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python openpyxl 操作 excel
初识与安装
Openpyxl is a Python library for reading and writing Excel 2010 xlsx/xlsm/xltx/xltm files.
安装
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$ pip install openpyxl |
一个简单创建例子
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from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() # 激活 worksheet ws = wb.active # 数据可以直接分配到单元格中 ws[ ‘A1‘ ] = 42 # 可以附加行,从第一列开始附加 ws.append([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # Python 类型会被自动转换 import datetime ws[ ‘A3‘ ] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d" ) # 保存文件 wb.save( "sample.xlsx" ) |
打开查看Excel如下:
workbook
There is no need to create a file on the filesystem to get started with openpyxl. Just import the Workbook class and start using it.
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from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() |
worksheet
A workbook至少创建一个worksheet.
通过openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.active()
得到worksheet.ws = wb.active
注意:
该方法使用_active_sheet_index属性, 默认会设置0,也就是第一个worksheet。除非手动修改,否则使用active方法得到都是第一个worksheet。
你也可以创建worksheets,通过 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.create_sheet()
方法:
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>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet( "Mysheet" ) #插入到最后(default) #或者 >>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet( "Mysheet" , 0) #插入到最开始的位置 |
创建的sheet的名称会自动创建,按照sheet,sheet1,sheet2自动增长,通过title属性可以修改其名称。ws.title = "New Title"
默认的sheet的tab是白色的,可以通过 RRGGBB颜色来修改sheet_properties.tabColor属性从而修改sheet tab按钮的颜色:ws.sheet_properties.tabColor = "1072BA"
当你设置了sheet的名称,可以将其看成workbook中的一个key。也可以使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_by_name()
方法
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>>> ws3 = wb[ "New Title" ] >>> ws4 = wb.get_sheet_by_name( "New Title" ) >>> ws is ws3 is ws4 True |
查看workbook中的所有worksheets名称:openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.get_sheet_names()
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>>> print(wb.sheetnames) [ ‘Sheet2‘ , ‘New Title‘ , ‘Sheet1‘ ] |
遍历worksheets:
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>>> for sheet in wb: ... print(sheet.title) |
操作数据
访问单元格
单元格可以看作是worksheet的key,通过key去访问单元格中的数据
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>>> c = ws[ ‘A4‘ ] |
直接返回A4单元格,如果不存在则会自动创建一个。
指定单元格的值
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>>> ws[ ‘A4‘ ] = 4 #直接赋值 |
使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.cell()
方法操作某行某列的某个值:
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>>> d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=http://www.mamicode.com/10) |
注意:
- 当worksheet在内存中被创建时,是没有包含cells的,cells是在首次访问时创建.
- 可以循环在内存中创建cells,这时不指定他们的值也会创建该cells些:(创建100x100cells)
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>>> for i in range(1,101): ... for j in range(1,101): ... ws.cell(row=i, column=j) |
访问许多cells
通过切片Ranges指定许多cells
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>>> cell_range = ws[ ‘A1‘ : ‘C2‘ ] |
同样也可以Ranges rows 或者columns :
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>>> colC = ws[ ‘C‘ ] >>> col_range = ws[ ‘C:D‘ ] >>> row10 = ws[10] >>> row_range = ws[5:10] |
也可以使用 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_rows()
方法:(需要指定行->行,截止列)
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>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C2> |
openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.iter_cols()
方法:(需要指定列->列,截止行)
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>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2): ... for cell in row: ... print(cell) <Cell Sheet1.A1> <Cell Sheet1.B1> <Cell Sheet1.C1> <Cell Sheet1.A2> <Cell Sheet1.B2> <Cell Sheet1.C2> |
如果你需要遍历所有文件的行或列,可以使用openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.rows()
属性:
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>>> ws = wb.active >>> ws[ ‘C9‘ ] = ‘hello world‘ >>> tuple(ws.rows) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>), (<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>), (<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>), (<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>), (<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>), (<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>), (<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>), (<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>), (<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>)) |
或者 openpyxl.worksheet.Worksheet.columns()
属性:
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>>> tuple(ws.columns) ((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.A6>, ... <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.B9>), (<Cell Sheet.C1>, <Cell Sheet.C2>, <Cell Sheet.C3>, <Cell Sheet.C4>, <Cell Sheet.C5>, <Cell Sheet.C6>, <Cell Sheet.C7>, <Cell Sheet.C8>, <Cell Sheet.C9>)) |
Saving to a file
最简单最安全的方法保存workbook是使用openpyxl.workbook.Workbook
对象的 openpyxl.workbook.Workbook.save()
方法:
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>>> wb = Workbook() >>> wb.save( ‘balances.xlsx‘ ) |
保存的默认位置在python的根目录下。
注意:会自动覆盖已经存在文件名的文件。
Loading from a file
像写一样我们可以导入openpyxl.load_workbook()
已经存在的workbook:
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>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook >>> wb2 = load_workbook( ‘test.xlsx‘ ) >>> print wb2.get_sheet_names() [ ‘Sheet2‘ , ‘New Title‘ , ‘Sheet1‘ ] |
常用实例
详情参考官方使用文档:
http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html
写入例子一
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- from openpyxl import Workbook wb = Workbook() # 激活 worksheet ws = wb.active # 数据可以直接分配到单元格中 ws[ ‘A1‘ ] = 42 # 可以附加行,从第一列开始附加 ws.append([ 1 , 2 , 3 ]) # Python 类型会被自动转换 import datetime ws[ ‘A3‘ ] = datetime.datetime.now().strftime( "%Y-%m-%d" ) # 保存文件 wb.save( "sample.xlsx" ) |
写入例子二
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#!/usr/bin/env python # -*- coding: utf-8 -*- """ http://openpyxl.readthedocs.io/en/default/usage.html """ # workbook相关 from openpyxl import Workbook from openpyxl.compat import range from openpyxl.utils import get_column_letter wb = Workbook() dest_filename = ‘empty_book.xlsx‘ ws1 = wb.active ws1.title = "range names" for row in range ( 1 , 40 ): ws1.append( range ( 600 )) ws2 = wb.create_sheet(title = "Pi" ) ws2[ ‘F5‘ ] = 3.14 ws3 = wb.create_sheet(title = "Data" ) for row in range ( 10 , 20 ): for col in range ( 27 , 54 ): _ = ws3.cell(column = col, row = row, value = "{0}" . format (get_column_letter(col))) print (ws3[ ‘AA10‘ ].value) wb.save(filename = dest_filename) |
读取例子一
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from openpyxl.reader.excel import load_workbook
import json
# 读取excel2007文件
wb = load_workbook(filename=r‘test_book.xlsx‘)
# 显示有多少张表
print "Worksheet range(s):", wb.get_named_ranges()
print "Worksheet name(s):", wb.get_sheet_names()
# 取第一张表
sheetnames = wb.get_sheet_names()
ws = wb.get_sheet_by_name(sheetnames[0])
# 显示表名,表行数,表列数
print "Work Sheet Titile:", ws.title
print "Work Sheet Rows:", ws.max_row
print "Work Sheet Cols:", ws.max_column
# 建立存储数据的字典
data_dic = {}
# 把数据存到字典中
for rx in range(1, ws.max_row + 1):
temp_list = []
pid = rx
w1 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=1).value
w2 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=2).value
w3 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=3).value
w4 = ws.cell(row=rx, column=4).value
temp_list = [w1, w2, w3, w4]
data_dic[pid] = temp_list
# 打印字典数据个数
print ‘Total:%d‘ % len(data_dic)
print json.dumps(data_dic, encoding="UTF-8", ensure_ascii=False)
读取结果:
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Worksheet range(s): [] Worksheet name(s): [u ‘\u6d3b\u52a8\u8868‘ , u ‘\u7528\u6237\u4fe1\u606f‘ , u ‘Sheet3‘ ] Work Sheet Titile: 活动表 Work Sheet Rows: 3 Work Sheet Cols: 5 Total:3 { "1" : [ "张三" , 18, "男" , "广州" ], "2" : [ "李四" , 20, "女" , "湖北" ], "3" : [ "王五" , 25, "女" , "北京" ]} |
使用公式
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>>> from openpyxl import Workbook >>> wb = Workbook() >>> ws = wb.active >>> # add a simple formula >>> ws[ "A1" ] = "=SUM(1, 1)" >>> wb.save( "formula.xlsx" ) |
python openpyxl 操作 excel