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Python的.py文件打包成exe可执行文件

  前几天做了几个简单的爬虫python程序,于是就想做个窗口看看效果。


  首先是,窗口的话,以前没怎么接触过,就先考虑用Qt制作简单的ui。这里用前面sinanews的爬虫脚本为例,制作一个获取当天sina头条新闻的窗口。

  生成py文件后,运行该py文件,这里窗口我只是随便拖了几个组件进去,主要的text browser用于显示获取到的sinanews。

  首先贴一下我的配置(点击即可官方下载): Python 3.3.3

                      PyQt5-5.2.1 for Py3.3(当安装完Python3.3后,安装对应PyQt,其会找到Python安装目录,不用更改安装目录)

  Python3.3默认是没有安装pip的,需要下载get-pip.py运行之后,提示安装成功。

接下来就要安装一些必要的组件了。为了安装方便,先把pip添加进环境变量。下面我们就可以用pip命令安装组件了。

先把sina_news.py贴出来,观察需要哪些组件。

import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
res = requests.get(http://news.sina.com.cn/china/)
res.encoding = utf-8
soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,html.parser)

for news in soup.select(.news-item):
    if len(news.select(h2)) > 0:
        h2 = news.select(h2)[0].text
        a = news.select(a)[0][href]
        time = news.select(.time)[0].text
        print(time,h2,a)

发现import requests,import BeautifulSoup 所以先来安装这些组件

pip install requests

pip install BeautifulSoup4

当我们把这段代码贴进窗口代码后:

x.py

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

# Form implementation generated from reading ui file ‘x.ui‘
#
# Created by: PyQt5 UI code generator 5.8.1
#
# WARNING! All changes made in this file will be lost!
import sys
import requests
from PyQt5 import QtCore, QtGui, QtWidgets
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

class Ui_x(object):
    def getNews():
        res = requests.get(http://news.sina.com.cn/china/)
        res.encoding = utf-8
        soup = BeautifulSoup(res.text,html.parser)
        title = []
        for news in soup.select(.news-item):
            if len(news.select(h2)) > 0:
                h2 = news.select(h2)[0].text
                title.append(h2)
                a = news.select(a)[0][href]
                time = news.select(.time)[0].text
        return \n.join(title)

    
    def setupUi(self, x):
        x.setObjectName("x")
        x.resize(841, 749)
        self.timeEdit = QtWidgets.QTimeEdit(x)
        self.timeEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(310, 10, 141, 31))
        self.timeEdit.setObjectName("timeEdit")
        self.dateEdit = QtWidgets.QDateEdit(x)
        self.dateEdit.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(100, 10, 191, 31))
        self.dateEdit.setObjectName("dateEdit")
        self.textBrowser = QtWidgets.QTextBrowser(x)
        self.textBrowser.setGeometry(QtCore.QRect(60, 80, 701, 641))
        self.textBrowser.setObjectName("textBrowser")
        self.retranslateUi(x)
        QtCore.QMetaObject.connectSlotsByName(x)

    def retranslateUi(self, x):
        _translate = QtCore.QCoreApplication.translate
        x.setWindowTitle(_translate("x", "x"))

if __name__ == __main__:   
    app = QtWidgets.QApplication(sys.argv)
    Form = QtWidgets.QWidget()
    ui = Ui_x()
    ui.setupUi(Form)
    Form.show()
    ui.textBrowser.setText(Ui_x.getNews())
    sys.exit(app.exec_())

 

如果前面顺利的话,现在用python运行x.py应该能看到显示的窗口。

下面就是打包的过程了,这里笔者用的Pyinstaller,没有安装的话,要安装一下:

pip install pyinstaller

安装完成后,cmd路径cd到x.py所在目录。打包命令:

Pyinstaller -w x.py

此时,在x.py便生成dist文件夹,打包的x.exe就在此文件夹下。双击x.exe显示效果:

技术分享

当然还有许多改进的地方,比如在上面选择日期,获得指定日期的头条新闻。

笔者在这片博文主要介绍py文件的打包过程。

可能遇到的问题

打开打包后的程序无法运行
显示:
ImportError: No module named ‘queue‘

During handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:

Traceback (most recent call last):
File "test.py", line 2, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\__init__.py", line 63, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\utils.py", line 24, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\_internal_utils.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\compat.py", line 11, in <module>
File "c:\users\hasee\appdata\local\programs\python\python35-32\lib\site-packages\PyInstaller\loader\pyimod03_importers.py", line 389, in load_module
exec(bytecode, module.__dict__)
File "site-packages\requests\packages\__init__.py", line 29, in <module>
ImportError: No module named ‘urllib3‘
Failed to execute script test

 

当然这个错误代码,当时我没有保留,这是版本不匹配造成的:

我的Pyinstaller为3.2

需要降低requests的版本,requests2.10可以成功打包,而2.11就不行。这里贴上解决此问题用到的requests2.10不知道以后会不会修复这个问题。这个bug昨天做梦我还梦到呢。今天早上起来就解决了,兴奋的受不了。希望在此过程中遇到的问题对你会有所帮助。

                      

 

Python的.py文件打包成exe可执行文件