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Apache Commons

Apache Commons 是一个非常有用的工具包,解决各种实际的通用问题,你会发现它们正是你冥思苦想所需要的东西。它们不是绝世武功,但确是个随手可用的擒手,Commons一出,问题手到擒来。常用的有:

commons-lang

commons-collections

commons-io

commons-beanutils

,下面是一个全面的简述表:

 

组件

说明
BeanUtilsCommons-BeanUtils 提供对 Java 反射和自省API的包装
BetwixtBetwixt提供将 JavaBean 映射至 XML 文档,以及相反映射的服务.

Chain

Chain 提供实现组织复杂的处理流程的“责任链模式”.

CLI

CLI 提供针对命令行参数,选项,选项组,强制选项等的简单API.

Codec

Codec 包含一些通用的编码解码算法。包括一些语音编码器, Hex, Base64, 以及URL encoder.

Collections

Commons-Collections 提供一个类包来扩展和增加标准的 Java Collection框架

Configuration

Commons-Configuration 工具对各种各式的配置和参考文件提供读取帮助.

Daemon

一种 unix-daemon-like java 代码的替代机制

DBCP

Commons-DBCP 提供数据库连接池服务

DbUtils

DbUtils 是一个 JDBC helper 类库,完成数据库任务的简单的资源清除代码.

Digester

Commons-Digester 是一个 XML-Java对象的映射工具,用于解析 XML配置文件.

Discovery

Commons-Discovery 提供工具来定位资源 (包括类) ,通过使用各种模式来映射服务/引用名称和资源名称.

EL

Commons-EL 提供在JSP2.0规范中定义的EL表达式的解释器.

FileUpload

FileUpload 使得在你可以在应用和Servlet中容易的加入强大和高性能的文件上传能力.

HttpClient

Commons-HttpClient 提供了可以工作于HTTP协议客户端的一个框架.

IO

IO 是一个 I/O 工具集.

Jelly

Jelly是一个基于 XML 的脚本和处理引擎。 Jelly 借鉴了 JSP 定指标签,Velocity, Cocoon和Xdoclet中的脚本引擎的许多优点。Jelly 可以用在命令行, Ant 或者 Servlet之中.

Jexl

Jexl是一个表达式语言,通过借鉴来自于Velocity的经验扩展了JSTL定义的表达式语言.

JXPath

Commons-JXPath 提供了使用Xpath语法操纵符合Java类命名规范的 JavaBeans的工具。也支持 maps, DOM 和其他对象模型.

Lang

Commons-Lang 提供了许多许多通用的工具类集,提供了一些java.lang中类的扩展功能.

Latka

Commons-Latka 是一个HTTP 功能测试包,用于自动化的QA,验收和衰减测试.

Launcher

Launcher 组件是一个交叉平台的Java 应用载入器。 Commons-launcher 消除了需要批处理或者Shell脚本来载入Java 类。.原始的 Java 类来自于Jakarta Tomcat 4.0 项目.

Logging

Commons-Logging 是一个各种 logging API实现的包裹类.

Math

Math 是一个轻量的,自包含的数学和统计组件,解决了许多非常通用但没有及时出现在Java标准语言中的实践问题.

Modeler

Commons-Modeler 提供了建模兼容JMX规范的 Mbean的机制.

Net

Net 是一个网络工具集,基于 NetComponents 代码,包括 FTP 客户端等等.

Pool

Commons-Pool 提供了通用对象池接口,一个用于创建模块化对象池的工具包,以及通常的对象池实现.

Primitives

Commons-Primitives提供了一个更小,更快和更易使用的对Java基本类型的支持。当前主要是针对基本类型的 collection.

Validator

The commons-validator提供了一个简单的,可扩展的框架来在一个XML文件中定义校验器 (校验方法)和校验规则。支持校验规则的和错误消息的国际化.

详细信息位于:http://jakarta.apache.org/commons/index.html

 

一、commons.lang包方法集锦

import java.util.Iterator;import java.util.Map;import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.ClassUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.math.NumberUtils;/** * commons-lang-2.4.jar 包常用方法集锦 *  */public class CommonsLang {    public static void main(String[] args) {        String[] test = { "33", "ddffd" };        String[] test1 = { "ddffd", "33" };        // 1.判断两个数据是否相等        System.out.println(ArrayUtils.isEquals(test, test1));        // 2.{33,ddffd} 将数组内容以{,}形式输出.        System.out.println(ArrayUtils.toString(test));        Map map = ArrayUtils.toMap(new String[][] { { "RED", "#FF0000" },                { "GREEN", "#00FF00" }, { "BLUE", "#0000FF" } });        // 3.toMap 一个数组,但每个元素 Each element of the array        // must be either a {@link java.util.Map.Entry} or an Array,        // 方式一 下面是遍历map的方式,取得其keySet.iterator();        Iterator it = map.keySet().iterator();        while (it.hasNext()) {            String key = (String) it.next();            // it.next()只包含key            System.out.println("key:" + key + "value:" + map.get(key));        }        // 方式二,取得其entrySet()集合,        Iterator it1 = map.entrySet().iterator();        while (it.hasNext()) {            Map.Entry entry = (Map.Entry) it1.next();            // it1.next()中包含key和value            System.out.println("key :" + entry.getKey() + "value :"                    + entry.getValue());        }        // 4.取得类名        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getShortClassName(CommonsLang.class));        // 取得其包名        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getPackageName(CommonsLang.class));        // 5.NumberUtils        System.out.println(NumberUtils.stringToInt("6"));        System.out.println(NumberUtils.stringToInt("7", 10));        // 6.五位的随机字母和数字        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.randomAlphanumeric(5));        // 7.StringEscapeUtils        System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml("<html>"));        // 输出结果为&lt;html&gt;        System.out.println(StringEscapeUtils.escapeJava("String"));        // 8.StringUtils,判断是否是空格字符        System.out.println(StringUtils.isBlank(" "));        // 将数组中的内容以,分隔        System.out.println(StringUtils.join(test, ","));        // 在右边加下字符,使之总长度为6        System.out.println(StringUtils.rightPad("abc", 6, ‘T‘));        // 首字母大写        System.out.println(StringUtils.capitalize("abc"));        // Deletes all whitespaces from a String 删除所有空格        System.out.println(StringUtils.deleteWhitespace(" ab c "));        // 判断是否包含这个字符        System.out.println(StringUtils.contains("abc", "ba"));        // 表示左边两个字符        System.out.println(StringUtils.left("abc", 2));        System.out.println(StringUtils.right("abcd", 3));    }}

二、commons.lang包方法集锦

import java.io.File;import java.io.FileInputStream;import java.io.FileNotFoundException;import java.io.FileOutputStream;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.Calendar;import java.util.Date;import java.util.Iterator;import org.apache.commons.lang.ArrayUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.CharSet;import org.apache.commons.lang.CharSetUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.ClassUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.ObjectUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.RandomStringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.SerializationUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringEscapeUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.SystemUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.EqualsBuilder;import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.HashCodeBuilder;import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringBuilder;import org.apache.commons.lang.builder.ToStringStyle;import org.apache.commons.lang.math.NumberUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateFormatUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.time.DateUtils;import org.apache.commons.lang.time.StopWatch;public class LangDemo {    public void charSetDemo() {        System.out.println("**CharSetDemo**");        CharSet charSet = CharSet.getInstance("aeiou");        String demoStr = "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.";        int count = 0;        for (int i = 0, len = demoStr.length(); i < len; i++) {            if (charSet.contains(demoStr.charAt(i))) {                count++;            }        }        System.out.println("count: " + count);    }    public void charSetUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println("**CharSetUtilsDemo**");        System.out.println("计算字符串中包含某字符数.");        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.count(                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));        System.out.println("删除字符串中某字符.");        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.delete(                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));        System.out.println("保留字符串中某字符.");        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.keep(                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", "aeiou"));        System.out.println("合并重复的字符.");        System.out.println(CharSetUtils.squeeze("a  bbbbbb     c dd", "b d"));    }    public void objectUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println("**ObjectUtilsDemo**");        System.out.println("Object为null时,默认打印某字符.");        Object obj = null;        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.defaultIfNull(obj, "空"));        System.out.println("验证两个引用是否指向的Object是否相等,取决于Object的equals()方法.");        Object a = new Object();        Object b = a;        Object c = new Object();        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(a, b));        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(a, c));        System.out.println("用父类Object的toString()方法返回对象信息.");        Date date = new Date();        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.identityToString(date));        System.out.println(date);        System.out.println("返回类本身的toString()方法结果,对象为null时,返回0长度字符串.");        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.toString(date));        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.toString(null));        System.out.println(date);    }    public void serializationUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println("*SerializationUtils**");        Date date = new Date();        byte[] bytes = SerializationUtils.serialize(date);        System.out.println(ArrayUtils.toString(bytes));        System.out.println(date);        Date reDate = (Date) SerializationUtils.deserialize(bytes);        System.out.println(reDate);        System.out.println(ObjectUtils.equals(date, reDate));        System.out.println(date == reDate);        FileOutputStream fos = null;        FileInputStream fis = null;        try {            fos = new FileOutputStream(new File("d:/test.txt"));            fis = new FileInputStream(new File("d:/test.txt"));            SerializationUtils.serialize(date, fos);            Date reDate2 = (Date) SerializationUtils.deserialize(fis);            System.out.println(date.equals(reDate2));        } catch (FileNotFoundException e) {            e.printStackTrace();        } finally {            try {                fos.close();                fis.close();            } catch (IOException e) {                e.printStackTrace();            }        }    }    public void randomStringUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println("**RandomStringUtilsDemo**");        System.out.println("生成指定长度的随机字符串,好像没什么用.");        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(500));        System.out.println("在指定字符串中生成长度为n的随机字符串.");        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, "abcdefghijk"));        System.out.println("指定从字符或数字中生成随机字符串.");        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, true, false));        System.out.println(RandomStringUtils.random(5, false, true));    }    public void stringUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println("**StringUtilsDemo**");        System.out.println("将字符串重复n次,将文字按某宽度居中,将字符串数组用某字符串连接.");        String[] header = new String[3];        header[0] = StringUtils.repeat("*", 50);        header[1] = StringUtils.center("  StringUtilsDemo  ", 50, "^O^");        header[2] = header[0];        String head = StringUtils.join(header, "/n");        System.out.println(head);        System.out.println("缩短到某长度,用...结尾.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.abbreviate(                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", 10));        System.out.println(StringUtils.abbreviate(                "The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.", 15, 10));        System.out.println("返回两字符串不同处索引号.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.indexOfDifference("aaabc", "aaacc"));        System.out.println("返回两字符串不同处开始至结束.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.difference("aaabcde", "aaaccde"));        System.out.println("截去字符串为以指定字符串结尾的部分.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.chomp("aaabcde", "de"));        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否为另一字符串的子集.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsOnly("aad", "aadd"));        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否不是另一字符串的子集.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsNone("defg", "aadd"));        System.out.println("检查一字符串是否包含另一字符串.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.contains("defg", "ef"));        System.out.println(StringUtils.containsOnly("ef", "defg"));        System.out.println("返回可以处理null的toString().");        System.out.println(StringUtils.defaultString("aaaa"));        System.out.println("?" + StringUtils.defaultString(null) + "!");        System.out.println("去除字符中的空格.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.deleteWhitespace("aa  bb  cc"));        System.out.println("判断是否是某类字符.");        System.out.println(StringUtils.isAlpha("ab"));        System.out.println(StringUtils.isAlphanumeric("12"));        System.out.println(StringUtils.isBlank(""));        System.out.println(StringUtils.isNumeric("123"));    }    public void systemUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println(genHeader("SystemUtilsDemo"));        System.out.println("获得系统文件分隔符.");        System.out.println(SystemUtils.FILE_SEPARATOR);        System.out.println("获得源文件编码.");        System.out.println(SystemUtils.FILE_ENCODING);        System.out.println("获得ext目录.");        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_EXT_DIRS);        System.out.println("获得java版本.");        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_VM_VERSION);        System.out.println("获得java厂商.");        System.out.println(SystemUtils.JAVA_VENDOR);    }    public void classUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println(genHeader("ClassUtilsDemo"));        System.out.println("获取类实现的所有接口.");        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getAllInterfaces(Date.class));        System.out.println("获取类所有父类.");        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getAllSuperclasses(Date.class));        System.out.println("获取简单类名.");        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getShortClassName(Date.class));        System.out.println("获取包名.");        System.out.println(ClassUtils.getPackageName(Date.class));        System.out.println("判断是否可以转型.");        System.out.println(ClassUtils.isAssignable(Date.class, Object.class));        System.out.println(ClassUtils.isAssignable(Object.class, Date.class));    }    public void stringEscapeUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println(genHeader("StringEcsapeUtils"));        System.out.println("转换特殊字符.");        System.out.println("html:" + StringEscapeUtils.escapeHtml(""));        System.out.println("html:" + StringEscapeUtils.unescapeHtml("<p>"));    }    private final class BuildDemo {        String name;        int age;        public BuildDemo(String name, int age) {            this.name = name;            this.age = age;        }        public String toString() {            ToStringBuilder tsb = new ToStringBuilder(this,                    ToStringStyle.MULTI_LINE_STYLE);            tsb.append("Name", name);            tsb.append("Age", age);            return tsb.toString();        }        public int hashCode() {            HashCodeBuilder hcb = new HashCodeBuilder();            hcb.append(name);            hcb.append(age);            return hcb.hashCode();        }        public boolean equals(Object obj) {            if (!(obj instanceof BuildDemo)) {                return false;            }            BuildDemo bd = (BuildDemo) obj;            EqualsBuilder eb = new EqualsBuilder();            eb.append(name, bd.name);            eb.append(age, bd.age);            return eb.isEquals();        }    }    public void builderDemo() {        System.out.println(genHeader("BuilderDemo"));        BuildDemo obj1 = new BuildDemo("a", 1);        BuildDemo obj2 = new BuildDemo("b", 2);        BuildDemo obj3 = new BuildDemo("a", 1);        System.out.println("toString()");        System.out.println(obj1);        System.out.println(obj2);        System.out.println(obj3);        System.out.println("hashCode()");        System.out.println(obj1.hashCode());        System.out.println(obj2.hashCode());        System.out.println(obj3.hashCode());        System.out.println("equals()");        System.out.println(obj1.equals(obj2));        System.out.println(obj1.equals(obj3));    }    public void numberUtils() {        System.out.println(genHeader("NumberUtils"));        System.out.println("字符串转为数字(不知道有什么用).");        System.out.println(NumberUtils.stringToInt("ba", 33));        System.out.println("从数组中选出最大值.");        System.out.println(NumberUtils.max(new int[] { 1, 2, 3, 4 }));        System.out.println("判断字符串是否全是整数.");        System.out.println(NumberUtils.isDigits("123.1"));        System.out.println("判断字符串是否是有效数字.");        System.out.println(NumberUtils.isNumber("0123.1"));    }    public void dateFormatUtilsDemo() {        System.out.println(genHeader("DateFormatUtilsDemo"));        System.out.println("格式化日期输出.");        System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(System.currentTimeMillis(),                "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"));        System.out.println("秒表.");        StopWatch sw = new StopWatch();        sw.start();        for (Iterator iterator = DateUtils.iterator(new Date(),                DateUtils.RANGE_WEEK_CENTER); iterator.hasNext();) {            Calendar cal = (Calendar) iterator.next();            System.out.println(DateFormatUtils.format(cal.getTime(),                    "yy-MM-dd HH:mm"));        }        sw.stop();        System.out.println("秒表计时:" + sw.getTime());    }    private String genHeader(String head) {        String[] header = new String[3];        header[0] = StringUtils.repeat("*", 50);        header[1] = StringUtils.center("  " + head + "  ", 50, "^O^");        header[2] = header[0];        return StringUtils.join(header, "/n");    }    /**     * @param args     */    public static void main(String[] args) {        LangDemo langDemo = new LangDemo();        langDemo.charSetDemo();        langDemo.charSetUtilsDemo();        langDemo.objectUtilsDemo();        langDemo.serializationUtilsDemo();        langDemo.randomStringUtilsDemo();        langDemo.stringUtilsDemo();        langDemo.systemUtilsDemo();        langDemo.classUtilsDemo();        langDemo.stringEscapeUtilsDemo();        langDemo.builderDemo();        langDemo.numberUtils();        langDemo.dateFormatUtilsDemo();    }}

三、commons.lang包(StringUtils)方法集锦

处理文本对 Java 应用来说应该算是家常便饭了,在 1.4 出现之前, Java 自身提供的 API 非常有限,如 String 、StringTokenizer 、 StringBuffer ,操作也比较单一。无非就是查找 substring 、分解、合并等等。到 1.4 的出现可以说 Java 的文字处理上了一个台阶,因为它支持 regular expression 了。这可是个重量级而方便的东东啊,缺点是太复杂,学习起来有一定难度。相较而言, Jakarta Commons 提供的 StringUtils 和 WordUtils 至今还维持着那种简洁而强大的美,使用起来也很顺手。来看一个例子:

package sean.study.jakarta.commons.lang;import org.apache.commons.lang.StringUtils;public class StringUtilsAndWordUtilsUsage {public static void main(String[] args) {// data setupString str1 = "" ;String str2 = " " ;String str3 = "\t" ;String str4 = null ;String str5 = "123" ;String str6 = "ABCDEFG" ;String str7 = "It feels good to use Jakarta Commons.\r\n" ;// check for empty stringsSystem.out.println("==============================" );System.out.println("Is str1 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank(str1));System.out.println("Is str2 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank(str2));System.out.println("Is str3 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank(str3));System.out.println("Is str4 blank? " + StringUtils.isBlank(str4));// check for numericsSystem.out.println("==============================" );System.out.println("Is str5 numeric? " + StringUtils.isNumeric(str5));System.out.println("Is str6 numeric? " + StringUtils.isNumeric(str6));// reverse strings / whole wordsSystem.out.println("==============================" );System.out.println("str6: " + str6);System.out.println("str6 reversed: " + StringUtils.reverse(str6));System.out.println("str7: " + str7);String str8 = StringUtils.chomp(str7);str8 = StringUtils.reverseDelimited(str8, ‘ ‘ );System.out.println("str7 reversed whole words : \r\n" + str8);// build header (useful to print log messages that are easy to locate)System.out.println("==============================" );System.out.println("print header:" );String padding = StringUtils.repeat("=" , 50);String msg = StringUtils.center(" Customised Header " , 50, "%" );Object[] raw = new Object[]{padding, msg, padding};String header = StringUtils.join(raw, "\r\n" );System.out.println(header);}}

输出的结果如下:

 

==============================

Is str1 blank? true

Is str2 blank? true

Is str3 blank? true

Is str4 blank? true

==============================

Is str5 numeric? true

Is str6 numeric? false

==============================

str6: ABCDEFG

str6 reversed: GFEDCBA

str7: It feels good to use Jakarta Commons.

 

str7 reversed whole words :

Commons. Jakarta use to good feels It

==============================

print header:

==================================================

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% Customised Header %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

==================================================

 

从代码中我们可以大致了解到这个 StringUtils 类简单而强大的处理能力,从检查空串(对 null 的情况处理很得体),到分割子串,到生成格式化的字符串,使用都很简洁,也很直截了当。

四、commons.io包(StringUtils)方法集锦

1.文件内容拷贝:

import java.io.File;import java.io.FileWriter;import java.io.IOException;import java.io.InputStream;import java.io.Writer;import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;import org.apache.commons.io.IOUtils;public class FileCopyExample {public static void main(String[] args) {try {File src = new File( "test.dat" );File dest = new File( "test.dat.bak" );FileUtils.copyFile ( src, dest );} catch ( IOException ioe ) {System. out .println( "Problem copying file." );}try {File src = new File( "test.dat" );File dir = new File( "./temp" );FileUtils.copyFileToDirectory ( src, dir );} catch ( IOException ioe ) {System. out .println( "Problem copying file to dir." );}try {String string = "Blah blah blah" ;File dest = new File( "test.tmp" );FileUtils.writeStringToFile ( dest, string, "ISO-8859-1" );} catch ( IOException ioe ) {System. out .println( "Error writing out a String." );}try {Writer writer = new FileWriter( "test.dat" );InputStream inputStream =FileCopyExample. class .getClass().getResourceAsStream( "/io/web.xml" );IOUtils.copy ( inputStream, writer );writer.close();inputStream.close();} catch (IOException e) {System. out .println( "Error copying data" );}try {File src = new File( "test.txt" );OutputStream output = new FileOutputStream(src);InputStream inputStream =FileCopyExample. class .getClass().getResourceAsStream( "/io/web.xml" );IOUtils.copy ( inputStream , output );// writer.close();inputStream .close();output.close();} catch (IOException e) {System. out .println( "Error copying data" );}}}

2.文件删除:

File file = new File( ( "io/project.properties" ) );String display = FileUtils. byteCountToDisplaySize ( file.length() );System . out .println( "project.xml is " + display );FileUtils.forceDelete (file)

3.读取取文本中的每一行:

import java.io.File;import java.io.IOException;import java.util.List;import org.apache.commons.io.FileSystemUtils;import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;public class Test {public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {// TODO Auto-generated method stubFile file = new File((Test.class.getClass().getResource("/io/web.xml")).getFile());List lines = FileUtils.readLines(file, "UTF-8");for(int i=0;i<lines.size();i++)System.out.println(lines.get(i));}}

五、commons包,网上的一些参考资料

http://www.blogjava.net/coolingverse/category/26252.html

http://www.open-open.com      open文档-->我收藏的文档中,账号junjun1986

 

转:http://jun1986.iteye.com/blog/1401925