/*代码来自StackOverflow: http://stackoverflow.com/questions/212528/linux-c-get-the-ip-address-of-local-computer */
#include <stdio.h>      
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <ifaddrs.h>
#include <netinet/in.h> 
#include <string.h> 
#include <arpa/inet.h>

int main (int argc, const char * argv[]) {
    struct ifaddrs * ifAddrStruct=NULL;
    void * tmpAddrPtr=NULL;

    getifaddrs(&ifAddrStruct);

    while (ifAddrStruct!=NULL) {
        if (ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr->sa_family==AF_INET) { // check it is IP4
            // is a valid IP4 Address
            tmpAddrPtr=&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
            char addressBuffer[INET_ADDRSTRLEN];
            inet_ntop(AF_INET, tmpAddrPtr, addressBuffer, INET_ADDRSTRLEN);
            printf("%s IP Address %s\n", ifAddrStruct->ifa_name, addressBuffer); 
        } else if (ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr->sa_family==AF_INET6) { // check it is IP6
            // is a valid IP6 Address
            tmpAddrPtr=&((struct sockaddr_in *)ifAddrStruct->ifa_addr)->sin_addr;
            char addressBuffer[INET6_ADDRSTRLEN];
            inet_ntop(AF_INET6, tmpAddrPtr, addressBuffer, INET6_ADDRSTRLEN);
            printf("%s IP Address %s\n", ifAddrStruct->ifa_name, addressBuffer); 
        } 
        ifAddrStruct=ifAddrStruct->ifa_next;
    }
    return 0;
}

C语言通过枚举网卡，API接口可查看man 7 netdevice--获取接口IP地址