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TCP之简单回传(三)

鉴于TCP之简单回传(一)   中所出现的问题,本博文所要采取的一种方法是:

服务器端和客户端共同遵守如下约定:接收的字节流中,若遇到‘\n‘,表示一次传送完毕。

具体为:

客户端把每次欲发送的数据的最后一个字符设置为 ‘\n‘;

而服务器每次接收时,一个一个字符的从缓冲区中取出一个字符,然后再判断该字符是否为‘\n‘,若不是,则继续读取;若是,则退出循环,表示本次接收结束;

实现代码如下:

//按字符读取--->由于每读取一个字符就产生一次系统调用,故效率较低ssize_t readline_slow(int fd, void *usrbuf, size_t maxlen){    char *bufp = (char*)usrbuf;//偏移位置    ssize_t nread;    size_t nleft = maxlen -1 ;//剩余字节数    char ch;//保存每次读取的字符    while( nleft > 0)//只要还有没读的,就一直循环    {        if(-1 == (nread=read(fd, &ch, 1)))//把从fd中读取的字符存进ch中        {            if(errno == EINTR)//被中断信号打断                continue;            return -1;//err        }else if(0 == nread )            break; //EOF                *bufp = ch;//将读取的字符存进buf        bufp++;//向前移动                nleft --;//剩余字节数--        if(ch == \n)//如果该字符为\n。本次读取完成            break;    }    *bufp =\0;//    return (maxlen- nleft -1);//最大长度 -剩余的字符 - ‘\0‘}
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本程序中所用到的函数都可以在 TCP之函数封装 中找到;

server服务器端:

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#define ERR_EXIT(m)     do {         perror(m);        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);    }while(0)void do_server(int fd);int main(int argc, const char *argv[]){//socket        int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 );    if( -1 == listenfd)        ERR_EXIT("socket");//地址复用    int on = 1;    if(setsockopt(listenfd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &on, sizeof on) < 0)        ERR_EXIT("setsockopt");//bind    struct sockaddr_in addr;    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;    addr.sin_port = htons(8888); //主机字节序转化为网络字节序    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");//点分十进制转化成网络字节序    if( -1 == bind( listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr)))        ERR_EXIT("bind");//listen    if( -1 == listen(listenfd,SOMAXCONN ))        ERR_EXIT("listen");    //accept        int peerfd = accept(listenfd, NULL, NULL);//对方的IP&PORT//read&write        do_server(peerfd);//close    close(peerfd);    close(listenfd);    return 0;}void do_server(int  fd){    char recvbuf[1024100] = {0};    int cnt =0;    while(1)    {        int nread = readline_slow(fd, recvbuf, sizeof(recvbuf));        if(nread == -1)//err        {            if(errno == EINTR)                continue;            ERR_EXIT("read");        }else if (nread == 0 )//write close        {            printf("close...\n");            exit(EXIT_FAILURE);        }                // ok         printf("count = %d recv size = %d\n",++cnt, nread);        memset(recvbuf, 0, sizeof(recvbuf));    }}
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client客户端:

#include <stdio.h>#include <stdlib.h>#include <string.h>#include <unistd.h>#include <sys/types.h>#include <sys/stat.h>#include <errno.h>#include <sys/socket.h>#include <netinet/in.h>#include <arpa/inet.h>#define ERR_EXIT(m)     do {         perror(m);        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);    }while(0)void do_server(int fd);int main(int argc, const char *argv[]){//socket    int peerfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM,0);    if( -1 == peerfd)        ERR_EXIT("socket");//connect    struct sockaddr_in addr;    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;    addr.sin_port = htons(8888);    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");        if( -1 == connect(peerfd,(struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(addr) ))        ERR_EXIT("connect");//read&write    do_server(peerfd);    return 0;}void do_server(int fd){    #define SIZE 1024    char sendbuf[SIZE +1]= {0};    int i ;    for (i = 0; i < SIZE-1; i++) //attention    {        sendbuf[i]= a;        }    sendbuf[SIZE-1] = \n;//标志位    int cnt =0;    while(1)    {        int i;        for (i = 0; i < 10; i++)         {            int nwrite =writen(fd, sendbuf, SIZE);//发送SIZE个数据中最后一个字符为\n            if( nwrite != SIZE)                ERR_EXIT("writen");            printf("cout = %d,write %d bytes\n",++cnt, SIZE);        }        nano_sleep(4.5);    }}
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测试结果:

./servercount = 1 recv size = 1024count = 2 recv size = 1024count = 3 recv size = 1024count = 4 recv size = 1024count = 5 recv size = 1024count = 6 recv size = 1024count = 7 recv size = 1024count = 8 recv size = 1024count = 9 recv size = 1024count = 10 recv size = 1024count = 11 recv size = 1024count = 12 recv size = 1024count = 13 recv size = 1024count = 14 recv size = 1024count = 15 recv size = 1024count = 16 recv size = 1024count = 17 recv size = 1024count = 18 recv size = 1024count = 19 recv size = 1024count = 20 recv size = 1024
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./clientcount = 1 recv size = 1024count = 2 recv size = 1024count = 3 recv size = 1024count = 4 recv size = 1024count = 5 recv size = 1024count = 6 recv size = 1024count = 7 recv size = 1024count = 8 recv size = 1024count = 9 recv size = 1024count = 10 recv size = 1024count = 11 recv size = 1024count = 12 recv size = 1024count = 13 recv size = 1024count = 14 recv size = 1024count = 15 recv size = 1024count = 16 recv size = 1024count = 17 recv size = 1024count = 18 recv size = 1024count = 19 recv size = 1024count = 20 recv size = 1024
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注意:本程序效率比较低下,原因在于:

每次读取一个字符都要系统调用一次read函数。

解决方法:TCP之简单回传(四)

TCP之简单回传(三)