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重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
原文:重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
[源码下载]
重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
作者：webabcd
介绍
重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps 之通信的新特性
- 新的 HttpClient
- http get string
- http get stream
- http post string
- http post stream
示例
HTTP 服务端
WebServer/HttpDemo.aspx.cs
/* * 用于响应 http 请求 */using System;using System.IO;using System.Threading;using System.Web;namespace WebServer{ public partial class HttpDemo : System.Web.UI.Page { protected void Page_Load(object sender, EventArgs e) { // 停 3 秒，以方便测试 http 请求的取消 Thread.Sleep(3000); var action = Request.QueryString["action"]; switch (action) { case "getString": // 响应 http get string Response.Write("hello webabcd: " + DateTime.Now.ToString("hh:mm:ss")); break; case "getStream": // 响应 http get stream Response.Write("hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd hello webabcd"); break; case "postString": // 响应 http post string Response.Write(string.Format("param1:{0}, param2:{1}, referrer:{2}", Request.Form["param1"], Request.Form["param2"], Request.UrlReferrer)); break; case "postStream": // 响应 http post stream using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(Request.InputStream)) { if (Request.InputStream.Length > 1024 * 100) { // 接收的数据太大，则显示“数据接收成功” Response.Write("数据接收成功"); } else { // 显示接收到的数据 string body = reader.ReadToEnd(); Response.Write(Server.HtmlEncode(body)); } } break; case "uploadFile": // 处理上传文件的请求 for (int i = 0; i < Request.Files.Count; i++) { string key = Request.Files.GetKey(i); HttpPostedFile file = Request.Files.Get(key); string savePath = @"d:\" + file.FileName; // 保存文件 file.SaveAs(savePath); Response.Write(string.Format("key: {0}, fileName: {1}, savePath: {2}", key, file.FileName, savePath)); Response.Write("\n"); } break; case "outputCookie": // 用于显示服务端获取到的 cookie 信息 for (int i = 0; i < Request.Cookies.Count; i++) { HttpCookie cookie = Request.Cookies[0]; Response.Write(string.Format("cookieName: {0}, cookieValue: {1}", cookie.Name, cookie.Value)); Response.Write("\n"); } break; case "outputCustomHeader": // 用于显示一个自定义的 http header Response.Write("myRequestHeader: " + Request.Headers["myRequestHeader"]); break; default: break; } Response.End(); } }}
1、演示新的 HttpClient
Summary.xaml.cs
/* * 本例简要说明新的命名空间 Windows.Web.Http 下的新的 HttpClient 的用法（其他相关类也均来自新的 Windows.Web.Http 命名空间） * 通过 HttpClient, HttpRequestMessage, HttpResponseMessage 实现 HTTP 通信 * * * 在 win8.1 中增强了 HttpClient 的功能并将此增强版的 HttpClient 转移至了 Windows.Web.Http 命名空间下（原 win8 的 HttpClient 在 System.Net.Http 命名空间下，依旧可用） * 1、如果要查看 System.Net.Http 命名空间下的 HttpClient 的用法请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2013/09/23/3334233.html * 2、关于支持 OAuth 2.0 验证的客户端也请参见：http://www.cnblogs.com/webabcd/archive/2013/09/23/3334233.html * * * HttpClient - 用于发起 http 请求，以及接收 http 响应 * GetStringAsync(), GetAsync(), GetBufferAsync(), GetInputStreamAsync() - http get 请求 * DeleteAsync() - http delete 请求 * PostAsync(), PutAsync() - http post/put 请求 * 参数：IHttpContent content - http 请求的数据 * 实现了 IHttpContent 的类有：HttpStringContent, HttpBufferContent, HttpStreamContent, HttpFormUrlEncodedContent, HttpMultipartFormDataContent 等 * 参数：HttpCompletionOption completionOption（HttpCompletionOption 枚举） * ResponseContentRead - 获取到全部内容后再返回数据，默认值 * ResponseHeadersRead - 获取到头信息后就返回数据，用于流式获取 * SendRequestAsync() - 根据指定的 HttpRequestMessage 对象发起请求 * * HttpRequestMessage - http 请求 * Method - http 方法 * RequestUri - 请求的 uri * Headers - http 的请求头信息 * Properties - 当做上下文用 * Content - http 请求的内容（IHttpContent 类型） * 实现了 IHttpContent 的类有：HttpStringContent, HttpBufferContent, HttpStreamContent, HttpFormUrlEncodedContent, HttpMultipartFormDataContent 等 * TransportInformation - 获取一个 HttpTransportInformation 类型的对象，用于 https 相关 * * HttpResponseMessage - http 响应 * RequestMessage - 对应的 HttpRequestMessage 对象 * Headers - http 的响应头信息 * Version - http 版本，默认是 1.1 * Source - 数据来源（HttpResponseMessageSource 枚举：Cache 或 Network） * StatusCode - http 响应的状态码 * ReasonPhrase - http 响应的状态码所对应的短语 * IsSuccessStatusCode - http 响应的状态码是否是成功的值（200-299） * EnsureSuccessStatusCode() - 当 IsSuccessStatusCode 为 false 时会抛出异常 * * * 另： * win8 metro 的 http 抓包可用 fiddler * * 还有： * http 通信还可以通过如下方法实现 * HttpWebRequest webRequest = WebRequest.Create(url); */using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;using Windows.Web.Http;namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP{ public sealed partial class Summary : Page { private HttpClient _httpClient; private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public Summary() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 释放资源 if (_httpClient != null) { _httpClient.Dispose(); _httpClient = null; } if (_cts != null) { _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } private async void btnPost_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try { string url = "http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postString"; // 创建一个 HttpRequestMessage 对象 HttpRequestMessage request = new HttpRequestMessage(HttpMethod.Post, new Uri(url)); // 需要 post 的数据 HttpFormUrlEncodedContent postData = http://www.mamicode.com/new HttpFormUrlEncodedContent( new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> { new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param1", "web"), new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param2", "abcd") } ); // http 请求的数据 request.Content = postData; // http 请求的头信息（叽歪一个，终于把 Referrer 改成 Referer 了） request.Headers.Referer = new Uri("http://webabcd.cnblogs.com"); // 请求 HttpRequestMessage 对象，并返回 HttpResponseMessage 数据 HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.SendRequestAsync(request).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 // http 响应的状态码及其对应的短语 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // 以字符串的方式获取响应数据 lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (TaskCanceledException) { lblMsg.Text += "取消了"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 取消 http 请求 if (_cts != null) { _cts.Cancel(); _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } }}
2、演示 http get string
GetString.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 http get string */using System;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;using Windows.Web.Http;namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP{ public sealed partial class GetString : Page { private HttpClient _httpClient; private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public GetString() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 释放资源 if (_httpClient != null) { _httpClient.Dispose(); _httpClient = null; } if (_cts != null) { _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } private async void btnGetString_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try { HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync(new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=getString")).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据 lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (TaskCanceledException) { lblMsg.Text += "取消了"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 取消 http 请求 if (_cts != null) { _cts.Cancel(); _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } }}
3、演示 http get stream
GetStream.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 http get stream */using System;using System.IO;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.Security.Cryptography;using Windows.Storage.Streams;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;using Windows.Web.Http;namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP{ public sealed partial class GetStream : Page { private HttpClient _httpClient; private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public GetStream() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 释放资源 if (_httpClient != null) { _httpClient.Dispose(); _httpClient = null; } if (_cts != null) { _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } private async void btnGetStream_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try { // HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead - 获取到头信息后就返回数据，用于流式获取 HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.GetAsync( new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=getStream"), HttpCompletionOption.ResponseHeadersRead).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据 using (Stream responseStream = (await response.Content.ReadAsInputStreamAsync()).AsStreamForRead()) { byte[] buffer = new byte[32]; int read = 0; while ((read = await responseStream.ReadAsync(buffer, 0, buffer.Length)) > 0) { lblMsg.Text += "读取的字节数: " + read.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; IBuffer responseBuffer = CryptographicBuffer.CreateFromByteArray(buffer); lblMsg.Text += CryptographicBuffer.EncodeToHexString(responseBuffer); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; buffer = new byte[32]; } } } catch (TaskCanceledException) { lblMsg.Text += "取消了"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 取消 http 请求 if (_cts != null) { _cts.Cancel(); _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } }}
4、演示 http post string
PostString.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 http post string */using System;using System.Collections.Generic;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;using Windows.Web.Http;namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP{ public sealed partial class PostString : Page { private HttpClient _httpClient; private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public PostString() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 释放资源 if (_httpClient != null) { _httpClient.Dispose(); _httpClient = null; } if (_cts != null) { _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } private async void btnPostString_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try { // 需要 post 的数据 var postData = http://www.mamicode.com/new HttpFormUrlEncodedContent( new List<KeyValuePair<string, string>> { new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param1", "web"), new KeyValuePair<string, string>("param2", "abcd") } ); HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.PostAsync( new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postString"), postData).AsTask(_cts.Token); // 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // HttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 以 string 方式获取响应数据 // HttpContent.ReadAsByteArrayAsync() - 以 byte[] 方式获取响应数据 // HttpContent.ReadAsStreamAsync() - 以 stream 方式获取响应数据 lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (TaskCanceledException) { lblMsg.Text += "取消了"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 取消 http 请求 if (_cts != null) { _cts.Cancel(); _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } }}
5、演示 http post stream
PostStream.xaml.cs
/* * 演示 http post stream */using System;using System.IO;using System.Threading;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;using Windows.Web.Http;namespace Windows81.Communication.HTTP{ public sealed partial class PostStream : Page { private HttpClient _httpClient; private CancellationTokenSource _cts; public PostStream() { this.InitializeComponent(); } protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e) { // 释放资源 if (_httpClient != null) { _httpClient.Dispose(); _httpClient = null; } if (_cts != null) { _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } private async void btnPostStream_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { _httpClient = new HttpClient(); _cts = new CancellationTokenSource(); try { // 需要 post 的 stream 数据 Stream stream = GenerateSampleStream(128); HttpStreamContent streamContent = new HttpStreamContent(stream.AsInputStream()); HttpResponseMessage response = await _httpClient.PostAsync( new Uri("http://localhost:39630/HttpDemo.aspx?action=postStream"), streamContent).AsTask(_cts.Token);// 取消请求的方式改为通过 CancellationTokenSource 来实现了 lblMsg.Text += ((int)response.StatusCode) + " " + response.ReasonPhrase; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; // IHttpContent.ReadAsStringAsync() - 获取 string 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsBufferAsync() - 获取 IBuffer 类型的响应数据 // IHttpContent.ReadAsInputStreamAsync() - 获取 IInputStream 类型的响应数据 lblMsg.Text += await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (TaskCanceledException) { lblMsg.Text += "取消了"; lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } catch (Exception ex) { lblMsg.Text += ex.ToString(); lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine; } } // 生成一个指定大小的内存流 private static MemoryStream GenerateSampleStream(int size) { byte[] subData = http://www.mamicode.com/new byte[size]; for (int i = 0; i < subData.Length; i++) { subData[i] = (byte)(97 + i % 26); // a-z } return new MemoryStream(subData); } private void btnCancel_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e) { // 取消 http 请求 if (_cts != null) { _cts.Cancel(); _cts.Dispose(); _cts = null; } } }}
OK
[源码下载]
重新想象 Windows 8.1 Store Apps (88) - 通信的新特性: 新的 HttpClient
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