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【leetCode百题成就】Gas Station解题报告

题目:

There are N gas stations along a circular route, where the amount of gas at station i is gas[i].

You have a car with an unlimited gas tank and it costs cost[i] of gas to travel from station i to its next station (i+1). You begin the journey with an empty tank at one of the gas stations.

Return the starting gas station‘s index if you can travel around the circuit once, otherwise return -1.

Note: 
The solution is guaranteed to be unique.

 

地址:

https://oj.leetcode.com/problems/gas-station/

 

 

思路:

 

O(n^2) 的不用闲扯,谁都懂。问题是O(n) 的算法应该如何设计。方法如下:

 

定义:

存油:卡车带进某个加油站的油量。依题意,初始存油为0.

 

0、设定初始起点和终点为0.

1、从起点开始,走到不能走为止,设此时不能走的结点为i。则0到i之间的所有结点都不可能为起点。因为从起点开始只有0升油,从起点经过的结点存油可能为正值但至少为0,所以如果以0存油开始,到i一样过不去。

2、起点倒退,追踪i点存油量,直到能过i点为止。

3、回到第一步

 

证明:

 

每个结点最多访问一次,O(n)

 

AC代码:

 

class Solution {

public:

    int canCompleteCircuit(vector<int> &gas, vector<int> &cost) {

        int start = 0;

        int fin   = 0;

        int oil   = 0; // 带入的油

        int tmpoil = 0;

        int len = gas.size();

        if (fin == lastPos(start,len))

            return gas[0] >= cost[0] ? 0 : -1;

        do

        {

 

            int tmpfin = fin; // 我在tmpfin能前进吗?

            while (tmpfin != lastPos(start,len) && ((tmpoil = walk2next(oil,tmpfin,gas,cost))) >= 0)

            {

                tmpfin = nextPos(tmpfin,len);

                oil = tmpoil;

            }

            if (tmpfin == lastPos(start,len))

                return start;

            fin = tmpfin;

            do

            {

                start = lastPos(start,len);

                if (start == fin)

                    return -1;

                int tmp   = gas[start] - cost[start]; // tmp指的是具体某点0油出发到下一点后的剩余油量

                tmpoil += tmp;

           

            } while (tmpoil < 0);

            oil = tmpoil; // 补到能够进入下一点为止,此时oil为补够了的剩余量

            fin = nextPos(fin,len); // 进入下一点

        } while (fin != start); // 由于进入了下一点,所以为start的话,就成功。

        return start;

    }

 

    int lastPos(int index,int len)

    {

        if (index == 0)

            return len - 1;

        else

            return index - 1;

    }

 

    int nextPos(int index,int len)

    {

        return (index + 1) % len;

    }

 

    int walk2next(int oil,int index,vector<int> &gas,vector<int> &cost)

// 带有oil的油量进入index,要走的下个点缺/剩多少油

    {

        int total = oil + gas[index];

        return total - cost[index];

    }

};

 

后记:

 

当你用while很艰难时,请用do while

【leetCode百题成就】Gas Station解题报告