通过自动化过程，使用诸如 Visual C# .NET 这样的语言编写的应用程序就可以用编程方式来控制其他应用程序。利用 Excel 的自动化功能，您可以执行诸如新建工作簿、向工作簿添加数据或创建图表等操作。对于 Excel 和其他 Microsoft Office 应用程序，几乎所有可以通过用户界面手动执行的操作也都可以通过使用“自动化”功能以编程方式来执行。

Excel 通过一种对象模型来公开这一程序功能。该对象模型是一些类和方法的集合，这些类和方法充当 Excel 的逻辑组件。例如，有 Application 对象、Workbook 对象和 Worksheet 对象，其中每一种对象都包含 Excel 中那些组件的功能。要从 Visual C# .NET 访问该对象模型，可以设置对类型库的项目引用。

本文将阐述如何为 Visual C# .NET 设置对 Excel 类型库的适当项目引用，并提供使 Excel 自动运行的代码示例。

为 Microsoft Excel 创建自动化客户端

1. 启动 Microsoft Visual Studio .NET。
2. 在文件菜单上，单击新建，然后单击项目。从 Visual C# 项目类型中选择 Windows 应用程序。Form1 是默认创建的窗体。
3. 添加对 Microsoft Excel 对象库的引用。为此，请按照下列步骤操作：
   1. 在项目菜单上，单击添加引用。
   2. 在 COM 选项卡上，找到 Microsoft Excel 对象库，然后单击选择。
      
      注意：Microsoft Office 2003 包含主 Interop 程序集 (PIA)。Microsoft Office XP 不包含 PIA，但您可以下载 PIA。 有关 Office XP PIA 的更多信息，请单击下面的文章编号，以查看 Microsoft 知识库中相应的文章：
      328912 Microsoft Office XP 主 interop 程序集 (PIA) 可供下载
   3. 在添加引用对话框中单击确定以接受您的选择。如果系统提示您为选定的库生成包装，请单击是。
4. 在视图菜单上，选择工具箱以显示工具箱，然后向 Form1 添加一个按钮。
5. 双击 Button1。出现该窗体的代码窗口。
6. 在代码窗口中，将以下代码

   1 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)2 {3 }

   替换为

     1 private void button1_Click(object sender, System.EventArgs e)  2 {  3     Excel.Application oXL;  4     Excel._Workbook oWB;  5     Excel._Worksheet oSheet;  6     Excel.Range oRng;  7   8     try  9     { 10         //Start Excel and get Application object. 11         oXL = new Excel.Application(); 12         oXL.Visible = true; 13  14         //Get a new workbook. 15         oWB = (Excel._Workbook)(oXL.Workbooks.Add( Missing.Value )); 16         oSheet = (Excel._Worksheet)oWB.ActiveSheet; 17  18         //Add table headers going cell by cell. 19         oSheet.Cells[1, 1] = "First Name"; 20         oSheet.Cells[1, 2] = "Last Name"; 21         oSheet.Cells[1, 3] = "Full Name"; 22         oSheet.Cells[1, 4] = "Salary"; 23  24         //Format A1:D1 as bold, vertical alignment = center. 25         oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").Font.Bold = true; 26         oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1").VerticalAlignment =  27             Excel.XlVAlign.xlVAlignCenter; 28          29         // Create an array to multiple values at once. 30         string[,] saNames = new string[5,2]; 31          32         saNames[ 0, 0] = "John"; 33         saNames[ 0, 1] = "Smith"; 34         saNames[ 1, 0] = "Tom"; 35         saNames[ 1, 1] = "Brown"; 36         saNames[ 2, 0] = "Sue"; 37         saNames[ 2, 1] = "Thomas"; 38         saNames[ 3, 0] = "Jane"; 39         saNames[ 3, 1] = "Jones"; 40         saNames[ 4, 0] = "Adam"; 41         saNames[ 4, 1] = "Johnson"; 42  43             //Fill A2:B6 with an array of values (First and Last Names). 44             oSheet.get_Range("A2", "B6").Value2 = saNames; 45  46         //Fill C2:C6 with a relative formula (=A2 & " " & B2). 47         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("C2", "C6"); 48         oRng.Formula = "=A2 & \" \" & B2"; 49  50         //Fill D2:D6 with a formula(=RAND()*100000) and apply format. 51         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("D2", "D6"); 52         oRng.Formula = "=RAND()*100000"; 53         oRng.NumberFormat = "$0.00"; 54  55         //AutoFit columns A:D. 56         oRng = oSheet.get_Range("A1", "D1"); 57         oRng.EntireColumn.AutoFit(); 58  59         //Manipulate a variable number of columns for Quarterly Sales Data. 60         DisplayQuarterlySales(oSheet); 61  62         //Make sure Excel is visible and give the user control 63         //of Microsoft Excel‘s lifetime. 64         oXL.Visible = true; 65         oXL.UserControl = true; 66     } 67     catch( Exception theException )  68     { 69         String errorMessage; 70         errorMessage = "Error: "; 71         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Message ); 72         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, " Line: " ); 73         errorMessage = String.Concat( errorMessage, theException.Source ); 74  75         MessageBox.Show( errorMessage, "Error" ); 76     } 77 } 78  79 private void DisplayQuarterlySales(Excel._Worksheet oWS) 80 { 81     Excel._Workbook oWB; 82     Excel.Series oSeries; 83     Excel.Range oResizeRange; 84     Excel._Chart oChart; 85     String sMsg; 86     int iNumQtrs; 87  88     //Determine how many quarters to display data for. 89     for( iNumQtrs = 4; iNumQtrs >= 2; iNumQtrs--) 90     { 91         sMsg = "Enter sales data for "; 92         sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs ); 93         sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)?"); 94  95         DialogResult iRet = MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales?",  96             MessageBoxButtons.YesNo ); 97         if (iRet == DialogResult.Yes) 98             break; 99     }100 101     sMsg = "Displaying data for ";102     sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, iNumQtrs );103     sMsg = String.Concat( sMsg, " quarter(s)." );104 105     MessageBox.Show( sMsg, "Quarterly Sales" );106 107     //Starting at E1, fill headers for the number of columns selected.108     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E1").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);109     oResizeRange.Formula = "=\"Q\" & COLUMN()-4 & CHAR(10) & \"Sales\"";110 111     //Change the Orientation and WrapText properties for the headers.112     oResizeRange.Orientation = 38;113     oResizeRange.WrapText = true;114 115     //Fill the interior color of the headers.116     oResizeRange.Interior.ColorIndex = 36;117 118     //Fill the columns with a formula and apply a number format.119     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);120     oResizeRange.Formula = "=RAND()*100";121     oResizeRange.NumberFormat = "$0.00";122 123     //Apply borders to the Sales data and headers.124     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E1", "E6").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);125     oResizeRange.Borders.Weight = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThin;126 127     //Add a Totals formula for the sales data and apply a border.128     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E8", "E8").get_Resize( Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);129     oResizeRange.Formula = "=SUM(E2:E6)";130     oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).LineStyle 131         = Excel.XlLineStyle.xlDouble;132     oResizeRange.Borders.get_Item( Excel.XlBordersIndex.xlEdgeBottom ).Weight 133         = Excel.XlBorderWeight.xlThick;134 135     //Add a Chart for the selected data.136     oWB = (Excel._Workbook)oWS.Parent;137     oChart = (Excel._Chart)oWB.Charts.Add( Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 138         Missing.Value, Missing.Value );139 140     //Use the ChartWizard to create a new chart from the selected data.141     oResizeRange = oWS.get_Range("E2:E6", Missing.Value ).get_Resize( 142         Missing.Value, iNumQtrs);143     oChart.ChartWizard( oResizeRange, Excel.XlChartType.xl3DColumn, Missing.Value,144         Excel.XlRowCol.xlColumns, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, 145         Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value, Missing.Value );146     oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(1);147     oSeries.XValues = oWS.get_Range("A2", "A6");148     for( int iRet = 1; iRet <= iNumQtrs; iRet++)149     {150         oSeries = (Excel.Series)oChart.SeriesCollection(iRet);151         String seriesName;152         seriesName = "=\"Q";153         seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, iRet );154         seriesName = String.Concat( seriesName, "\"" );155         oSeries.Name = seriesName;156     }                                                          157     158     oChart.Location( Excel.XlChartLocation.xlLocationAsObject, oWS.Name );159 160     //Move the chart so as not to cover your data.161     oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Rows.get_Item(10, Missing.Value );162     oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Top = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Top;163     oResizeRange = (Excel.Range)oWS.Columns.get_Item(2, Missing.Value );164     oWS.Shapes.Item("Chart 1").Left = (float)(double)oResizeRange.Left;165 }166                     

   滚动到代码窗口的顶部。将下面的代码行添加到 using 指令列表的末尾：

   1 using Excel = Microsoft.Office.Interop.Excel;2 using System.Reflection; 

   对自动化客户端进行测试

   1. 按 F5 生成并运行该程序。
   2. 在窗体上，单击 Button1。该程序将启动 Excel 并将数据填充到一个新的工作表中。
   3. 在提示您输入季度销售数据时，单击是。一个链接到季度数据的图表就会被添加到工作表中。