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servlet监听器Listener(理论+例子)

Listener采用了观察者模式(24种模式之一),Listener是servlet的监听器,他可以监听客户端的请求、服务器端的操作等, 通过监听器,可以自动激发一些操作。比如:监听在线用户数量

当增加一个HttpSession时,就会激发sessinCreated(HttpSessionEvent sce)方法,这样就可以给在线人数+1了。

常见的监听器接口:

ServletContextAttributeListener 监听对servletContext属性的操作,比如删除、增加、修改属性等

ServletContextListener 监听ServletContext,当创建ServletContext时,激发contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)方法,当销毁ServletContext时,激发ContextDestory(ServletContextEvent sce)方法、

 

实例:

首先配置web.xml

  <!--servlet 监听器  start-->  <listener>      <listener-class>com.listener.MyServletContextListener</listener-class>  </listener>    <listener>      <listener-class>com.listener.MyServletContextAttributeListener</listener-class>  </listener>  <!-- servlet 监听器 end -->
web.xml

2.ServletContextListener接口的调用

/** * 在xml中配置监听器 * ServletContextListener 坚挺servletContext,当创建servletContext时,激发ContextInitialized(ServletContextEvent sce)方法 * 当销毁servletContext时,激发contextDestoryed(ServletContextEvent sce)方法 */package com.listener;import javax.servlet.ServletContextEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextListener;public class MyServletContextListener implements ServletContextListener{    @Override    public void contextDestroyed(ServletContextEvent arg0)    {        System.out.println(arg0.toString());            }    @Override    public void contextInitialized(ServletContextEvent arg0)    {        System.out.println(arg0.toString());    }    }
MyServletContextListener

3.ServletContextAttributeListener接口的调用

package com.listener;import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeEvent;import javax.servlet.ServletContextAttributeListener;public class MyServletContextAttributeListener implements ServletContextAttributeListener{    @Override    public void attributeAdded(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0)    {        System.out.println("attributeAdd ");        System.out.println(arg0.getName() + ":" + arg0.getValue());            }    @Override    public void attributeRemoved(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0)    {        System.out.println("attributeRemoved");        System.out.println(arg0.getName() + ":" + arg0.getValue());//value值将显示之前的 值    }    @Override    public void attributeReplaced(ServletContextAttributeEvent arg0)    {        System.out.println("attributeRepaced");        System.out.println(arg0.getName() + ":" + arg0.getValue());//value值将显示之前的 值            }    }
MyServletContextAttributeListener

为了方便,没有用servlet举例,直接写的jsp

<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><%    application.setAttribute("name1","value1");    application.setAttribute("name2","value2");    application.setAttribute("name1","value3");    application.setAttribute("name2","value4");%><a href="listener2.jsp">next</a></body></html>
listener1.jsp
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=UTF-8"    pageEncoding="UTF-8"%><!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd"><html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><title>Insert title here</title></head><body><%    application.removeAttribute("name1");%></body></html>
listener2.jsp

结束。listener在实际项目开发中,用到的不多。这里最好知道有这么回事就成。