<!-- web.xml -->
<servlet>
 <servlet-name>countries</servlet-name>
 <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
 <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet> 
<servlet-mapping>
 <servlet-name>countries</servlet-name>
 <url-pattern>*.htm</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping

<!-- dispatcherServlet-servlet.xml -->
<!--  派遣器收到请求后,把不同的页面派遣到不同的控制器进行处理
Spring有两种MAPPING的机制,默认为BeanNameUrlHandlerMapping,在DispatcherServlet.properties文件中配置
我们这里采用的是SimpleUrlHandlerMapping. -->
<bean id="urlMapping" class="org.springframework.web.servlet.handler.SimpleUrlHandlerMapping">
 <property name="mappings">
  <props>
   <prop key="/home.htm">countriesController</prop>
  </props>
 </property>
<!-- 在控制器处理前,我们可以将其拦截,进行一些特殊或通用处理;拦截器可以选用Spring已经实现的或我们自己实现的  -->
 <property name="interceptors">
  <list>
   <ref local="localeChangeInterceptor"/>
   <ref local="themeChangeInterceptor"/>
   <ref local="copyInterceptor"/>
  </list>
 </property>
</bean>

<bean id="countriesController" class="cn.jephon.demo.CountriesController" />

<!--web.xml 配置 spring 的DispatcherServlet-->
<servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVC</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class>
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <!--给出框架配置文件所在的路径-->
            <param-value>classpath:conf/freemarker-servlet.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
</servlet>


<!--freemarker-servlet在conf/freemarker-servlet.xml文件中的参数配置如下-->
<!-- freemark --> 
    <bean id="freemarkerConfig"
        class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerConfigurer">
        <property name="templateLoaderPath" value="/WEB-INF/ftl/" />
        <property name="defaultEncoding" value="UTF-8" />
    </bean>

    <bean id="viewResolver"
    class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.freemarker.FreeMarkerViewResolver">
        <property name="cache" value="true" />
        <property name="prefix" value="" />
        <property name="suffix" value=".ftl" />
        <property name="exposeSpringMacroHelpers" value="true" />
        <property name="exposeRequestAttributes" value="true" />
        <property name="exposeSessionAttributes" value="true" />
        <property name="requestContextAttribute" value="request" />
        <property name="contentType" value="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
    </bean>

//DispatcherServlet的初始化方法
@Override
public final void init() throws ServletException {
    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Initializing servlet ‘" + getServletName() + "‘");
    }

    // Set bean properties from init parameters.
    try {
        PropertyValues pvs = new ServletConfigPropertyValues(getServletConfig(), this.requiredProperties);
        BeanWrapper bw = PropertyAccessorFactory.forBeanPropertyAccess(this);
        ResourceLoader resourceLoader = new ServletContextResourceLoader(getServletContext());
        bw.registerCustomEditor(Resource.class, new ResourceEditor(resourceLoader, this.environment));
　　　　 //只有HttpServletBean覆盖了此方法，
　　　　 //所以由HttpServletBean读取配置在ServletContext中的bean属性参数，即web.xml中的context-param，然后创建和设置这些bean属性
        initBeanWrapper(bw);
        bw.setPropertyValues(pvs, true);
    }
    catch (BeansException ex) {
        logger.error("Failed to set bean properties on servlet ‘" + getServletName() + "‘", ex);
        throw ex;
    }

    // Let subclasses do whatever initialization they like.
    //由FrameServlet执行此方法，调用FrameworkServlet的createWebApplicationContext方法，初始化spring容器。
　　//调用FrameworkServlet的onRefresh方法完成配置文件的加载，配置文件的加载是先查找servlet的init-param参数中设置的路径，如果没有，就会根据namespace+Servlet的名称来查找XML文件。 
　　//Spring容器加载的时候会调用DispatcherServlet的initStrategies方法来初始化springMVC框架所需要的八个组件，这八个组件对应的八个bean对应都保存在DispatcherServlet类中。
　　initServletBean();

    if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
        logger.debug("Servlet ‘" + getServletName() + "‘ configured successfully");
    }
}

    protected void initStrategies(ApplicationContext context) {
        //初始化MultipartResolver，主要是处理文件上传服务。
        initMultipartResolver(context);
        //用于处理应用的国际化问题
        initLocaleResolver(context);
        //用于定义一个主题
        initThemeResolver(context);
        //用于定义用户设置的请求映射关系
        initHandlerMappings(context);
        //用于根据Handler的类型定义不同的处理规则
        initHandlerAdapters(context);
        //当Handler处理错误的时候，通过这个handler来做统一的处理
        initHandlerExceptionResolvers(context);
        //将指定的ViewName按照定义的RequestToViewNameTranslator替换成想要的格式。
        initRequestToViewNameTranslator(context);
        //用于将view解析成页面
        initViewResolvers(context);
        //用于映射flash管理的。
        initFlashMapManager(context);
    }

    protected HandlerExecutionChain getHandler(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception {
        for (HandlerMapping hm : this.handlerMappings) {
            if (logger.isTraceEnabled()) {
                logger.trace(
                        "Testing handler map [" + hm + "] in DispatcherServlet with name ‘" + getServletName() + "‘");
            }
            HandlerExecutionChain handler = hm.getHandler(request);
            if (handler != null) {
                return handler;
            }
        }
        return null;
    }

public class ModelAndView {
 
/** View instance or view name String */
    private Object view;
 
    /** Model Map */
    private ModelMap model;
 
    /** Indicates whether or not this instance has been cleared with a call to {@link #clear()} */
    private boolean cleared = false;
 
.....
 
}

public interface RequestToViewNameTranslator {
    String getViewName(HttpServletRequest request) throws Exception;
}
public interface ViewResolver {
    View resolveViewName(String viewName, Locale locale) throws Exception;
 }

public interface View {
void render(Map<String, ?> model, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws Exception;
}