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大数据系列之分布式计算批处理引擎MapReduce实践

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关于MR的工作原理不做过多叙述,本文将对MapReduce的实例WordCount(单词计数程序)做实践,从而理解MapReduce的工作机制。

WordCount:

  1.应用场景,在大量文件中存储了单词,单词之间用空格分隔

  2.类似场景:搜索引擎中,统计最流行的N个搜索词,统计搜索词频率,帮助优化搜索词提示。

  3.采用MapReduce执行过程如图

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     3.1MapReduce将作业的整个运行过程分为两个阶段

        3.1.1Map阶段和Reduce阶段

            Map阶段由一定数量的Map Task组成

            输入数据格式解析:InputFormat

            输入数据处理:Mapper

            数据分组:Partitioner

        3.1.2Reduce阶段由一定数量的Reduce Task组成

            数据远程拷贝

            数据按照key排序

            数据处理:Reducer

            数据输出格式:OutputFormat

 

  4.介绍代码结构

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  4.1 pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>hadoop</groupId>
    <artifactId>hadoop.mapreduce</artifactId>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun</id>
            <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-yarn-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-mapreduce-client-jobclient</artifactId>
            <version>2.7.3</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <artifactId>maven-assembly-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <configuration>
                    <classifier>dist</classifier>
                    <appendAssemblyId>true</appendAssemblyId>
                    <descriptorRefs>
                        <descriptor>jar-with-dependencies</descriptor>
                    </descriptorRefs>
                </configuration>
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <id>make-assembly</id>
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <goals>
                            <goal>single</goal>
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

   4.2 WordCount.java

package hadoop.mapreduce;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.fs.Path;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.IntWritable;
import org.apache.hadoop.io.Text;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Job;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Mapper;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.Reducer;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.input.FileInputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.lib.output.FileOutputFormat;
import org.apache.hadoop.util.GenericOptionsParser;

import java.io.IOException;

public class WordCount {

    public static class WordCountMap
            extends Mapper<Object, Text, Text, IntWritable> {

        public void map(Object key,Text value, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //在此处写map代码
            String[] lines = value.toString().split(" ");
            for (String word : lines) {
                context.write(new Text(word), new IntWritable(1));
            }
        }
    }

    public static class WordCountReducer
            extends Reducer<Text, IntWritable, Text, IntWritable> {

        public void reduce(Text key, Iterable<IntWritable> values, Context context) throws IOException, InterruptedException {
            //在此处写reduce代码
            int count=0;
            for (IntWritable cn : values) {
                count=count+cn.get();
            }
            context.write(key, new IntWritable(count));
        }
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException, InterruptedException {
        Configuration conf = new Configuration();
        String[] otherArgs = new GenericOptionsParser(conf, args).getRemainingArgs();
        if (otherArgs.length < 2) {
            System.err.println("Usage: wordcount <in> [<in>...] <out>");
            System.exit(2);
        }
        Job job = Job.getInstance(conf, "word count");
        job.setJarByClass(WordCount.class);
        //设置输入路径
        FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(job, new Path(args[0]));
        //设置输出路径
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job, new Path(args[1]));

        //设置实现map函数的类
        job.setMapperClass(WordCountMap.class);
        //设置实现reduce函数的类
        job.setReducerClass(WordCountReducer.class);

        //设置map阶段产生的key和value的类型
        job.setMapOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setMapOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        //设置reduce阶段产生的key和value的类型
        job.setOutputKeyClass(Text.class);
        job.setOutputValueClass(IntWritable.class);

        //提交job
        job.waitForCompletion(true);

        for (int i = 0; i < otherArgs.length - 1; ++i) {
            FileInputFormat.addInputPath(job, new Path(otherArgs[i]));
        }
        FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(job,new Path(otherArgs[otherArgs.length - 1]));

        System.exit(job.waitForCompletion(true) ? 0 : 1);
    }

}

  4.3 data目录下文件内容:

    to.txt 

hadoop spark hive hbase hive

    t1.txt

hive spark mapReduce spark

     t2.txt

sqoop spark hadoop

 

 5. 数据准备

  5.1 maven 打jar包为hadoop.mapreduce-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar,传入master服务器上

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  5.2 将需要计算的数据文件放入datajar/in (临时目录无所谓在哪里)

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  5.3 启动hadoop ,关于hadoop安装可参考我写的文章 大数据系列之Hadoop分布式集群部署

    将datajar/in文件传至hdfs 上

hadoop fs -put in /in  
#查看文件
hadoop fs -ls -R /in

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 5.4 执行jar

  两种命令方式

#第一种:hadoop jar
hadoop jar hadoop.mapreduce-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar hadoop.mapreduce.WordCount /in/* /out

#OR 
#第二种:yarn jar
yarn jar hadoop.mapreduce-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar hadoop.mapreduce.WordCount /in/* /yarnOut

   5.5.执行后输出内容分别如图

hadoop jar ...结果

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yarn jar ... 结果

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 6.查看结果内容

#查看hadoop ja 执行后输出结果目录
hadoop fs -ls -R /out

#查看yarn jar 执行后输出结果目录
hadoop fs -ls -R /yarnOut

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  目录说明:目录中_SUCCESS 是日志文件,part-r-00000是计算结果文件

  查看计算结果

#查看out/part-r-00000文件
 hadoop fs -text /out/part-r-00000

#查看yarnOut/part-r-00000文件
 hadoop fs -text /yarnOut/part-r-00000

 

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完~~~,Java代码内容已上传至GitHub https://github.com/fzmeng/MapReduceDemo

 

大数据系列之分布式计算批处理引擎MapReduce实践