, 26215/262144=0.10000228881835938
10 2^19=524288, 52429/524288=0.10000038146972656

可以看出52429/524288的精度最高,并且在Integer的取值范围内。

  1 r = i - ((q << 3) + (q << 1)); // r = i-(q*10) ... 用位运算而不用乘法也是为了提高效率。

 

注:以上分析内容仅个人观点(部分参考网上),如有不正确的地方希望可以相互交流。

Integer和Long部分源码分析