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Android View 绘制流程(Draw) 完全解析
前言
前几篇文章,笔者分别讲述了DecorView,measure,layout流程等,接下来将详细分析三大工作流程的最后一个流程——绘制流程。测量流程决定了View的大小,布局流程决定了View的位置,那么绘制流程将决定View的样子,一个View该显示什么由绘制流程完成。以下源码均取自Android API 21。
从performDraw说起
前面几篇文章提到,三大工作流程始于ViewRootImpl#performTraversals,在这个方法内部会分别调用performMeasure,performLayout,performDraw三个方法来分别完成测量,布局,绘制流程。那么我们现在先从performDraw方法看起,ViewRootImpl#performDraw:
private void performDraw() {
//...
final boolean fullRedrawNeeded = mFullRedrawNeeded;
try {
draw(fullRedrawNeeded);
} finally {
mIsDrawing = false;
Trace.traceEnd(Trace.TRACE_TAG_VIEW);
}
//省略...
}
里面又调用了ViewRootImpl#draw方法,并传递了fullRedrawNeeded参数,而该参数由mFullRedrawNeeded成员变量获取,它的作用是判断是否需要重新绘制全部视图,如果是第一次绘制视图,那么显然应该绘制所以的视图,如果由于某些原因,导致了视图重绘,那么就没有必要绘制所有视图。我们来看看ViewRootImpl#draw:
private void draw(boolean fullRedrawNeeded) {
...
//获取mDirty,该值表示需要重绘的区域
final Rect dirty = mDirty;
if (mSurfaceHolder != null) {
// The app owns the surface, we won‘t draw.
dirty.setEmpty();
if (animating) {
if (mScroller != null) {
mScroller.abortAnimation();
}
disposeResizeBuffer();
}
return;
}
//如果fullRedrawNeeded为真,则把dirty区域置为整个屏幕,表示整个视图都需要绘制
//第一次绘制流程,需要绘制所有视图
if (fullRedrawNeeded) {
mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = true;
dirty.set(0, 0, (int) (mWidth * appScale + 0.5f), (int) (mHeight * appScale + 0.5f));
}
//省略...
if (!drawSoftware(surface, mAttachInfo, xOffset, yOffset, scalingRequired, dirty)) {
return;
}
}
这里省略了一部分代码,我们只看关键代码,首先是先获取了mDirty值,该值保存了需要重绘的区域的信息,关于视图重绘,后面会有文章专门叙述,这里先熟悉一下。接着根据fullRedrawNeeded来判断是否需要重置dirty区域,最后调用了ViewRootImpl#drawSoftware方法,并把相关参数传递进去,包括dirty区域,我们接着看该方法的源码:
private boolean drawSoftware(Surface surface, AttachInfo attachInfo, int xoff, int yoff,
boolean scalingRequired, Rect dirty) {
// Draw with software renderer.
final Canvas canvas;
try {
final int left = dirty.left;
final int top = dirty.top;
final int right = dirty.right;
final int bottom = dirty.bottom;
//锁定canvas区域,由dirty区域决定
canvas = mSurface.lockCanvas(dirty);
// The dirty rectangle can be modified by Surface.lockCanvas()
//noinspection ConstantConditions
if (left != dirty.left || top != dirty.top || right != dirty.right
|| bottom != dirty.bottom) {
attachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState = true;
}
canvas.setDensity(mDensity);
}
try {
if (!canvas.isOpaque() || yoff != 0 || xoff != 0) {
canvas.drawColor(0, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR);
}
dirty.setEmpty();
mIsAnimating = false;
attachInfo.mDrawingTime = SystemClock.uptimeMillis();
mView.mPrivateFlags |= View.PFLAG_DRAWN;
try {
canvas.translate(-xoff, -yoff);
if (mTranslator != null) {
mTranslator.translateCanvas(canvas);
}
canvas.setScreenDensity(scalingRequired ? mNoncompatDensity : 0);
attachInfo.mSetIgnoreDirtyState = false;
//正式开始绘制
mView.draw(canvas);
}
}
return true;
}
可以看书,首先是实例化了Canvas对象,然后锁定该canvas的区域,由dirty区域决定,接着对canvas进行一系列的属性赋值,最后调用了mView.draw(canvas)方法,前面分析过,mView就是DecorView,也就是说从DecorView开始绘制,前面所做的一切工作都是准备工作,而现在则是正式开始绘制流程。
View的绘制
由于ViewGroup没有重写draw方法,因此所有的View都是调用View#draw方法,因此,我们直接看它的源码:
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
final int privateFlags = mPrivateFlags;
final boolean dirtyOpaque = (privateFlags & PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) == PFLAG_DIRTY_OPAQUE &&
(mAttachInfo == null || !mAttachInfo.mIgnoreDirtyState);
mPrivateFlags = (privateFlags & ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK) | PFLAG_DRAWN;
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas‘ layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view‘s content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
// we‘re done...
return;
}
...
}
可以看到,draw过程比较复杂,但是逻辑十分清晰,而官方注释也清楚地说明了每一步的做法。我们首先来看一开始的标记位dirtyOpaque,该标记位的作用是判断当前View是否是透明的,如果View是透明的,那么根据下面的逻辑可以看出,将不会执行一些步骤,比如绘制背景、绘制内容等。这样很容易理解,因为一个View既然是透明的,那就没必要绘制它了。接着是绘制流程的六个步骤,这里先小结这六个步骤分别是什么,然后再展开来讲。
绘制流程的六个步骤:
1、对View的背景进行绘制
2、保存当前的图层信息(可跳过)
3、绘制View的内容
4、对View的子View进行绘制(如果有子View)
5、绘制View的褪色的边缘,类似于阴影效果(可跳过)
6、绘制View的装饰(例如:滚动条)
其中第2步和第5步是可以跳过的,我们这里不做分析,我们重点来分析其它步骤。
Step 1 :绘制背景
这里调用了View#drawBackground方法,我们看它的源码:
private void drawBackground(Canvas canvas) {
//mBackground是该View的背景参数,比如背景颜色
final Drawable background = mBackground;
if (background == null) {
return;
}
//根据View四个布局参数来确定背景的边界
setBackgroundBounds();
...
//获取当前View的mScrollX和mScrollY值
final int scrollX = mScrollX;
final int scrollY = mScrollY;
if ((scrollX | scrollY) == 0) {
background.draw(canvas);
} else {
//如果scrollX和scrollY有值,则对canvas的坐标进行偏移,再绘制背景
canvas.translate(scrollX, scrollY);
background.draw(canvas);
canvas.translate(-scrollX, -scrollY);
}
}
可以看出,这里考虑到了view的偏移参数,scrollX和scrollY,绘制背景在偏移后的view中绘制。
Step 3:绘制内容
这里调用了View#onDraw方法,View中该方法是一个空实现,因为不同的View有着不同的内容,这需要我们自己去实现,即在自定义View中重写该方法来实现。
Step 4: 绘制子View
如果当前的View是一个ViewGroup类型,那么就需要绘制它的子View,这里调用了dispatchDraw,而View中该方法是空实现,实际是ViewGroup重写了这个方法,那么我们来看看,ViewGroup#dispatchDraw:
protected void dispatchDraw(Canvas canvas) {
boolean usingRenderNodeProperties = canvas.isRecordingFor(mRenderNode);
final int childrenCount = mChildrenCount;
final View[] children = mChildren;
int flags = mGroupFlags;
for (int i = 0; i < childrenCount; i++) {
while (transientIndex >= 0 && mTransientIndices.get(transientIndex) == i) {
final View transientChild = mTransientViews.get(transientIndex);
if ((transientChild.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE ||
transientChild.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, transientChild, drawingTime);
}
transientIndex++;
if (transientIndex >= transientCount) {
transientIndex = -1;
}
}
int childIndex = customOrder ? getChildDrawingOrder(childrenCount, i) : i;
final View child = (preorderedList == null)
? children[childIndex] : preorderedList.get(childIndex);
if ((child.mViewFlags & VISIBILITY_MASK) == VISIBLE || child.getAnimation() != null) {
more |= drawChild(canvas, child, drawingTime);
}
}
//省略...
}
源码很长,这里简单说明一下,里面主要遍历了所以子View,每个子View都调用了drawChild这个方法,我们找到这个方法,ViewGroup#drawChild:
protected boolean drawChild(Canvas canvas, View child, long drawingTime) {
return child.draw(canvas, this, drawingTime);
}
可以看出,这里调用了View的draw方法,但这个方法并不是上面所说的,因为参数不同,我们来看看这个方法,View#draw:
boolean draw(Canvas canvas, ViewGroup parent, long drawingTime) {
//省略...
if (!drawingWithDrawingCache) {
if (drawingWithRenderNode) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
((DisplayListCanvas) canvas).drawRenderNode(renderNode);
} else {
// Fast path for layouts with no backgrounds
if ((mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) == PFLAG_SKIP_DRAW) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
dispatchDraw(canvas);
} else {
draw(canvas);
}
}
} else if (cache != null) {
mPrivateFlags &= ~PFLAG_DIRTY_MASK;
if (layerType == LAYER_TYPE_NONE) {
// no layer paint, use temporary paint to draw bitmap
Paint cachePaint = parent.mCachePaint;
if (cachePaint == null) {
cachePaint = new Paint();
cachePaint.setDither(false);
parent.mCachePaint = cachePaint;
}
cachePaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * 255));
canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, cachePaint);
} else {
// use layer paint to draw the bitmap, merging the two alphas, but also restore
int layerPaintAlpha = mLayerPaint.getAlpha();
mLayerPaint.setAlpha((int) (alpha * layerPaintAlpha));
canvas.drawBitmap(cache, 0.0f, 0.0f, mLayerPaint);
mLayerPaint.setAlpha(layerPaintAlpha);
}
}
}
我们主要来看核心部分,首先判断是否已经有缓存,即之前是否已经绘制过一次了,如果没有,则会调用draw(canvas)方法,开始正常的绘制,即上面所说的六个步骤,否则利用缓存来显示。
这一步也可以归纳为ViewGroup绘制过程,它对子View进行了绘制,而子View又会调用自身的draw方法来绘制自身,这样不断遍历子View及子View的不断对自身的绘制,从而使得View树完成绘制。
Step 6 绘制装饰
所谓的绘制装饰,就是指View除了背景、内容、子View的其余部分,例如滚动条等,我们看View#onDrawForeground:
public void onDrawForeground(Canvas canvas) {
onDrawScrollIndicators(canvas);
onDrawScrollBars(canvas);
final Drawable foreground = mForegroundInfo != null ? mForegroundInfo.mDrawable : null;
if (foreground != null) {
if (mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged) {
mForegroundInfo.mBoundsChanged = false;
final Rect selfBounds = mForegroundInfo.mSelfBounds;
final Rect overlayBounds = mForegroundInfo.mOverlayBounds;
if (mForegroundInfo.mInsidePadding) {
selfBounds.set(0, 0, getWidth(), getHeight());
} else {
selfBounds.set(getPaddingLeft(), getPaddingTop(),
getWidth() - getPaddingRight(), getHeight() - getPaddingBottom());
}
final int ld = getLayoutDirection();
Gravity.apply(mForegroundInfo.mGravity, foreground.getIntrinsicWidth(),
foreground.getIntrinsicHeight(), selfBounds, overlayBounds, ld);
foreground.setBounds(overlayBounds);
}
foreground.draw(canvas);
}
}
可以看出,逻辑很清晰,和一般的绘制流程非常相似,都是先设定绘制区域,然后利用canvas进行绘制,这里就不展开详细地说了,有兴趣的可以继续了解下去。
那么,到目前为止,View的绘制流程也讲述完毕了,希望这篇文章对你们起到帮助作用,谢谢你们的阅读。
更多阅读
Android View 测量流程(Measure)完全解析
Android View 布局流程(Layout)完全解析
Android View 绘制流程(Draw) 完全解析