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Android学习总结(十三) ———— ListView 简单用法

一、ListView的基本概念

  在Android所有常用的原生控件当中,用法最复杂的应该就是ListView了,它专门用于处理那种内容元素很多,手机屏幕无法展示出所有内容的情况。ListView可以使用列表的形式来展示内容,超出屏幕部分的内容只需要通过手指滑动就可以移动到屏幕内了。即使在ListView中加载非常非常多的数据,比如达到成百上千条甚至更多,ListView都不会发生崩溃,而且随着我们手指滑动来浏览更多数据时,程序所占用的内存竟然都不会跟着增长。

二、示例代码

  定义一个实体类,作为ListView适配器的适配类型,代码如下所示:

package com.nyl.listviewtest;


public class SkinCare {
    private String name;
    private String efficacy; //功效
    private int icon; //图标

    public SkinCare(String name, String efficacy, int icon) {
        this.name = name;
        this.efficacy = efficacy;
        this.icon = icon;
    }

    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }

    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    public String getEfficacy() {
        return efficacy;
    }

    public void setEfficacy(String efficacy) {
        this.efficacy = efficacy;
    }

    public int getIcon() {
        return icon;
    }

    public void setIcon(int icon) {
        this.icon = icon;
    }
}

  自定义一个ListView的子项布局,代码如下所示:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
    xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="120dp"
    android:orientation="horizontal">

    <ImageView
        android:id="@+id/ivSkinCare"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    <LinearLayout
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="match_parent"
        android:layout_marginLeft="10dp"
        android:orientation="vertical" >

        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tvName"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content"
            android:autoLink="all"
            android:textSize="15dp"/>
        <TextView
            android:id="@+id/tvEfficacy"
            android:layout_width="match_parent"
            android:layout_height="wrap_content" />

    </LinearLayout>


</LinearLayout>

  创建一个自定义的适配器,这个适配器继承自ArrayAdapter,并将泛型指定为SkinCare这个实体类,新建SkinCareAdapter类,代码如下所示:

package com.nyl.listviewtest;

import android.content.Context;
import android.view.LayoutInflater;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.ViewGroup;
import android.widget.ArrayAdapter;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.TextView;

import java.util.List;

/**
 * Created by Administrator on 2017/3/9 0009.
 */

public class SkinCareAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<SkinCare> {

    private int resourceId;


    public SkinCareAdapter(Context context, int resource, List<SkinCare> objects) {
        super(context, resource, objects);
        resourceId = resource;
    }

    /**
     * 这个方法在每个子项被滚动到屏幕内的时候调用
     */
    @Override
    public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
        //通过getItem()方法得到当前SkinCare的实例
        SkinCare skinCare = getItem(position);

        /**
         * 提高ListView的运行效率,在快速滚动的时候也可以表现出更好的性能
         */

        //使用ViewHolder来优化
        ViewHolder viewHolder;

        //判断convertView 为空
        if (convertView == null) {
            //如果为空使用LayoutInflater去加载布局
            convertView = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId, null);

            viewHolder = new ViewHolder();
            viewHolder.ivSkinCare = (ImageView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.ivSkinCare);
            viewHolder.tvName = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvName);
            viewHolder.tvEfficacy = (TextView) convertView.findViewById(R.id.tvEfficacy);
            //将ViewHolder存储在View中
            convertView.setTag(viewHolder);
        } else {
            //如果不为空直接对convertView进行重用
            //重新获取ViewHolder
            viewHolder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
        }


      /*  //使用LayoutInflater来加载传入的布局(这种写法运行效率是很低)
        View view = LayoutInflater.from(getContext()).inflate(resourceId,null);
        *//**
         * 调用View的findViewById()方法来获取布局控件
         *//*
        ivSkinCare = (ImageView) view.findViewById(R.id.ivSkinCare);
        tvName = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvName);
        tvEfficacy = (TextView) view.findViewById(R.id.tvEfficacy);

        //调用setImageResource()方法来设置显示的图片
        ivSkinCare.setImageResource(skinCare.getIcon());
        //设置护肤品的名字
        tvName.setText(skinCare.getName());
        //设置护肤品的功效
        tvEfficacy.setText(skinCare.getEfficacy());*/


        viewHolder.ivSkinCare.setImageResource(skinCare.getIcon());
        viewHolder.tvName.setText(skinCare.getName());
        viewHolder.tvEfficacy.setText(skinCare.getEfficacy());
        //将布局返回
        return convertView;
    }
        static class ViewHolder {
            ImageView ivSkinCare;
            TextView tvEfficacy;//护肤品的功效
            TextView tvName; //护肤品名
        }

}

  代码注释得很详细,不过多解释,接下编写MainActivity,代码如下所示:

package com.nyl.listviewtest;

import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.AdapterView;
import android.widget.ListView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class MainActivity extends Activity implements AdapterView.OnItemClickListener {

    private List<SkinCare> skinCare = new ArrayList<>();
    private SkinCareAdapter skinCareAdapter;
    private ListView lv;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        initSkinCare(); //初始化所有的护肤品数据
        skinCareAdapter = new SkinCareAdapter(MainActivity.this,R.layout.skin_care,skinCare);


        //初始化布局控件
        lv = (ListView) findViewById(R.id.lv);
        lv.setAdapter(skinCareAdapter);

        //设置setOnItemClickListener()方法来为ListView注册一个监听器
        lv.setOnItemClickListener(this);

    }

    /**
     * 当用户点击了ListView中任何一个子项时,就会回调onItemClick()方法,在这个方法中可以通过i参数判断出用户点击的哪一个
     * 子项,然后获取到相应的护肤品,通过Toast将护肤品的名字显示出来。
     */
    @Override
    public void onItemClick(AdapterView<?> adapterView, View view, int i, long l) {
        SkinCare sc = skinCare.get(i);
        Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this,sc.getName(),Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
    }


    /**
     * 构造函数中将护肤品的名字,功效和对应的图片id传入,然后把创建好的对象添加到护肤品列表中
     */
    private void initSkinCare() {
        SkinCare cleansingMilk = new SkinCare("洗面奶","基础清洁",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(cleansingMilk);

        SkinCare toner = new SkinCare("爽肤水","二次清洁,深层补水",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(toner);

        SkinCare essence = new SkinCare("精华液","集中解决肌肤某个问题,由内而外修复肌肤",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(essence);

        SkinCare eyeCream = new SkinCare("眼霜","舒缓眼部疲劳,改善眼部肤色",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(eyeCream);

        SkinCare latex  = new SkinCare("乳液","给皮肤补充充足的营养,激活肌肤细胞,形成胶原蛋白",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(latex );

        SkinCare faceCream  = new SkinCare("面霜","不断给肌肤补充充足的水分和养分,使肌肤保持润泽状态",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(faceCream );

        SkinCare mask  = new SkinCare("面膜","清透毛孔,清楚表皮污垢,黑头,死细胞",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(mask );

        SkinCare sunScreen  = new SkinCare("隔离霜","全面隔离紫外线、灰尘、尼古丁、电脑辐射等有害物质对皮肤造成伤害",R.mipmap.skin_care);
        skinCare.add(sunScreen );

        /**
         * 第二种写法
         */
        /*LinkedList<SkinCare> data = http://www.mamicode.com/new LinkedList<>();"洗面奶","基础清洁",R.mipmap.skin_care));*/
    }


}

  运行程序,并点击一下精华液,效果如下:

  技术分享

  简单的ListView知识就学到这里,更多的知识点下节继续!

Android学习总结(十三) ———— ListView 简单用法