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栈的题目
栈的特点,就是先进后出。栈可以是链表形式,也可以用数组形式实现。
package 程序员面试金典;/** * 第三章 */public class Unit3 { public static void main(String[] args) { }}// 第一题 一个数组三个栈,返回最小值O(1)class stackMyself { private int[] data = http://www.mamicode.com/new int[30]; private int stack1 = 0; private int stack2 = 10; private int stack3 = 20; private int minStack1 = 0; public stackMyself() { } // 栈1-- public int getMin() { return minStack1; } public void pushStack1(int d) { if (stack1 < 10) { if (stack1 == 0) minStack1 = d; else { if (d < minStack1) minStack1 = d; } data[stack1++] = d; } else { System.err.println("栈1满了"); } } public int popStack1() { if (stack1 >= 0) return data[--stack1]; else return -1; } public int getStack1Top() { int t = stack1 - 1; return data[t]; } // 栈2 public void pushStack2(int d) { if (stack2 < 20) data[stack2++] = d; else { System.err.println("栈2满了"); } } public int popStack2() { if (stack2 >= 10) return data[--stack2]; else return -1; } public int getStack2Top() { int t = stack2 - 1; return data[t]; } // 栈3 public void pushStack3(int d) { if (stack3 < 30) data[stack3++] = d; else { System.err.println("栈3满了"); } } public int popStack3() { if (stack3 >= 20) return data[--stack3]; else return -1; } public int getStack3Top() { int t = stack3 - 1; return data[t]; }}// 链式栈class SetOfStack { private stackNode first; private stackNode current; public SetOfStack() { first = new stackNode(); first.setNext(null); current = first; } // 入栈 public void insertValue(int d) { stackNode runner = first; while (runner.getNext() != null) runner = runner.getNext(); if (runner.getTop() != runner.getSize() - 1) runner.push(d); else { stackNode newnode = new stackNode(); runner.setNext(newnode); runner = newnode; runner.push(d); current = runner; } } // 出栈 public int pop() { if (current.getTop() == -1) { stackNode runner = first; while (runner.getNext() != current) runner = runner.getNext(); current = runner; current.setNext(null); } return current.pop(); } // 打印 public void printStack() { stackNode runner = first; while (runner != null) { runner.printStack(); runner = runner.getNext(); } }}class stackNode { private stackNode next; private int[] data; private int size = 10; private int top = -1; public stackNode() { data = new int[size]; } public stackNode getNext() { return next; } public int getTop() { return top; } public int getSize() { return size; } public void setNext(stackNode next) { this.next = next; } // 入栈 public void push(int d) { if (top != size - 1) data[++top] = d; else System.err.println("此栈已满"); } // 出栈 public int pop() { if (top != -1) return data[top--]; else return -1; } // 打印栈 public void printStack() { for (int i = 0; i <= top; i++) System.out.print(data[i] + " "); System.out.println(); }}// 汉诺塔栈class hanioStack { private stackNode Astack; private stackNode Bstack; private stackNode Cstack; public hanioStack() { Astack = new stackNode(); Bstack = new stackNode(); Cstack = new stackNode(); } public void initA(int[] data) { for (int i = 0; i < data.length; i++) Astack.push(data[i]); } public void MoveTo(char A, char C) { if (A == ‘A‘ && C == ‘C‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Astack.pop(); Cstack.push(data); } else if (A == ‘A‘ && C == ‘B‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Astack.pop(); Bstack.push(data); } else if (A == ‘B‘ && C == ‘C‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Bstack.pop(); Cstack.push(data); } else if (A == ‘B‘ && C == ‘A‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Bstack.pop(); Astack.push(data); } else if (A == ‘C‘ && C == ‘A‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Cstack.pop(); Astack.push(data); } else if (A == ‘C‘ && C == ‘B‘) { int data =http://www.mamicode.com/ Cstack.pop(); Bstack.push(data); } printStack(); } public void HanioTower(int n, char A, char B, char C) { if (n == 1) MoveTo(A, C); else { HanioTower(n - 1, A, C, B); MoveTo(A, C); HanioTower(n - 1, B, A, C); } } public void printStack() { System.out.print("A:"); Astack.printStack(); System.out.print("B:"); Bstack.printStack(); System.out.print("C:"); Cstack.printStack(); }}class MyQueue{ private stackNode stack1; private stackNode stack2; public void inQueue(int data){ while(stack2.getTop() != -1) { int d = stack2.pop(); stack1.push(d); } stack1.push(data); } public int outQueue(){ while(stack1.getTop() != -1) { int d = stack1.pop(); stack2.push(d); } return stack1.pop(); }}
思考题目的时候,已形成本能,不知道如何总结。反过来想的话,就是问题和数据结构的特性。比如第一题,一个数组三个栈,那么肯定是分割数组了。比如MyQueue这题,因为栈是先进后出,队列是先进先出。题目要求可以用两个栈,那么肯定是可以来回倒腾,把最先和最后元素呈现出来。栈的特性,和一些经典问题切合可以更深理解数据结构。比如表达式的变换(前缀,中缀,后缀),以及树遍历的非递归法,等等。比如代码中函数的调用,递归也是将顶层函数压栈,到底了之后不断弹出执行。
栈的题目
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