SQLite数据库和JPA简单介绍

@echod:cd D:\Database\sqlitecmd.exe

D:\Database\sqlite>sqlite3SQLite version 3.8.6 2014-08-15 11:46:33Enter ".help" for usage hints.Connected to a transient in-memory database.Use ".open FILENAME" to reopen on a persistent database.sqlite>

@echoPATH=%PATH%;D:\Database\sqlitecmd.exe

ECHO 处于打开状态。D:\Database>PATH=C:\ProgramData\Oracle\Java\javapath;D:\Program_Files\oraclexe\app\oracle\product\10.2.0\server\bin;C:\Program Files\AMD APP\bin\x86;C:\Windows\system32;C:\Windows;C:\Windows\System32\Wbem;C:\Windows\System32\WindowsPowerShell\v1.0\;C:\Program Files\ATI Technologies\ATI.ACE\Core-Static;C:\Python27;C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.5\bin;D:\Idea\config\apache-maven-3.2.3\bin;D:\Idea\config\apache-ant-1.9.4\bin;D:\Database\sqliteD:\Database>cmd.exeMicrosoft Windows [版本 6.3.9600](c) 2013 Microsoft Corporation。保留所有权利。D:\Database>sqlite3SQLite version 3.8.6 2014-08-15 11:46:33Enter ".help" for usage hints.Connected to a transient in-memory database.Use ".open FILENAME" to reopen on a persistent database.sqlite>

sqlite> .schema sqlite_mastercreate table episodes( id integer primary key, season int, name text );

insert into episodes values(1, 1, ‘one‘);select * from episodes;

D:\Database\sqlite>sqlite3 test1.dbSQLite version 3.8.6 2014-08-15 11:46:33Enter ".help" for usage hints.sqlite> sqlite3 test1.db;Error: near "sqlite3": syntax errorsqlite> 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd ">    <persistence-unit name="module1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">        <properties>            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />        </properties>    </persistence-unit></persistence>

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>    <groupId>yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1</groupId>    <artifactId>module1</artifactId>    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>    <packaging>jar</packaging>    <name>module1</name>    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>    <properties>        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>    </properties>    <dependencies>        <dependency>            <groupId>junit</groupId>            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>            <version>4.11</version>            <scope>test</scope>        </dependency>        <!-- for JPA, use hibernate-entitymanager instead of hibernate-core -->        <dependency>            <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>            <artifactId>hibernate-entitymanager</artifactId>            <version>4.3.6.Final</version>        </dependency>        <dependency>            <groupId>org.xerial</groupId>            <artifactId>sqlite-jdbc</artifactId>            <version>3.7.2</version>        </dependency>    </dependencies></project>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><persistence version="2.1" xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"    xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence                         http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_2_1.xsd ">    <persistence-unit name="module1" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">        <class>yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean.Person</class>        <properties>            <property name="hibernate.dialect" value="com.applerao.hibernatesqlite.dialect.SQLiteDialect" />            <property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="update" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.driver_class" value="org.sqlite.JDBC" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.url" value="jdbc:sqlite://D:/Database/sqlite/test1.db" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.username" value="" />            <property name="hibernate.connection.password" value="" />            <property name="hibernate.show_sql" value="true" />        </properties>    </persistence-unit></persistence>

package com.applerao.hibernatesqlite.dialect;/** * https://code.google.com/p/hibernate-sqlite/source/browse/trunk/source/src/main/java/com/applerao/hibernatesqlite/dialect/SQLiteDialect.java?r=24 * http://www.myexception.cn/open-source/1120141.html *  *//* * The author disclaims copyright to this source code. In place of * a legal notice, here is a blessing: *  * May you do good and not evil. * May you find forgiveness for yourself and forgive others. * May you share freely, never taking more than you give. * */import java.sql.Types;import org.hibernate.dialect.Dialect;import org.hibernate.dialect.function.SQLFunctionTemplate;import org.hibernate.dialect.function.StandardSQLFunction;import org.hibernate.dialect.function.VarArgsSQLFunction;import org.hibernate.type.StandardBasicTypes;public class SQLiteDialect extends Dialect {    public SQLiteDialect() {        super();        registerColumnType(Types.BIT, "integer");        registerColumnType(Types.TINYINT, "tinyint");        registerColumnType(Types.SMALLINT, "smallint");        registerColumnType(Types.INTEGER, "integer");        registerColumnType(Types.BIGINT, "bigint");        registerColumnType(Types.FLOAT, "float");        registerColumnType(Types.REAL, "real");        registerColumnType(Types.DOUBLE, "double");        registerColumnType(Types.NUMERIC, "numeric");        registerColumnType(Types.DECIMAL, "decimal");        registerColumnType(Types.CHAR, "char");        registerColumnType(Types.VARCHAR, "varchar");        registerColumnType(Types.LONGVARCHAR, "longvarchar");        registerColumnType(Types.DATE, "date");        registerColumnType(Types.TIME, "time");        registerColumnType(Types.TIMESTAMP, "timestamp");        registerColumnType(Types.BINARY, "blob");        registerColumnType(Types.VARBINARY, "blob");        registerColumnType(Types.LONGVARBINARY, "blob");        // registerColumnType(Types.NULL, "null");        registerColumnType(Types.BLOB, "blob");        registerColumnType(Types.CLOB, "clob");        registerColumnType(Types.BOOLEAN, "integer");        registerFunction("concat", new VarArgsSQLFunction(StandardBasicTypes.STRING, "", "||", ""));        registerFunction("mod", new SQLFunctionTemplate(StandardBasicTypes.INTEGER, "?1 % ?2"));        registerFunction("substr", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StandardBasicTypes.STRING));        registerFunction("substring", new StandardSQLFunction("substr", StandardBasicTypes.STRING));    }    public boolean supportsIdentityColumns() {        return true;    }    /*     * public boolean supportsInsertSelectIdentity() { return true; // As     * specify in NHibernate dialect }     */    public boolean hasDataTypeInIdentityColumn() {        return false; // As specify in NHibernate dialect    }    /*     * public String appendIdentitySelectToInsert(String insertString) { return     * new StringBuffer(insertString.length()+30). // As specify in NHibernate     * dialect append(insertString).     * append("; ").append(getIdentitySelectString()). toString(); }     */    public String getIdentityColumnString() {        // return "integer primary key autoincrement";        return "integer";    }    public String getIdentitySelectString() {        return "select last_insert_rowid()";    }    public boolean supportsLimit() {        return true;    }    public String getLimitString(String query, boolean hasOffset) {        return new StringBuffer(query.length() + 20).append(query).append(hasOffset ? " limit ? offset ?" : " limit ?").toString();    }    public boolean supportsTemporaryTables() {        return true;    }    public String getCreateTemporaryTableString() {        return "create temporary table if not exists";    }    public boolean dropTemporaryTableAfterUse() {        return false;    }    public boolean supportsCurrentTimestampSelection() {        return true;    }    public boolean isCurrentTimestampSelectStringCallable() {        return false;    }    public String getCurrentTimestampSelectString() {        return "select current_timestamp";    }    public boolean supportsUnionAll() {        return true;    }    public boolean hasAlterTable() {        return false; // As specify in NHibernate dialect    }    public boolean dropConstraints() {        return false;    }    public String getAddColumnString() {        return "add column";    }    public String getForUpdateString() {        return "";    }    public boolean supportsOuterJoinForUpdate() {        return false;    }    public String getDropForeignKeyString() {        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No drop foreign key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");    }    public String getAddForeignKeyConstraintString(String constraintName, String[] foreignKey, String referencedTable, String[] primaryKey, boolean referencesPrimaryKey) {        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No add foreign key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");    }    public String getAddPrimaryKeyConstraintString(String constraintName) {        throw new UnsupportedOperationException("No add primary key syntax supported by SQLiteDialect");    }    public boolean supportsIfExistsBeforeTableName() {        return true;    }    public boolean supportsCascadeDelete() {        return false;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;@Entitypublic class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    // @GeneratedValue (strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void save() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager manager = factory.createEntityManager();        manager.getTransaction().begin();        manager.persist(new Person("person1"));        manager.getTransaction().commit();        manager.close();        factory.close();    }    }

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Table;@Entity@Table(name="xxxPerson")public class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Column(length=10, nullable=false, name="personName")    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.EnumType;import javax.persistence.Enumerated;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;@Entitypublic class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    private Date birthday; //1987-12-10    private Gender gender = Gender.MAN; //默认值为MAN    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Column(length=10, nullable=false)    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }        @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)    public Date getBirthday() {        return birthday;    }    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {        this.birthday = birthday;    }        @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)    @Column(length=5, nullable=false/*保存枚举值要设置数据库的字段不能为空*/)     public Gender getGender() {        return gender;    }    public void setGender(Gender gender) {        this.gender = gender;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;public enum Gender {    MAN,WOMEN}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.EnumType;import javax.persistence.Enumerated;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Lob;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;@Entitypublic class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    private Date birthday; //1987-12-10    private Gender gender = Gender.MAN; //默认值为MAN    private String info; //存放大文本数据    private byte[] file; //存放文件    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Column(length=10, nullable=false)    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }        @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)    public Date getBirthday() {        return birthday;    }    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {        this.birthday = birthday;    }        @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)    @Column(length=5, nullable=false/*保存枚举值要设置数据库的字段不能为空*/)     public Gender getGender() {        return gender;    }    public void setGender(Gender gender) {        this.gender = gender;    }        @Lob    public String getInfo() {        return info;    }    public void setInfo(String info) {        this.info = info;    }        @Lob    public byte[] getFile() {        return file;    }    public void setFile(byte[] file) {        this.file = file;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.Basic;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.EnumType;import javax.persistence.Enumerated;import javax.persistence.FetchType;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Lob;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;import javax.persistence.Transient;@Entitypublic class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    private Date birthday; //1987-12-10    private Gender gender = Gender.MAN; //默认值为MAN    private String info; //存放大文本    private byte[] file; //存放大文件，延迟加载    private String imagePath; //不持久化的字段    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Column(length=10, nullable=false)    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }        @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)    public Date getBirthday() {        return birthday;    }    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {        this.birthday = birthday;    }        @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)    @Column(length=5, nullable=false/*保存枚举值要设置数据库的字段不能为空*/)     public Gender getGender() {        return gender;    }    public void setGender(Gender gender) {        this.gender = gender;    }        @Lob    public String getInfo() {        return info;    }    public void setInfo(String info) {        this.info = info;    }        @Lob    @Basic(fetch=FetchType.LAZY) //访问这个属性的时候才会加载进内存    public byte[] getFile() {        return file;    }    public void setFile(byte[] file) {        this.file = file;    }        @Transient    public String getImagePath() {        return imagePath;    }    public void setImagePath(String imagePath) {        this.imagePath = imagePath;    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.Date;import javax.persistence.Column;import javax.persistence.Entity;import javax.persistence.EnumType;import javax.persistence.Enumerated;import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;import javax.persistence.Id;import javax.persistence.Temporal;import javax.persistence.TemporalType;import javax.persistence.Transient;@Entitypublic class Person {    private Integer id;    private String name;    private Date birthday; //1987-12-10    private Gender gender = Gender.MAN; //默认值为MAN    private String imagePath; //不持久化的字段    public Person() {}    public Person(String name) {        this.name = name;    }    @Id    @GeneratedValue    public Integer getId() {        return id;    }    public void setId(Integer id) {        this.id = id;    }    @Column(length=10, nullable=false)    public String getName() {        return name;    }    public void setName(String name) {        this.name = name;    }        @Temporal(TemporalType.DATE)    public Date getBirthday() {        return birthday;    }    public void setBirthday(Date birthday) {        this.birthday = birthday;    }        @Enumerated(EnumType.STRING)    @Column(length=5, nullable=false/*保存枚举值要设置数据库的字段不能为空*/)     public Gender getGender() {        return gender;    }    public void setGender(Gender gender) {        this.gender = gender;    }        @Transient    public String getImagePath() {        return imagePath;    }    public void setImagePath(String imagePath) {        this.imagePath = imagePath;    }        @Override    public String toString() {        return "Person [id=" + id + ", name=" + name + ", birthday=" + birthday + ", gender=" + gender + ", imagePath=" + imagePath + "]";    }}

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {        @Test    public void getPerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();//        em.getTransaction().begin();        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1);        System.out.println(person);//        em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();    }}

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.birthday as birthday2_0_0_, person0_.gender as gender3_0_0_, person0_.name as name4_0_0_ from Person person0_ where person0_.id=?Person [id=1, name=person1, birthday=null, gender=MAN, imagePath=null]

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void getPerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();//        Person person = em.find(Person.class, 1); //相当于hibernate的get        Person person = em.getReference(Person.class, 1); //相当于hibernate的load//        load之后返回的是代理对象，使用的是cglib动态创建字节码的技术//        如果不访问数据，是不回发生数据的加载行为的//        org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session        em.close();        System.out.println(person.getName());        factory.close();    }    }

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 1, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 2.712 sec <<< FAILURE!getPerson(yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean.PersonTest) Time elapsed: 2.613 sec <<< ERROR!org.hibernate.LazyInitializationException: could not initialize proxy - no Session

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void getPerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        /*Person person = em.find(Person.class, 2);//null        Person person = em.getReference(Person.class, 2);//javax.persistence.EntityNotFoundException        System.out.println(person);*/        Person person = em.getReference(Person.class, 2);        System.out.println(person.getName()); //这里出现了异常        em.close();        factory.close();    }    }

at yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean.Person_$$_jvst586_0.getName(Person_$$_jvst586_0.java)at yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean.PersonTest.getPerson(PersonTest.java:19)

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void updatePerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        em.getTransaction().begin();                Person person = em.find(Person.class, 2);        person.setName("老张");                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();                /**         * JPA对象的四种状态         * new(新建)         * managed(托管)         * 游离(脱管)         * 删除         *          * 当一个对象与事务关联且进入托管状态时，         * 对属性进行更新，对应的数据就会同步到数据库         * 对象的属性发生更改后，会放进jdbc的批提交里去         *          */    }    }

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void updatePerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        em.getTransaction().begin();                Person person = em.find(Person.class, 2);        em.clear(); //把实体管理器中的所有实体变成游离对象        person.setName("老黎");        em.merge(person); //把游离对象同步回数据库                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();    }    }

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void deletePerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        em.getTransaction().begin();                Person person = em.find(Person.class, 2);        em.remove(person);                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();    }    }

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import javax.persistence.Query;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void updateQuery() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        em.getTransaction().begin();                Person person = em.find(Person.class, 3);        /**         * 业务处理期间，有人修改了获取的数据         * 这时，这个对象就不能拥有数据库中最新的数据         * 再次调用find方法也是不能获得最新数据的         * 它会从EntityManager的一级缓存中获取刚才查询的对象         * refresh可以刷新这个实体         */        em.refresh(person);        System.out.println(person.getName());                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();            }    }

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.birthday as birthday2_0_0_, person0_.gender as gender3_0_0_, person0_.name as name4_0_0_ from Person person0_ where person0_.id=?Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_0_, person0_.birthday as birthday2_0_0_, person0_.gender as gender3_0_0_, person0_.name as name4_0_0_ from Person person0_ where person0_.id=?person1

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import javax.persistence.Query;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void queryPerson() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();        /**         * 用hibernate实现的JPA是可以不写select o的         * 建议写上select o，因为这是JPA的规范         *          * 写据查询语句参数的时候，不要把参数直接放进去         * 这样会造成字符串的组拼，delete from table_name会删除所有的表的数据         * 可以使用命名参数，比如:id；也可以使用位参，比如?；         * 位参可以设置编号，在问号后写1：?1，表示从1开始         *          *///        Query query = em.createQuery("select count(o) from Person o");        Query query = em.createQuery("select o from Person o where o.id=?1");        query.setParameter(1, 2);//        Person person = (Person) query.getSingleResult();//        System.out.println(person.getName());        @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")        List<Person> persons = query.getResultList();        for(Person p : persons)            System.out.println(p.getName());                em.close();        factory.close();            }    }

Hibernate: select person0_.id as id1_0_, person0_.birthday as birthday2_0_, person0_.gender as gender3_0_, person0_.name as name4_0_ from Person person0_ where person0_.id=?person1

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import java.util.List;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import javax.persistence.Query;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void deleteQuery() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();//        如果不开启事务//        javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query        em.getTransaction().begin();                Query query = em.createQuery("delete from Person o where o.id=?1");        query.setParameter(1, 2);        query.executeUpdate();                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();            }    }

javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query/module1/src/test/java/yuki/jpa/hibernate/app1/module1/bean/personTest2/PersonTest2Hibernate: delete from Person where id=?

package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean;import javax.persistence.EntityManager;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.Persistence;import javax.persistence.Query;import org.junit.Test;public class PersonTest {    @Test    public void updateQuery() {        EntityManagerFactory factory = Persistence.createEntityManagerFactory("module1");        EntityManager em = factory.createEntityManager();//        如果不开启事务//        javax.persistence.TransactionRequiredException: Executing an update/delete query        em.getTransaction().begin();                Query query = em.createQuery("update Person o set o.name=:name where o.id=:id");        query.setParameter("name", "name3");        query.setParameter("id", 3);        query.executeUpdate();                em.getTransaction().commit();        em.close();        factory.close();            }    }

/module1/src/test/java/yuki/jpa/hibernate/app1/module1/bean/personTest2/PersonTest3Hibernate: update Person set name=? where id=?

org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider# The deprecated provider, logs warnings when used.org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence

/* * Copyright (c) 2008, 2009, 2011 Oracle, Inc. All rights reserved. * * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the * terms of the Eclipse Public License v1.0 and Eclipse Distribution License v. 1.0 * which accompanies this distribution.  The Eclipse Public License is available * at http://www.eclipse.org/legal/epl-v10.html and the Eclipse Distribution License * is available at http://www.eclipse.org/org/documents/edl-v10.php. *///package javax.persistence;package yuki.jpa.hibernate.app1.module1.bean.persistence;import java.util.HashSet;import java.util.List;import java.util.Map;import java.util.Set;import javax.persistence.EntityManagerFactory;import javax.persistence.PersistenceException;import javax.persistence.PersistenceUtil;import javax.persistence.spi.LoadState;import javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider;import javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceProviderResolverHolder;/** * Bootstrap class that provides access to an EntityManagerFactory. */public class Persistence {    @Deprecated    public static final String PERSISTENCE_PROVIDER = "javax.persistence.spi.PeristenceProvider";    @Deprecated    protected static final Set<PersistenceProvider> providers = new HashSet<PersistenceProvider>();    /**     * Create and return an EntityManagerFactory for the named persistence unit.     *     * @param persistenceUnitName The name of the persistence unit     *     * @return The factory that creates EntityManagers configured according to the specified persistence unit     */    /// 一开始调用的方法    public static EntityManagerFactory createEntityManagerFactory(String persistenceUnitName) {        return createEntityManagerFactory( persistenceUnitName, null );    }    /**     * Create and return an EntityManagerFactory for the named persistence unit using the given properties.     *     * @param persistenceUnitName The name of the persistence unit     * @param properties Additional properties to use when creating the factory. The values of these properties override     * any values that may have been configured elsewhere     *     * @return The factory that creates EntityManagers configured according to the specified persistence unit     */    // 被一开始调用的方法指向的方法    public static EntityManagerFactory createEntityManagerFactory(String persistenceUnitName, @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") Map properties) {        EntityManagerFactory emf = null;        /**         * 寻找类路径下所有的持久化驱动类，JPA并不依赖于某一个持久化产品         * 如何与持久化产品进行对接，使用的是类似于JDBC驱动的一个类         * 这个类在jdbc里叫做jdbc驱动，在持久化里叫做持久化驱动类         *          * D:\Idea\maven\repository\org\hibernate\hibernate-entitymanager\4.3.6.Final\hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.6.Final.jar         * 寻找hibernate-entitymanager-4.3.6.Final.jar/META-INF/services/javax.persistence.spi.PersistenceProvider//                org.hibernate.jpa.HibernatePersistenceProvider//                # The deprecated provider, logs warnings when used.//                org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence         * 找到指定的持久化驱动，这个文件起到了桥梁的作用         *          */        List<PersistenceProvider> providers = getProviders();        /**         * 遍历所有的驱动，具体使用哪一个具有随机性         * 如果创建出了EntityManagerFactory对象，就跳出循环         */        for ( PersistenceProvider provider : providers ) {            emf = provider.createEntityManagerFactory( persistenceUnitName, properties );            if ( emf != null ) {                break;            }        }        if ( emf == null ) {            throw new PersistenceException( "No Persistence provider for EntityManager named " + persistenceUnitName );        }        return emf;    }    private static List<PersistenceProvider> getProviders() {        return PersistenceProviderResolverHolder                .getPersistenceProviderResolver()                .getPersistenceProviders();    }    /**     * Create database schemas and/or tables and/or create DDL scripts as determined by the supplied properties     *     * Called when schema generation is to occur as a separate phase from creation of the entity manager factory.     *     * @param persistenceUnitName the name of the persistence unit     * @param properties properties for schema generation; these may also contain provider-specific properties. The     * values of these properties override any values that may have been configured elsewhere.     *     * @throws PersistenceException if insufficient or inconsistent configuration information is provided or if schema     * generation otherwise fails.     */    public static void generateSchema(String persistenceUnitName, @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") Map properties) {        List<PersistenceProvider> providers = getProviders();        for ( PersistenceProvider provider : providers ) {            final boolean generated = provider.generateSchema( persistenceUnitName, properties );            if ( generated ) {                return;            }        }        throw new PersistenceException(                "No persistence provider found for schema generation for persistence-unit named " + persistenceUnitName        );    }    /**     * @return Returns a <code>PersistenceUtil</code> instance.     */    public static PersistenceUtil getPersistenceUtil() {        return util;    }    private static PersistenceUtil util =            //TODO add an Hibernate specific optimization        new PersistenceUtil() {            public boolean isLoaded(Object entity, String attributeName) {                List<PersistenceProvider> providers = Persistence.getProviders();                for ( PersistenceProvider provider : providers ) {                    final LoadState state = provider.getProviderUtil().isLoadedWithoutReference( entity, attributeName );                    if ( state == LoadState.UNKNOWN ) continue;                    return state == LoadState.LOADED;                }                for ( PersistenceProvider provider : providers ) {                    final LoadState state = provider.getProviderUtil().isLoadedWithReference( entity, attributeName );                    if ( state == LoadState.UNKNOWN ) continue;                    return state == LoadState.LOADED;                }                return true;            }            public boolean isLoaded(Object object) {                List<PersistenceProvider> providers = Persistence.getProviders();                for ( PersistenceProvider provider : providers ) {                    final LoadState state = provider.getProviderUtil().isLoaded( object );                    if ( state == LoadState.UNKNOWN ) continue;                    return state == LoadState.LOADED;                }                return true;            }        };}