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c++多线程编程:常见面试题

题目:子线程循环 10 次,接着主线程循环 100 次,接着又回到子线程循环 10 次,接着再回到主线程又循环 100 次,如此循环50次,试写出代码

子线程与主线程必有一个满足条件(flag == num),不满足条件的那个线程不可能获取unique_lock(会在wait中释放),只有满足条件的线程才能获取锁,执行程序

mutex m;//保护条件的互斥访问condition_variable cond;//条件变量int flag = 10;//条件void fun(int num) {    for (int i = 0; i<50; i++) {        unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);//A unique lock is an object that manages a mutex object with unique ownership in both states: locked and unlocked.          while (flag != num)            cond.wait(lk);//在调用wait时会执行lk.unlock()          for (int j = 0; j<num; j++)            cout << j << " ";        cout << endl;        flag = (num == 10) ? 100 : 10;        cond.notify_one();//被阻塞的线程唤醒后lk.lock()恢复在调用wait前的状态      }}int main() {    thread child(fun, 10);    fun(100);    child.join();        system("pause");    return 0;}

题目:编写一个程序,开启3个线程,这3个线程的ID分别为A、B、C,每个线程将自己的ID在屏幕上打印10遍,要求输出结果必须按ABC的顺序显示;如:ABCABC….依次递推。

mutex m;condition_variable cond;int loop = 10;int flag = 0;void func(int id){    for (int i = 0; i < loop; ++i)    {        unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);        while (flag != id)            cond.wait(lk);        cout << static_cast<char>(A + id) << " ";        flag = (flag + 1) % 3;        cond.notify_all();    }}void main(){    thread A(func, 0);    thread B(func, 1);    func(2);    cout << endl;    A.join();    B.join();    system("pause");}

题目(google笔试题):有四个线程1、2、3、4。线程1的功能就是输出1,线程2的功能就是输出2,以此类推.........现在有四个文件ABCD。初始都为空。现要让四个文件呈如下格式:
A:1 2 3 4 1 2....
B:2 3 4 1 2 3....
C:3 4 1 2 3 4....

D:4 1 2 3 4 1....

mutex m;condition_variable cond;int loop = 10;int flag;void func(int num){    for (int i = 0; i < loop; ++i)    {        unique_lock<mutex> lk(m);        while (num != flag)            cond.wait(lk);        cout << num + 1 << " ";        flag = (flag + 1) % 4;        cond.notify_all();    }}void main(int argc,char *argv[]){    flag = atoi(argv[1]);    thread one(func, 1);    thread two(func, 2);    thread three(func, 3);    func(0);    one.join();    two.join();    three.join();    cout << endl;    system("pause");}

读者写者问题

这也是一个非常经典的多线程题目,题目大意如下:有一个写者很多读者,多个读者可以同时读文件,但写者在写文件时不允许有读者在读文件,同样有读者读时写者也不能写。

这里采用copy on write(写时拷贝)实现,主要要理解智能指针std::shared_ptr的用法,用访问vector替代题目中的文件,代码如下:

http://c.biancheng.net/cpp/html/2601.html

int readerNum = 0;mutex m;mutex rw;void writer(){    rw.lock();    cout << "i am writing" << endl;    rw.unlock();}void reader(){    m.lock();    if (readerNum == 0)        rw.lock();    readerNum++;    m.unlock();    cout << "i am reading" << endl;    m.lock();    readerNum--;    if (readerNum == 0)        rw.unlock();    m.unlock();}void main() {    thread wr1(writer);    thread rd1(reader);    wr1.join();    rd1.join();    system("pause");}

线程安全的queue

STL中的queue是非线程安全的,一个组合操作:front(); pop()先读取队首元素然后删除队首元素,若是有多个线程执行这个组合操作的话,可能会发生执行序列交替执行,导致一些意想不到的行为。因此需要重新设计线程安全的queue的接口。

template<typename T>class threadsafe_queue{private:    mutable std::mutex mut;    std::queue<T> data_queue;    std::condition_variable data_cond;public:    threadsafe_queue() {}    threadsafe_queue(threadsafe_queue const& other)    {        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(other.mut);        data_queue = other.data_queue;    }    void push(T new_value)//入队操作      {        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);        data_queue.push(new_value);        data_cond.notify_one();    }    void wait_and_pop(T& value)//直到有元素可以删除为止      {        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mut);        data_cond.wait(lk, [this] {return !data_queue.empty(); });        value = data_queue.front();        data_queue.pop();    }    std::shared_ptr<T> wait_and_pop()    {        std::unique_lock<std::mutex> lk(mut);        data_cond.wait(lk, [this] {return !data_queue.empty(); });        std::shared_ptr<T> res(std::make_shared<T>(data_queue.front()));        data_queue.pop();        return res;    }    bool try_pop(T& value)//不管有没有队首元素直接返回      {        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);        if (data_queue.empty())            return false;        value = data_queue.front();        data_queue.pop();        return true;    }    std::shared_ptr<T> try_pop()    {        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);        if (data_queue.empty())            return std::shared_ptr<T>();        std::shared_ptr<T> res(std::make_shared<T>(data_queue.front()));        data_queue.pop();        return res;    }    bool empty() const    {        std::lock_guard<std::mutex> lk(mut);        return data_queue.empty();    }};

 

c++多线程编程:常见面试题