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使用ptrace向已运行进程中注入.so并执行相关函数
1. 简介
使用ptrace向已运行进程中注入.so并执行相关函数,其中的“注入”二字的真正含义为:此.so被link到已运行进程(以下简称为:目标进程)空间中,从而.so中的函数在目标进程空间中有对应的地址,然后通过此地址便可在目标进程中进行调用。
到底是如何注入的呢?
本文实现方案为:在目标进程中,通过dlopen把需要注入的.so加载到目标进程的空间中。
2. 如何让目标进程执行dlopen加载.so?
显然,目标进程本来是没有实现通过dlopen来加载我们想注入的.so,为了实现此功能,我们需要目标进程执行一段我们实现的代码,此段代码的功能为通过dlopen来加载一个.so。
3. 【加载.so的实现代码】
加载需要注入的.so的实现代码如下所示:
- .global _dlopen_addr_s @dlopen函数在目标进程中的地址 注:以下全局变化在C中可读写
- .global _dlopen_param1_s @dlopen参数1<.so>在目标进程中的地址
- .global _dlopen_param2_s @dlopen参数2在目标进程中的地址
- .global _dlsym_addr_s @dlsym函数在目标进程中的地址
- .global _dlsym_param2_s @dlsym参数2在目标进程中的地址,其实为函数名
- .global _dlclose_addr_s @dlcose在目标进程中的地址
- .global _inject_start_s @汇编代码段的起始地址
- .global _inject_end_s @汇编代码段的结束地址
- .global _inject_function_param_s @hook_init参数在目标进程中的地址
- .global _saved_cpsr_s @保存CPSR,以便执行完hook_init之后恢复环境
- .global _saved_r0_pc_s @保存r0-r15,以便执行完hook_init之后恢复环境
- .data
- _inject_start_s:
- @ debug loop
- 3:
- @sub r1, r1, #0
- @B 3b
- @ dlopen
- ldr r1, _dlopen_param2_s @设置dlopen第二个参数, flag
- ldr r0, _dlopen_param1_s @设置dlopen第一个参数 .so
- ldr r3, _dlopen_addr_s @设置dlopen函数
- blx r3 @执行dlopen函数,返回值位于r0中
- subs r4, r0, #0 @把dlopen的返回值soinfo保存在r4中,以方便后面dlclose使用
- beq 2f
- @dlsym
- ldr r1, _dlsym_param2_s @设置dlsym第二个参数,第一个参数已经在r0中了
- ldr r3, _dlsym_addr_s @设置dlsym函数
- blx r3 @执行dlsym函数,返回值位于r0中
- subs r3, r0, #0 @把返回值<hook_init在目标进程中的地址>保存在r3中
- beq 1f
- @call our function
- ldr r0, _inject_function_param_s @设置hook_init第一个参数
- blx r3 @执行hook_init
- subs r0, r0, #0
- beq 2f
- 1:
- @dlclose
- mov r0, r4 @把dlopen的返回值设为dlcose的第一个参数
- ldr r3, _dlclose_addr_s @设置dlclose函数
- blx r3 @执行dlclose函数
- 2:
- @restore context
- ldr r1, _saved_cpsr_s @恢复CPSR
- msr cpsr_cf, r1
- ldr sp, _saved_r0_pc_s @恢复寄存器r0-r15
- ldmfd sp, {r0-pc}
- _dlopen_addr_s: @初始化_dlopen_addr_s
- .word 0x11111111
- _dlopen_param1_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _dlopen_param2_s:
- .word 0x2 @RTLD_GLOBAL
- _dlsym_addr_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _dlsym_param2_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _dlclose_addr_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _inject_function_param_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _saved_cpsr_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _saved_r0_pc_s:
- .word 0x11111111
- _inject_end_s: @代码结束地址
- .space 0x400, 0 @代码段空间大小
- .end
4. 如何把【加载.so的实现代码】写入目标进程并启动执行?
为了把【加载.so的实现代码】写入目标进程,主要有以下两步操作:
1) 在目标进程中找到存放【加载.so的实现代码】的空间(通过mmap实现)
2) 把【加载.so的实现代码】写入目标进程指定的空间
3) 启动执行
4.1 在目标进程中找到存放【加载.so的实现代码】的空间
通过mmap来实现,其实现步骤如下:
1) 获取目标进程中mmap地址
2) 把mmap参数据放入r0-r3,另外两个写入目标进程sp
3) pc设置为mmap地址,lr设置为0
4) 把准备好的寄存器写入目标进程(PTRACE_SETREGS),并启动目标进程运行(PTRACE_CONT)
5) 分配的内存首地址位于r0 (PTRACE_GETREGS)
4.2 为【加载.so的实现代码】中的全局变量赋值
1) 获取目标进程中dlopen地址并赋值给_dlopen_addr_s
2) 获取目标进程中dlsym地址并赋值给_dlsym_addr_s
3) 获取目标进程中dlclose地址并赋值给_dlclose_addr_s
4) 把需要加载的.so的路径放入 汇编代码中,并获取此路径在目标进程中的地址然后赋值给_dlopen_param1_s
5) 把需要加载的.so中的hook_init放入 汇编代码中,并获取此路径在目标进程中的地址然后赋值给_dlsym_param2_s
6) 把目标进程中的cpsr保存在_saved_cpsr_s中
7) 把目标进程中的r0-r15存入汇编代码中,并获取此变量在目标进程中的地址然后赋值给_saved_r0_pc_s
8) 通过ptrace( PTRACE_POKETEXT,...)把汇编代码写入目标进程中,起始地址由前面的mmap所分配
9) 把目标进程的pc设置为汇编代码的起始地址,然后调用ptrace(PTRACE_DETACH,...)以启动目标进程执行
5. 把汇编代码写入目标进程并执行的实现代码
5.1 主函数 writecode_to_targetproc
- #include <stdio.h>
- #include <stdlib.h>
- #include <asm/ptrace.h>
- #include <asm/user.h>
- #include <asm/ptrace.h>
- #include <sys/wait.h>
- #include <sys/mman.h>
- #include <dlfcn.h>
- #include <dirent.h>
- #include <unistd.h>
- #include <string.h>
- #include <android/log.h>
- #include <sys/types.h>
- #include <sys/socket.h>
- #include <netinet/in.h>
- #include <sys/stat.h>
- #define MAX_PATH 0x100
- #define REMOTE_ADDR( addr, local_base, remote_base ) ( (uint32_t)(addr) + (uint32_t)(remote_base) - (uint32_t)(local_base) )
- /* write the assembler code into target proc,
- * and invoke it to execute
- */
- int writecode_to_targetproc(
- pid_t target_pid, // target process pid
- const char *library_path, // the path of .so that will be
- // upload to target process
- const char *function_name, // .so init fucntion e.g. hook_init
- void *param, // the parameters of init function
- size_t param_size ) // number of parameters
- {
- int ret = -1;
- void *mmap_addr, *dlopen_addr, *dlsym_addr, *dlclose_addr;
- void *local_handle, *remote_handle, *dlhandle;
- uint8_t *map_base;
- uint8_t *dlopen_param1_ptr, *dlsym_param2_ptr, *saved_r0_pc_ptr, *inject_param_ptr, *remote_code_ptr, *local_code_ptr;
- struct pt_regs regs, original_regs;
- // extern global variable in the assembler code
- extern uint32_t _dlopen_addr_s, _dlopen_param1_s, _dlopen_param2_s, \
- _dlsym_addr_s, _dlsym_param2_s, _dlclose_addr_s, \
- _inject_start_s, _inject_end_s, _inject_function_param_s, \
- _saved_cpsr_s, _saved_r0_pc_s;
- uint32_t code_length;
- long parameters[10];
- // make target_pid as its child process and stop
- if ( ptrace_attach( target_pid ) == -1 )
- return -1;
- // get the values of 18 registers from target_pid
- if ( ptrace_getregs( target_pid, ®s ) == -1 )
- goto exit;
- // save original registers
- memcpy( &original_regs, ®s, sizeof(regs) );
- // get mmap address from target_pid
- // the mmap is the address of mmap in the cur process
- mmap_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, "/system/lib/libc.so", (void *)mmap );
- // set mmap parameters
- parameters[0] = 0; // addr
- parameters[1] = 0x4000; // size
- parameters[2] = PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE | PROT_EXEC; // prot
- parameters[3] = MAP_ANONYMOUS | MAP_PRIVATE; // flags
- parameters[4] = 0; //fd
- parameters[5] = 0; //offset
- // execute the mmap in target_pid
- if ( ptrace_call( target_pid, (uint32_t)mmap_addr, parameters, 6, ®s ) == -1 )
- goto exit;
- // get the return values of mmap <in r0>
- if ( ptrace_getregs( target_pid, ®s ) == -1 )
- goto exit;
- // get the start address for assembler code
- map_base = (uint8_t *)regs.ARM_r0;
- // get the address of dlopen, dlsym and dlclose in target process
- dlopen_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, "/system/bin/linker", (void *)dlopen );
- dlsym_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, "/system/bin/linker", (void *)dlsym );
- dlclose_addr = get_remote_addr( target_pid, "/system/bin/linker", (void *)dlclose );
- // set the start address for assembler code in target process
- remote_code_ptr = map_base + 0x3C00;
- // set the start address for assembler code in cur process
- local_code_ptr = (uint8_t *)&_inject_start_s;
- // set global variable of assembler code
- // and these address is in the target process
- _dlopen_addr_s = (uint32_t)dlopen_addr;
- _dlsym_addr_s = (uint32_t)dlsym_addr;
- _dlclose_addr_s = (uint32_t)dlclose_addr;
- code_length = (uint32_t)&_inject_end_s - (uint32_t)&_inject_start_s;
- dlopen_param1_ptr = local_code_ptr + code_length + 0x20;
- dlsym_param2_ptr = dlopen_param1_ptr + MAX_PATH;
- saved_r0_pc_ptr = dlsym_param2_ptr + MAX_PATH;
- inject_param_ptr = saved_r0_pc_ptr + MAX_PATH;
- // save library path to assembler code global variable
- strcpy( dlopen_param1_ptr, library_path );
- _dlopen_param1_s = REMOTE_ADDR( dlopen_param1_ptr, local_code_ptr, remote_code_ptr );
- // save function name to assembler code global variable
- strcpy( dlsym_param2_ptr, function_name );
- _dlsym_param2_s = REMOTE_ADDR( dlsym_param2_ptr, local_code_ptr, remote_code_ptr );
- // save cpsr to assembler code global variable
- _saved_cpsr_s = original_regs.ARM_cpsr;
- // save r0-r15 to assembler code global variable
- memcpy( saved_r0_pc_ptr, &(original_regs.ARM_r0), 16 * 4 ); // r0 ~ r15
- _saved_r0_pc_s = REMOTE_ADDR( saved_r0_pc_ptr, local_code_ptr, remote_code_ptr );
- // save function parameters to assembler code global variable
- memcpy( inject_param_ptr, param, param_size );
- _inject_function_param_s = REMOTE_ADDR( inject_param_ptr, local_code_ptr, remote_code_ptr );
- // write the assembler code into target process
- // now the values of global variable is in the target process space
- ptrace_writedata( target_pid, remote_code_ptr, local_code_ptr, 0x400 );
- memcpy( ®s, &original_regs, sizeof(regs) );
- // set sp and pc to the start address of assembler code
- regs.ARM_sp = (long)remote_code_ptr;
- regs.ARM_pc = (long)remote_code_ptr;
- // set registers for target process
- ptrace_setregs( target_pid, ®s );
- // make the target_pid is not a child process of cur process
- // and make target_pid continue to running
- ptrace_detach( target_pid );
- // now finish it successfully
- ret = 0;
- exit:
- return ret;
- }
5.2 attach目标进程ptrace_attach
- int ptrace_attach( pid_t pid )
- {
- // after PTRACE_ATTACH, the proc<pid> will stop
- if ( ptrace( PTRACE_ATTACH, pid, NULL, 0 ) < 0 )
- {
- perror( "ptrace_attach" );
- return -1;
- }
- // wait proc<pid> stop
- waitpid( pid, NULL, WUNTRACED );
- // after PTRACE_SYSCALL, the proc<pid> will continue,
- // but when exectue sys call function, proc<pid> will stop
- if ( ptrace( PTRACE_SYSCALL, pid, NULL, 0 ) < 0 )
- {
- perror( "ptrace_syscall" );
- return -1;
- }
- // wait proc<pid> stop
- waitpid( pid, NULL, WUNTRACED );
- return 0;
- }
5.3 获取目标进程寄存器值ptrace_getregs
- int ptrace_getregs( pid_t pid, struct pt_regs* regs )
- {
- if ( ptrace( PTRACE_GETREGS, pid, NULL, regs ) < 0 )
- {
- perror( "ptrace_getregs: Can not get register values" );
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
5.4 获取目标进程中指定模块中指定函数的地址get_remote_addr
- /* find the start address of module whose name is module_name
- * in the designated process
- */
- void* get_module_base( pid_t pid, const char* module_name )
- {
- FILE *fp;
- long addr = 0;
- char *pch;
- char filename[32];
- char line[1024];
- if ( pid < 0 )
- {
- /* self process */
- snprintf( filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/self/maps", pid );
- }
- else
- {
- snprintf( filename, sizeof(filename), "/proc/%d/maps", pid );
- }
- fp = fopen( filename, "r" );
- if ( fp != NULL )
- {
- while ( fgets( line, sizeof(line), fp ) )
- {
- if ( strstr( line, module_name ) )
- {
- pch = strtok( line, "-" );
- addr = strtoul( pch, NULL, 16 );
- if ( addr == 0x8000 )
- addr = 0;
- break;
- }
- }
- fclose( fp ) ;
- }
- return (void *)addr;
- }
- void* get_remote_addr( pid_t target_pid, const char* module_name, void* local_addr )
- {
- void* local_handle, *remote_handle;
- local_handle = get_module_base( -1, module_name );
- remote_handle = get_module_base( target_pid, module_name );
- return (void *)( (uint32_t)local_addr + (uint32_t)remote_handle - (uint32_t)local_handle );
- }
5.5 在目标进程中执行指定函数ptrace_call
- int ptrace_call( pid_t pid, uint32_t addr, long *params, uint32_t num_params, struct pt_regs* regs )
- {
- uint32_t i;
- // put the first 4 parameters into r0-r3
- for ( i = 0; i < num_params && i < 4; i ++ )
- {
- regs->uregs[i] = params[i];
- }
- // push remained params into stack
- if ( i < num_params )
- {
- regs->ARM_sp -= (num_params - i) * sizeof(long) ;
- ptrace_writedata( pid, (void *)regs->ARM_sp, (uint8_t *)¶ms[i], (num_params - i) * sizeof(long) );
- }
- // set the pc to func <e.g: mmap> that will be executed
- regs->ARM_pc = addr;
- if ( regs->ARM_pc & 1 )
- {
- /* thumb */
- regs->ARM_pc &= (~1u);
- regs->ARM_cpsr |= CPSR_T_MASK;
- }
- else
- {
- /* arm */
- regs->ARM_cpsr &= ~CPSR_T_MASK;
- }
- // when finish this func, pid will stop
- regs->ARM_lr = 0;
- // set the regsister and start to execute
- if ( ptrace_setregs( pid, regs ) == -1
- || ptrace_continue( pid ) == -1 )
- {
- return -1;
- }
- // wait pid finish work and stop
- waitpid( pid, NULL, WUNTRACED );
- return 0;
- }
5.6 把代码写入目标进程指定地址ptrace_writedata
- int ptrace_writedata( pid_t pid, uint8_t *dest, uint8_t *data, size_t size )
- {
- uint32_t i, j, remain;
- uint8_t *laddr;
- union u {
- long val;
- char chars[sizeof(long)];
- } d;
- j = size / 4;
- remain = size % 4;
- laddr = data;
- for ( i = 0; i < j; i ++ )
- {
- memcpy( d.chars, laddr, 4 );
- ptrace( PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, dest, d.val );
- dest += 4;
- laddr += 4;
- }
- if ( remain > 0 )
- {
- d.val = ptrace( PTRACE_PEEKTEXT, pid, dest, 0 );
- for ( i = 0; i < remain; i ++ )
- {
- d.chars[i] = *laddr ++;
- }
- ptrace( PTRACE_POKETEXT, pid, dest, d.val );
- }
- return 0;
- }
5.7 设置目标进程寄存器ptrace_setregs
- int ptrace_setregs( pid_t pid, struct pt_regs* regs )
- {
- if ( ptrace( PTRACE_SETREGS, pid, NULL, regs ) < 0 )
- {
- perror( "ptrace_setregs: Can not set register values" );
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
5.8 detach目标进程ptrace_detach
- int ptrace_detach( pid_t pid )
- {
- if ( ptrace( PTRACE_DETACH, pid, NULL, 0 ) < 0 )
- {
- perror( "ptrace_detach" );
- return -1;
- }
- return 0;
- }
6. 需要被加载的.so
需要被加载的.so例子程序如下,其目的是替换目标进程libapp.so中的strlen函数。其主要实现见hook_init。
- int g_isInit = 0;
- pthread_t g_hThread;
- __attribute__((visibility("default"))) void hook_init( char *args )
- {
- if( g_isInit == 1 )
- {
- printf("i am already in!");
- return;
- }
- void* soHandle = NULL;
- // the libapp.so is a .so of target process, and it call strcmp
- soHandle = dlopen( "libapp.so", RTLD_GLOBAL );
- if( soHandle != NULL )
- {
- g_realstrcmp = NULL;
- replaceFunc( soHandle, "strcmp", my_strcmp, (void**)&g_realstrcmp );
- int ret = pthread_create( &g_hThread, NULL, my_thread, NULL );
- if( ret != 0 )
- {
- printf("create thread error:%d", ret );
- }
- g_isInit = 1;
- }
- }
6.1 替换函数replaceFunc
- // replace function of libapp.so
- // e.g: replace strcmp of libapp.so with my_strcmp
- void replaceFunc(void *handle,const char *name, void* pNewFun, void** pOldFun )
- {
- if(!handle)
- return;
- soinfo *si = (soinfo*)handle;
- Elf32_Sym *symtab = si->symtab;
- const char *strtab = si->strtab;
- Elf32_Rel *rel = si->plt_rel;
- unsigned count = si->plt_rel_count;
- unsigned idx;
- // these external functions that are called by libapp.so
- // is in the plt_rel
- for(idx=0; idx<count; idx++)
- {
- unsigned type = ELF32_R_TYPE(rel->r_info);
- unsigned sym = ELF32_R_SYM(rel->r_info);
- unsigned reloc = (unsigned)(rel->r_offset + si->base);
- char *sym_name = (char *)(strtab + symtab[sym].st_name);
- if(strcmp(sym_name, name)==0)
- {
- *pOldFun = (void *)*((unsigned*)reloc);
- *((unsigned*)reloc)= pNewFun;
- break;
- }
- rel++;
- }
- }
6.2 新函数及其它函数
- // global function variable, save the address of strcmp of libapp.so
- int (*g_realstrcmp)(const char *s1, const char *s2);
- // my strcmp function
- int my_strcmp(const char *s1, const char *s2)
- {
- if( g_realstrcmp != NULL )
- {
- int nRet = g_realstrcmp( s1, s2 );
- printf("***%s: s1=%s, s2=%s\n",__FUNCTION__, s1, s2 );
- return nRet;
- }
- return -1;
- }
- // create a thread
- void* my_thread( void* pVoid )
- {
- int sock;
- sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0);
- if( sock < -1 )
- {
- printf("create socket failed!\n");
- return 0;
- }
- struct sockaddr_in addr_serv;
- int len;
- memset(&addr_serv, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
- addr_serv.sin_family = AF_INET;
- addr_serv.sin_port = htons(9999);
- addr_serv.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
- len = sizeof(addr_serv);
- int flags = fcntl( sock, F_GETFL, 0);
- fcntl( sock, F_SETFL, flags | O_NONBLOCK);
- int nPreState = -1;
- unsigned char data=http://www.mamicode.com/0;
- while( 1 )
- {
- data++;
- sendto( sock, &data, sizeof( data ), 0, (struct sockaddr *)&addr_serv, sizeof( addr_serv ) );
- usleep( 30000 );
- }
- }