1 * File: Breakout.java  2  * -------------------  3  * Name:  4  * Section Leader:  5  *   6  * This file will eventually implement the game of Breakout.  7  */  8   9 import acm.graphics.*; 10 import acm.program.*; 11 import acm.util.*; 12 import java.applet.*; 13 import java.awt.*; 14 import java.awt.event.*; 15  16 public class Breakout extends GraphicsProgram { 17  18 /** Width and height of application window in pixels */ 19     public static final int APPLICATION_WIDTH = 400; 20     public static final int APPLICATION_HEIGHT = 600; 21  22 /** Dimensions of game board (usually the same) */ 23     private static final int WIDTH = APPLICATION_WIDTH; 24     private static final int HEIGHT = APPLICATION_HEIGHT; 25  26 /** Dimensions of the paddle */ 27     private static final int PADDLE_WIDTH = 60; 28     private static final int PADDLE_HEIGHT = 10; 29  30 /** Offset of the paddle up from the bottom */ 31     private static final int PADDLE_Y_OFFSET = 30; 32  33 /** Number of bricks per row */ 34     private static final int NBRICKS_PER_ROW = 10; 35  36 /** Number of rows of bricks */ 37     private static final int NBRICK_ROWS = 10; 38  39 /** Separation between bricks */ 40     private static final int BRICK_SEP = 4; 41  42 /** Width of a brick */ 43     private static final int BRICK_WIDTH = 44       (WIDTH - (NBRICKS_PER_ROW - 1) * BRICK_SEP) / NBRICKS_PER_ROW; 45  46 /** Height of a brick */ 47     private static final int BRICK_HEIGHT = 8; 48  49 /** Radius of the ball in pixels */ 50     private static final int BALL_RADIUS = 10; 51  52 /** Offset of the top brick row from the top */ 53     private static final int BRICK_Y_OFFSET = 70; 54  55 /** Number of turns */ 56     private static final int NTURNS = 3; 57      58     private static final int DELAY=10; 59      60  61 /** Runs the Breakout program. */ 62     public void run() { 63         setup(); 64         waitForClick(); 65         ballbouncing(); 66          67          68     } 69     public void setup(){                                                                       //初始化 70         GRect brick;                                                                           //按要求添加排列好的砖块 71         int X=(WIDTH-NBRICKS_PER_ROW*BRICK_WIDTH-(NBRICKS_PER_ROW-1)*BRICK_SEP)/2; 72         int Y=(BRICK_WIDTH+BRICK_SEP); 73         int Z=(BRICK_HEIGHT+BRICK_SEP); 74         for(int i=0;i<NBRICK_ROWS;i++){ 75             for(int j=0;j<NBRICKS_PER_ROW;j++){ 76                int x=X+j*Y; 77                int y=BRICK_Y_OFFSET+i*Z; 78                brick=new GRect(x,y,BRICK_WIDTH,BRICK_HEIGHT); 79                add(brick); 80             } 81         } 82         for(int i=0;i<NBRICKS_PER_ROW;i++){                                                    //按列给砖块染色 83              GObject Brick; 84              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET); 85              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true); 86              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.RED); 87              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+Z); 88              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true); 89              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.RED); 90              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+2*Z); 91              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true); 92              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.ORANGE); 93              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+3*Z); 94              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true); 95              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.ORANGE); 96              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+4*Z); 97              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true); 98              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.YELLOW); 99              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+5*Z);100              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true);101              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.YELLOW);102              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+6*Z);103              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true);104              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.GREEN);105              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+7*Z);106              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true);107              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.GREEN);108              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+8*Z);109              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true);110              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.CYAN);111              Brick = getElementAt(X+i*Y,BRICK_Y_OFFSET+9*Z);112              ((GRect) Brick).setFilled(true);113              ((GRect) Brick).setFillColor(Color.CYAN);114             115         }116         paddle=new GRect((WIDTH-PADDLE_WIDTH)/2,HEIGHT-PADDLE_HEIGHT-PADDLE_Y_OFFSET,PADDLE_WIDTH,PADDLE_HEIGHT);    //初始化板子117         paddle.setFilled(true);118         add(paddle);119         addMouseListeners();120         ball=new GOval(WIDTH/2-BALL_RADIUS,HEIGHT/2-BALL_RADIUS,2*BALL_RADIUS,2*BALL_RADIUS);                        //初始化球和球速，其中球的水平速度由随机数决定121         ball.setFilled(true);122         vx =vx = rgen.nextDouble(1.0, 3.0);123         if (rgen.nextBoolean(0.5)) vx = -vx;124         vy= 3.0;125         126         127         128     }129     130     public void mouseMoved(MouseEvent e){                                                                             //实现鼠标左右移动对板子的控制131              132              last=new GPoint(paddle.getX(),paddle.getY());133              if((paddle.getX()+e.getX()-last.getX()>0)&&(paddle.getX()+e.getX()-last.getX()<WIDTH-PADDLE_WIDTH)){134                   paddle.move(e.getX()-last.getX(), 0);135                   last=new GPoint(paddle.getX(),paddle.getY());136              }137         138     }139     public void ballbouncing(){                                     //游戏循环体140         add(ball);141         while((remainlives!=0)&&(num_remainbricks!=0)){142             moveball();143             checkforcollision();144             pause(DELAY);145             146             147         }148         if(num_remainbricks==0){149             add(congraduation);150         }151         if(remainlives==0){152             add(sorry);153         }154     }155     private void moveball(){156         ball.move(vx,vy);157         158     }159     private void checkforcollision(){                             //实现碰撞机理160         if(ball.getY()>HEIGHT-2*BALL_RADIUS){                     //检测是否触底，并修正了超过边界的运动量，下面类似161             vy=-vy;162             double diff=ball.getY()-(HEIGHT-2*BALL_RADIUS);163             ball.move(0,-diff);164             remainlives--;165         }166         if(ball.getX()>WIDTH-2*BALL_RADIUS){167             vx=-vx;168         }169         if(ball.getX()<0){170             vx=-vx;171         }172         if(ball.getY()<0){173             vy=-vy;174         }175         collider=getCollidingObject();176         if((collider!=null)&&(collider!=paddle)){            //碰到砖块                     177             178             num_remainbricks=num_remainbricks-1;179             remove(collider);180             bounceClip.play();181             collider=null;182         }183         if(getElementAt(paddle.getX(),paddle.getY()-1)!=null){            //增加板子两个角触球使得球原路弹回的设定。同样修正了超过边界的运动量184             vx=-vx;185             vy=-vy;186             double diff1=ball.getY()+2*BALL_RADIUS-paddle.getY();187             double diff2=ball.getX()+2*BALL_RADIUS-paddle.getX();188             ball.move(-diff2, -diff1);189         }190         if(getElementAt(paddle.getX()+PADDLE_WIDTH,paddle.getY()-1)!=null){191             vx=-vx;192             vy=-vy;193             double diff1=ball.getY()+2*BALL_RADIUS-paddle.getY();194             double diff2=ball.getX()-paddle.getX()-PADDLE_WIDTH;195             ball.move(-diff2, -diff1);196         }197         198         199     }200     private GObject getCollidingObject(){                                          //判定球触碰的物体并返回这个物体，通过在球的正上下左右1像素位置设置了4个参考点实现201         if(getElementAt(ball.getX()+BALL_RADIUS,ball.getY()-1)!=null){202             vy=-vy;           203             collider=getElementAt(ball.getX()+BALL_RADIUS,ball.getY()-1);204             if(collider==paddle){205                 double diff=ball.getY()-1-paddle.getY()-PADDLE_HEIGHT;206                 ball.move(0, -diff);207             }208         }209         if(getElementAt(ball.getX()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1,ball.getY()+BALL_RADIUS)!=null){210             vx=-vx;           211             collider=getElementAt(ball.getX()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1,ball.getY()+BALL_RADIUS);212             if(collider==paddle){213                 double diff=ball.getX()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1-paddle.getX();214                 ball.move(-diff, 0);215             }216         }217         if(getElementAt(ball.getX()+BALL_RADIUS,ball.getY()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1)!=null){218             vy=-vy;219             collider=getElementAt(ball.getX()+BALL_RADIUS,ball.getY()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1);220             if(collider==paddle){221                 double diff=ball.getY()+2*BALL_RADIUS+1-paddle.getY();222                 ball.move(0, -diff);223             }224         }225         if(getElementAt(ball.getX()-1,ball.getY()+BALL_RADIUS)!=null){226             vx=-vx;227             collider=getElementAt(ball.getX()-1,ball.getY()+BALL_RADIUS);228             if(collider==paddle){229                 double diff=ball.getX()-1-paddle.getX()-PADDLE_WIDTH;230                 ball.move(-diff, 0);231             }232         }233         return collider;234     }235  236     237         238         239     AudioClip bounceClip = MediaTools.loadAudioClip("bounce.au");240     private GLabel congraduation=new GLabel("You Win!",100,100);241     private GLabel sorry=new GLabel("Sorry,You Lose!",100,50);242     private int remainlives=NTURNS;243     private int num_remainbricks=100;244     private GObject collider;245     private GRect paddle;246     private GPoint last;247     private RandomGenerator rgen = RandomGenerator.getInstance();248     private GOval ball;249     private double vx,vy;250 }