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【转】RHCE 7系列—RHCE考试

2024-08-15 17:52:45   223人阅读

本篇主要以RHCE练习题为线索，介绍其中涉及的知识点。

红色引用的字为题目要求（不是正式题目,难度略低于正式题目）

In serverX or desktopX
1. (lab teambridge setup[in serverX])Configure Link Aggregation in
serverX with config “activebackup” ip “192.168.0.11” gw
“192.168.0.254”.

 

lab teambridge setup

[root@server0 ~]# ip link
1: lo: <LOOPBACK,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT
link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00
2: eth0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
3: eth1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0e brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
4: eth2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether 52:54:00:00:00:0f brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
6: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether da:da:11:ca:26:07 brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000
link/ether ca:2a:c4:8c:f1:ce brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

添加类型为team的网卡：

  • [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team0 ifname team0 type team config ‘{“runner”:{“name”:”activebackup”}}’
    Connection ‘team0’ (fcc3dcd2-ecfe-429a-9056-4a4115f48e7a) successfully added.

修改该网卡的配置：

  • [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection modify “team0” ipv4.addresses “192.168.0.11/24 192.168.0.254” ipv4.method manual

分配两张网卡，作为子端口：

  • [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team0-port1 ifname eno1 type team-slave master team0
  • [root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection add con-name team0-port2 ifname eno2 type team-slave master team0
  • 检查状态：

[root@server0 ~]# teamdctl team0 state
setup:
runner: activebackup
ports:
eno1
link watches:
link summary: up
instance[link_watch_0]:
name: ethtool
link: up
eno2
link watches:
link summary: up
instance[link_watch_0]:
name: ethtool
link: up
runner:
active port: eno1

  • ip -a

……..

6: eno1: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master team0 state UP qlen 1000
link/ether ca:0f:d9:cb:e7:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
8: eno2: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast master team0 state UP qlen 1000
link/ether ca:0f:d9:cb:e7:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
15: team0: <BROADCAST,MULTICAST,UP,LOWER_UP> mtu 1500 qdisc noqueue state UP
link/ether ca:0f:d9:cb:e7:7b brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff
inet 192.168.0.11/24 brd 192.168.0.255 scope global team0
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
inet6 fe80::400b:2dff:fe43:bdde/64 scope link
valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever
[root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection show

测试：

[root@server0 ~]# nmcli connection show
NAME UUID TYPE DEVICE
System eth0 5fb06bd0-0bb0-7ffb-45f1-d6edd65f3e03 802-3-ethernet eth0
team0-port2 5cce5b22-6da3-4063-b637-b22df585525d 802-3-ethernet eno2
team0-port1 c4e4faf7-49c6-4ff1-b14a-9d803bf1e3ed 802-3-ethernet eno1
team0 96c7eec8-4265-4e32-a378-cdf17a429f83 team team0
[root@server0 ~]# ping -I team0 192.168.0.254
PING 192.168.0.254 (192.168.0.254) from 192.168.0.11 team0: 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.317 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.046 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=3 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
64 bytes from 192.168.0.254: icmp_seq=4 ttl=64 time=0.047 ms
^C
— 192.168.0.254 ping statistics —
4 packets transmitted, 4 received, 0% packet loss, time 2999ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.046/0.114/0.317/0.117 ms

2. Managing DNS forward requires from anywhere to “classroom.example.com”
in serverX.

 

 

3. (lab smtp-nullclient setup[in serverX & desktopX])Configure a local
mail server as a null client(serverX) that forwards all messages to a
central server(desktopX) for delivery.

 

 

 

4. Configure a iSCSI target server(serverX) with ACL-validated access:
you should create a new 1G target on serverX. This target should be
called “iqn.2014-10.com.example:serverX”. And it should only be
available to client with a initiatorname of “iqn.2014-
10.com.example:desktopX”.In desktopX you should mount it in
“/mnt/iscsi”.

服务端配置：

安装软件

  • yum search targetcli
  • yum install targetcli -y

先按照要求分区（注意千万不要格式化）

  • [root@server0 ~]# fdisk /dev/vdb
  • [root@server0 ~]# partprobe
    [root@server0 ~]# fdisk -l

配置ISCSI服务端：

技术分享

  • [root@server0 ~]# targetcli

/> backstores/block create disk1 /dev/vdb

 

/> iscsi/ create iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0

/> iscsi/iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0/tpg1/luns create /backstores/block/disk1

iscsi/iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0/tpg1/acls create iqn.2014-10.com.example:desktop0 （这里客户端的地址）

/> iscsi/iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0/tpg1/portals create 172.25.0.11

 

/> saveconfig

技术分享

开启防火墙

  • [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd –permanent –add-port=3260/tcp
    success
    [root@server0 ~]# firewall-cmd –reload
    success

客户端配置：

  1. [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/iscsi/initiatorname.iscsi

InitiatorName=iqn.2014-10.com.example:desktop0 （这里是客户端的地址）

安装客户端，并设置开机启动：

  • [root@desktop0 ~]# yum install iscsi-initiator-utils.x86_64 -y
  • [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl enable iscsi iscsid
  • [root@desktop0 ~]# systemctl start iscsi iscsid

主动发现服务端：（如果记不得参数， 可以man iscsiadm 里面有example）

  • [root@desktop0 ~]# iscsiadm –mode discoverydb –type sendtargets –portal 172.25.0.11 –discover

登陆

  • [root@desktop0 ~]# iscsiadm –mode node –targetname iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0 –portal 172.25.0.11:3260 –login
    Logging in to [iface: default, target: iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260] (multiple)
    Login to [iface: default, target: iqn.2014-10.com.example:server0, portal: 172.25.0.11,3260] successful.
    [root@desktop0 ~]#

测试发现多了一块sda设备：

  • [root@desktop0 ~]# ll /dev/sd*
    brw-rw—-. 1 root disk 8, 0 Aug 3 11:31 /dev/sda

分区、格式化、开机自动挂载：

  • fdisk /d/dev/sda1
  • [root@desktop0 ~]# mkdir /mnt/iscsi
  • [root@desktop0 ~]# vim /etc/fstab （这个配置_netdev千万要写对）

/dev/sda1 /mnt/iscsi xfs _netdev 0 0

  • [root@desktop0 ~]# mount -a
  • [root@desktop0 ~]# df -h

（ISCSI貌似有个bug，client端配置完成后重启会卡住，所以必须手动断电，再重开）

5. Share directory “/nornfs” with NFS and on serverX and mount it on
desktopX in “/mnt/nfs”, User in desktopX should have only read
permission on it. Make sure it mounted at startup time.

服务端：

首先修改NFS版本号：

  • vim /etc/sysconfig/nfs

修改其中的 RHCNFSDARGS=”-V 4.2”

首先建立一个单独的分区，然后挂载到制定的目录下（这个就是之后NFS共享目录了）

  • fdisk /dev/vdb
  • partprobe
  • mkfs.xfs /dev/vdb2
  • vim /etc/fstab
  • mount -a
  • df -h

安装文件/设置启动

  • yum search nfs
  • yum install nfs-utils.x86_64 -y
  • systemctl enable nfs-server.service
  • systemctl start nfs-server.service

修改主配置

  • vim /etc/exports

/nornfs 172.25.0.10/24(ro,sync)

  • exportfs -r

配置防火墙：

  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=nfs
  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=rpc-bind
  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=mountd
  • firewall-cmd –reload

在本机测试：

  • showmount -e

 

客户端：

测试连接NFS服务器：

  • showmount -e 172.25.0.11
  • systemctl enable nfs
  • systemctl enable nfs.service

创建目录，设置开机挂载：

  • mkdir /mnt/nfs
  • mount 172.25.0.11:/nornfs /mnt/nfs/
  • df -h
  • vim /etc/fstab

172.25.0.11:/nornfs /mnt/nfs nfs defaults 0 0

  • mount -a
  • reboot

6. (lab storageshares setup[in serverX & desktopX])Share directory
“/krbnfs” with NFS and Kerberos on serverX and mount it on desktopX in
“/mnt/nfsspace”.User in desktopX should have full permission on it.
Make sure it mounted at startup time.

服务端：

下载证书：

  • wget -O /etc/krb5.keytab http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/server0.keytab

创建对应的目录并在server0上设置自动挂载：

  • mkdir /krbnfs
  • vim /etc/fstab
  • mount -a

设置nfs配置文件：

  • vim /etc/exports

/krbnfs 172.25.0.0/24(rw,sec=krb5p)

  • exportfs -r

启动服务：

  • systemctl enable nfs-secure-server.service （这里和Client不一样，要注意）
  • systemctl start nfs-secure-server.service
  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=nfs
  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=rpc-bind
  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=mountd
  • firewall-cmd –reload

登陆ldap：

  • ssh ldapuser0@desktop0.example.com

 

客户端

下载证书：

  • wget -O /etc/krb5.keytab http://classroom.example.com/pub/keytabs/desktop0.keytab

启动服务

  • systemctl enable nfs-secure.service （这里和server不一样，要注意）
  • systemctl start nfs-secure.service

设置开机自动挂载：

  • vim /etc/fstab

172.25.0.11:/krbnfs /mnt/nfsspace nfs defaults,v4.2,sec=krb5p 0 0

  • mount -a

登陆ldap：

  • ssh ldapuser0@desktop0.example.com

7. Share a directory “/smbshare” with SMB and it can only mounted on
desktopX in “/mnt/smb”, members of the group “share” has full
permission on the share. Others only have the read permission.Create a
Samba-only user natasha and harry with password “redhat”.Configure
multiuser config in desktopX with user harry. root in desktopX should
have only read permission in it . natasha in desktopX should have full
permission in it.

服务端配置：

安装需要的软件：

  • yum install samba.x86_64 samba-client.x86_64 -y

设置启动，开启两个服务：（这里不要忘了nmb服务）

  • systemctl enable smb nmb
  • systemctl start smb nmb

设置防火墙：

  • firewall-cmd –permanent –add-service=samba
  • firewall-cmd –reload

设置samba用户组及其用户，并设置其samba密码：

  • groupadd share
  • useradd -G share -s /sbin/nologin natasha
  • useradd -G share -s /sbin/nologin harry
  • smbpasswd -a natasha
  • smbpasswd -a harry

按题目要求创建目录，并且修改该目录的安全上下文以及目录权限：

  • mkdir /smbshare
  • chown .share /smbshare/
  • chmod 775 /smbshare/
  • semanage fcontext -a -t samba_share_t ‘/smbshare(/.*)?‘ （如果记不得安全上下文的类型，可以在samba主配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf中找到）
  • restorecon -vvRF /smb1share/
  • ll -dZ /smb1share/

技术分享

修改主配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf:

[smb]
comment = SMB share
path = /smbshare
browseable = yes
guest ok = no
writeable = yes
write list = @share
read list = root

read list 指定只能读取该共享资源的用户和组

write list 指定能读取和写该共享资源的用户和组

另外可能还会遇到限制特定域/IP段访问samba的情况，在[grobal]中和自定义的模块中，加入

有如下几种格式：（这里根据题目要求）

hosts allow =172.25.0.0/24

hosts allow =172.25.0. (不要忘记最后的点)

hosts allow = .example.com (不要忘记前面的点)

hosts allow =172.25.0.1

即可 （推荐在自己定义的模块中填写，这样配置更灵活）

配置好之后，可以用命令检查一下配置是否正确：

  • testparm

重启服务：

  • systemctl restart smb nmb

可以先在本地测试一下：

  • smbclient -L //172.25.0.11/smb -U natasha
  • smbclient //172.25.0.11/smb -U natasha
  • smbclient //172.25.0.11/smb

客户端配置：

测试samba客户端：

在配置cifs之前，可以先测试一下samba是否可用：

先安装samba客户端：

  • yum install samba-client.x86_64 -y
  • smbclient -L //172.25.0.11/smb -U natasha
  • smbclient //172.25.0.11/smb -U harry
  • smbclient //172.25.0.11/smb

配置cifs

安装需要的软件：

  • yum install cifs-utils.x86_64 -y

创建挂载点，并自动挂载目录：

  • mkdir /mnt/smbspace

可以先用mount测试一下，是否能够成功挂载：

  • mount -t cifs //172.25.0.11/smb /mnt/smbspace/ -o username=harry
  • df -h

技术分享

  • 设置samba用户的密码文件/root/smb.pass：

username=harry
password=redhat

  • 编辑配置文件，添加如下（这里的配置如果不会写的话， 可以man mount.cifs ,里面都有参数的介绍）：
  • vim /etc/fstab

//172.25.0.11/smb /mnt/smbspace cifs defaults,credentials=/root/smb.pass,multiuser,sec=ntlmssp 0 0

  • df -h (再查看一下)

最后两台机器都重启一下，先重启server，再desktop

配置客户端cifs的时候有个坑：

不论是

  • mount -t cifs //172.25.0.11/smb /mnt/smbspace/ -o username=harry

还是修改/etc/fstab，

填写远程samba服务端的地址时（红色字体） //172.25.0.11/smb， 一定不是路径 ！！！ 而是/etc/samba/smb.conf中samba的名称，而不是path：

技术分享

 

 

 

 

 

如果按照上图的配置， 在客户端这样挂载：

  • mount -t cifs //172.25.0.11/smbshare /mnt/smbspace/ -o username=natasha

你就会得到这样的错误：

Retrying with upper case share name
mount error(6): No such device or address
Refer to the mount.cifs(8) manual page (e.g. man mount.cifs)

技术分享

8. Configure MariaDB with a database named “inventory” in
“http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/mariadb/inventory.dump”.Co
nfig password “redhat” for root.

下载文件：

  • wget http://classroom.example.com/pub/materials/mariadb/inventory.dump

安装文件

  • yum groupinstall mariadb -y

配置启动：

  • systemctl enable mariadb.service
  • systemctl start mariadb.service

设置安全性

  • mysql_secure_installation

按照要求进行设置即可

然后创建数据库inventory

  • mysql -u root -p

MariaDB [(none)]> Create database inventory;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> exit
Bye

导入数据：

  • [root@server0 ~]# mysql -u root -p inventory < inventory.dump
    Enter password:

查询一下：

MariaDB [inventory]> show tables;
+———————+
| Tables_in_inventory |
+———————+
| category |
| manufacturer |
| product |
+———————+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

 

 

（未完待续）

Linux, RHCE

 

 

 文章来源：

http://www.attacker2001.com/

 

云袭2001‘s blog

 

一个不努力的菜鸟

 

【转】RHCE 7系列—RHCE考试


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