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Docker镜像压缩

一.Dockerfile合理分层

Dockerfile的写法不合理,有时候会导致镜像膨胀,由于Docker是分层设计,而在Dockerfile中,每一条指令都拥有自己的context,而执行到下一条指令时,则会将下一层的构建层叠加到上一层上。因此,假如你在上一层指令做了一些包下载操作安装操作,然后在下一层再做清理,其实没什么用,只能说明你下一层引入的diff是0而已。

可以实验一下:

对照组A:下载清理操作全在同一层

FROM centos
MAINTAINER **

RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install wget

RUN wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u121-b13/e9e7ea248e2c4826b92b3f075a80e441/jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz" -O /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar.gz && gunzip /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar.gz && tar -C /opt -xf /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar && ln -s /opt/jdk1.8.0_121 /opt/jdk && yum clean all && rm -fr /tmp/*

 

对照组B:下载清理操作放在不同层

FROM centos
MAINTAINER **

RUN yum -y update
RUN yum -y install wget

RUN wget --no-cookies --no-check-certificate --header "Cookie: gpw_e24=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oracle.com%2F; oraclelicense=accept-securebackup-cookie" "http://download.oracle.com/otn-pub/java/jdk/8u121-b13/e9e7ea248e2c4826b92b3f075a80e441/jdk-8u121-linux-x64.tar.gz" -O /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar.gz && gunzip /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar.gz && tar -C /opt -xf /tmp/jdk8_x64.tar && ln -s /opt/jdk1.8.0_121 /opt/jdk 
RUN yum clean all 
RUN rm -fr /tmp/*

 

分别执行构建操作,得到的镜像差异很大,其中test1为对照组A的构建结果,test2为对照组B的构建结果,两者相差400M.

alex@ubuntu:~/workspace/docker_project$ docker images
REPOSITORY          TAG                 IMAGE ID            CREATED             SIZE
test2               latest              a65c6cced43b        13 minutes ago      1.1 GB
test1               latest              67897397b053        14 minutes ago      729 MB

 

Docker镜像压缩