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Java - 网络I/O的阻塞
最近学习时碰到事件驱动和非阻塞的相关知识,
随之想到了Java中的Reactor、io与nio的一些东西;
在前辈的博客上翻了翻、复习复习,在此记录一番。
实在找不到比较大点的东西,于是随便弄了个压缩包,大小在1G左右;
写个程序模拟一下下载,开两个客户端线程请求下载;
结果会是:一个请求会一直阻塞,直到一个文件下载完成后另一个文件才开始下载。
先看看服务端的代码:
class DownLoadServer implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { try { @SuppressWarnings("resource") final ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8989); while (true) { Socket server = ss.accept(); byte[] bfile = new byte[1024]; try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:/doc_backup.rar"); OutputStream os = server.getOutputStream(); while (fis.read(bfile) > -1) { os.write(bfile); } fis.close(); server.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server线程输出流我的天"); } } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("server线程 我的天~"); } }}
很简单,就是accept后开个inputStream和outputStream,边读边写。
接着再看看客户端的代码:
class DownlLoadClient implements Runnable { @SuppressWarnings("resource") @Override public void run() { try { Socket client = new Socket("127.0.0.1", 8989); InputStream is = client.getInputStream(); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream( "E:/testfolder/langchao" + Thread.currentThread().getId() + ".txt"); byte[] fromServer = new byte[1024]; while (is.read(fromServer) > -1) { fos.write(fromServer); } client.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("client线程我的天~"); } }}
输出的文件名是随便取的,也没什么特别,只是把读过来的输出去。
结果当然是这个样子的:
服务端只有一对inputStream和outputStream对象在受理请求,前面的没写完后面的别想写。
那如果有很多inputStream和outputStream对象受理请求呢?
想法不错,也就是说把服务端代码改成这样子:
class DownLoadServer implements Runnable { @Override public void run() { try { @SuppressWarnings("resource") final ServerSocket ss = new ServerSocket(8989); while (true) { final Socket server = ss.accept(); Thread t = new Thread() { @Override public void run() { super.run(); byte[] bfile = new byte[1024]; try { FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("D:/doc_backup.rar"); OutputStream os = server.getOutputStream(); while (fis.read(bfile) > -1) { os.write(bfile); } fis.close(); server.close(); } catch (IOException e) { System.out.println("server线程输出流我的天"); } } }; t.start(); } } catch (Exception e) { System.out.println("server线程 我的天~"); } }}
大概就是这个意思,每accept到就为客户端提供"一对一特殊服务";
嗯,或者也可以算一下获取了多少下载请求,每N次请求开1次"特殊服务"。
但无论如何都无法回避一个问题——"特殊服务"的成本很高,线程的切换和线程的资源都是开销。
如果继续按照这个方法做下去,也只能是弄个Thread Pool。
但如果请求数量超过了pool的maxActive数量,那问题又饶了一圈回来了。
我们追求低成本高效率,于是早在JDK1.4就有了java.nio;
nio怎么讲?有说是new io的、也有叫native io,或许叫non-block io...
概念上也就是channel、buffer、selector、selectionKey...
先看一下server代码:
System.out.println("server start...");ServerSocketChannel serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open();serverChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8989));serverChannel.configureBlocking(false);Selector sel = Selector.open();serverChannel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT);File file = new File("D:/doc_backup.rar");ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100*1024);CharsetDecoder decoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newDecoder();while(true){ sel.select(); Iterator<SelectionKey> selKeyItr = sel.selectedKeys().iterator(); while(selKeyItr.hasNext()){ SelectionKey key = selKeyItr.next(); selKeyItr.remove(); String outputFilePath=StringUtils.EMPTY; if(key.isAcceptable()){ System.out.println("server acceptable"); SocketChannel channel = ((ServerSocketChannel)key.channel()).accept(); channel.configureBlocking(false); channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_READ); }else if(key.isReadable()){ System.out.println("server readable"); SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); channel.configureBlocking(false); channel.read(buffer); buffer.flip(); CharBuffer clientBuffer = decoder.decode(buffer); outputFilePath = clientBuffer.toString(); buffer.clear(); SelectionKey writeKey = channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE); }else if(key.isWritable()){ System.out.println("server writable"); SocketChannel channel =(SocketChannel) key.channel(); FileChannel fileChannel = new FileInputStream(file).getChannel(); ByteBuffer fileByte = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024*100); while(fileChannel.read(fileByte)!=-1){ fileByte.flip(); channel.write(fileByte); fileByte.clear(); } channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_READ); } }}
代码贴出来有点乱,但也就开一个线程,监听与注册事件。
select()方法必须,不然client的send根本recv不到。
socketChannel将blocking设置为false,不然会在事件注册时出现java.nio.channels.IllegalBlockingModeException
Unchecked exception thrown when a blocking-mode-specific operation is invoked upon a channel in the incorrect blocking mode.
同样地,在write事件中把blocking设置为true或者使用阻塞的面向流的IO也会出现同样的异常。
client继承Thread,run method如下:
public void run() { try { System.out.println("client..."); SocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(8989); SocketChannel client = SocketChannel.open(); client.configureBlocking(false); Selector sel = Selector.open(); client.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder(); client.connect(addr); while (true) { sel.select(); Iterator<SelectionKey> selKeyItr = sel.selectedKeys().iterator(); while (selKeyItr.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = selKeyItr.next(); selKeyItr.remove(); if (key.isConnectable()) { System.out.println("client connectble"); SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); String filePath = "E:/testfolder/channelTest"+Thread.currentThread().getId()+".rar"; channel.finishConnect(); channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap(filePath))); channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_READ).attach(filePath); } else if (key.isReadable()) { System.out.println("client readble..."); SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); if(key.attachment()!=null){ @SuppressWarnings("resource") FileChannel fc = new FileOutputStream(key.attachment().toString()).getChannel(); ByteBuffer fileByte = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024*100); while(channel.read(fileByte)!=-1){ fileByte.flip(); fc.write(fileByte); fileByte.clear(); } } channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
在上面代码中的attach()并没有发挥太大用处,attach()可以为selectionKey对象添加任何一个object。
但仅限一个,若没添加,attachment()会取出null。
运行后发现事件都获取到了,但文件仍然是一个接一个的下载。
原因是server触发write事件后创建fileChannel并一次写完。
事件响应的执行体太大,影响后面的执行。
非阻塞嘛,要得就是立即返回。
解决方法是分多次事件去读写,每次事件继续读写上一次事件的缓冲。
我可以好好使用一下这个attach()了。
首先我加了一个resolver类,我打算把他的实例加到attachment中去:
class ChannelResolver{ private FileChannel channel; private ByteBuffer buffer; private FileInputStream fis; public ChannelResolver(String filePath){ try { this.fis = new FileInputStream(filePath); this.channel = this.fis.getChannel(); buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(1024*100); } catch (FileNotFoundException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } ByteBuffer readInto(){ try { buffer.clear(); int i = channel.read(buffer); buffer.flip(); if(i<0){ return null; } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return buffer; }}
将channel注册write事件后在return的selectionKey上attach一个实例。
然后在write事件中获取attachment进行读写:
public void run() { System.out.println("server start..."); ServerSocketChannel serverChannel; try { serverChannel = ServerSocketChannel.open(); serverChannel.bind(new InetSocketAddress(8989)); serverChannel.configureBlocking(false); Selector sel = Selector.open(); serverChannel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_ACCEPT); ByteBuffer buffer = ByteBuffer.allocate(100*1024); CharsetDecoder decoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newDecoder(); while(true){ sel.select(); Iterator<SelectionKey> selKeyItr = sel.selectedKeys().iterator(); while(selKeyItr.hasNext()){ SelectionKey key = selKeyItr.next(); selKeyItr.remove(); if(key.isAcceptable()){ System.out.println("server acceptable"); SocketChannel channel = ((ServerSocketChannel)key.channel()).accept(); channel.configureBlocking(false); channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_READ); }else if(key.isReadable()){ System.out.println("server readable"+Thread.currentThread().getName()); SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); if(channel.read(buffer)>0){ buffer.flip(); CharBuffer clientBuffer = decoder.decode(buffer); System.out.println("from client::"+clientBuffer.toString()); buffer.clear(); } channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_WRITE).attach(new ChannelResolver("D:/doc_backup.rar")); }else if(key.isWritable()){ SocketChannel channel =(SocketChannel) key.channel(); if(key.attachment()!=null){ ChannelResolver resolver = (ChannelResolver)key.attachment(); buffer = resolver.readInto(); if(buffer!=null){ channel.write(buffer); } } } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
在handler的readInto()中已经进行了flip(),在这里就不用再flip()了。
相应地,client的读取也要改一下:
public void run() { try { System.out.println("client..."); SocketAddress addr = new InetSocketAddress(8989); SocketChannel client = SocketChannel.open(); client.configureBlocking(false); Selector sel = Selector.open(); client.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_CONNECT); CharsetEncoder encoder = Charset.forName("UTF-8").newEncoder(); ByteBuffer buffer= ByteBuffer.allocate(1024*500); client.connect(addr); while (true) { sel.select(); Iterator<SelectionKey> selKeyItr = sel.selectedKeys().iterator(); while (selKeyItr.hasNext()) { SelectionKey key = selKeyItr.next(); selKeyItr.remove(); if (key.isConnectable()) { System.out.println("client connectble"); SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); channel.configureBlocking(false); channel.finishConnect(); channel.write(encoder.encode(CharBuffer.wrap("start download"))); channel.register(sel, SelectionKey.OP_READ); } else if (key.isReadable()) { SocketChannel channel = (SocketChannel) key.channel(); if(channel.read(buffer)>0){ buffer.flip(); fc.write(buffer); buffer.clear(); }else{ channel.close(); } } } } } catch (IOException e) { e.printStackTrace(); }}
下面引用书本上的一段话:
[是基于事件驱动思想的,实现上通常采用Reactor模式,从程序角度而言,当发起IO的读写操作时,是非阻塞的;当socket有流可读或可写入socket时,操作系统会相应地通知应用程序进行处理,应用再将流读取到缓冲区或写入操作系统。对于网络IO而言,主要有连接建立、流读取和流写入三种事件。
AIO同样基于事件驱动思想,实现上通常采用Proactor模式。从程序角度而言,和NIO不同,当进行读写操作时,只须直接调用API的read或write方法即可。这两种方法均为异步的,对于读操作而言,当有流可读取时,操作系统会将可读的流传入read方法的缓冲区,并通知应用程序;对于写操作而言,当操作系统将write方法传递的流写入完毕时,操作系统主动通知应用程序。
较之NIO而言,AIO一方面简化了程序的编写,流的读取和写入都由操作系统来代替完成;另一方面省去了NIO中程序要遍历事件通知队列(selector)的代价。windows基于iocp、Linux基于epoll。]
Java - 网络I/O的阻塞