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python-nmap使用及案例

nmap概念及功能

 

概念

NMap,也就是Network Mapper,最早是Linux下的网络扫描和嗅探工具包。

nmap是一个网络连接端扫描软件,用来扫描网上电脑开放的网络连接端。确定哪些服务运行在哪些连接端,并且推断计算机运行哪个操作系统(这是亦称 fingerprinting)。它是网络管理员必用的软件之一,以及用以评估网络系统安全。

正如大多数被用于网络安全的工具,nmap 也是不少黑客及骇客(又称脚本小子)爱用的工具 。系统管理员可以利用nmap来探测工作环境中未经批准使用的服务器,但是黑客会利用nmap来搜集目标电脑的网络设定,从而计划攻击的方法。

Nmap 常被跟评估系统漏洞软件Nessus 混为一谈。Nmap 以隐秘的手法,避开闯入检测系统的监视,并尽可能不影响目标系统的日常操作。

Nmap 在黑客帝国(The Matrix)中,连同SSH1的32位元循环冗余校验漏洞,被崔妮蒂用以入侵发电站的能源管理系统。

 

功能

基本功能有三个,一是探测一组主机是否在线;其次是扫描 主机端口,嗅探所提供的网络服务;还可以推断主机所用的操作系统 。Nmap可用于扫描仅有两个节点的LAN,直至500个节点以上的网络。Nmap 还允许用户定制扫描技巧。通常,一个简单的使用ICMP协议的ping操作可以满足一般需求;也可以深入探测UDP或者TCP端口,直至主机所 使用的操作系统;还可以将所有探测结果记录到各种格式的日志中, 供进一步分析操作。

进行ping扫描,打印出对扫描做出响应的主机,不做进一步测试(如端口扫描或者操作系统探测):

nmap -sP 192.168.1.0/24

仅列出指定网络上的每台主机,不发送任何报文到目标主机:

nmap -sL 192.168.1.0/24

探测目标主机开放的端口,可以指定一个以逗号分隔的端口列表(如-PS22,23,25,80):

nmap -PS 192.168.1.234

使用UDP ping探测主机:

nmap -PU 192.168.1.0/24

使用频率最高的扫描选项:SYN扫描,又称为半开放扫描,它不打开一个完全的TCP连接,执行得很快:

nmap -sS 192.168.1.0/24

 

nmap安装

本文以linux Ubuntu16.04为例,最后主要用python操作

1. 先安装nmap

sudo apt-get install nmap

2.再安装python-nmap

sudo pip install python-nmap

安装完之后python导入nmap测试验证是否成功

root@LiDebin:~# pythonPython 2.7.12 (default, Jul  1 2016, 15:12:24) [GCC 5.4.0 20160609] on linux2Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.>>> import nmap

 

python操作nmap

1.简单的小案例

创建PortScanner实例,然后扫描159.239.210.26这个IP的20-443端口。

import nmapnm = nmap.PortScanner()ret = nm.scan(115.239.210.26,20)print ret返回格式如下:{nmap: {scanstats: {uphosts: 1, timestr: Tue Oct 25 11:30:47 2016, downhosts: 0, totalhosts: 1, elapsed: 1.11}, scaninfo: {tcp: {services: 20, method: connect}}, command_line: nmap -oX - -p 20 -sV 115.239.210.26}, scan: {115.239.210.26: {status: {state: up, reason: syn-ack}, hostnames: [{type: ‘‘, name: ‘‘}], vendor: {}, addresses: {ipv4: 115.239.210.26}, tcp: {20: {product: ‘‘, state: filtered, version: ‘‘, name: ftp-data, conf: 3, extrainfo: ‘‘, 
reason: no-response, cpe: ‘‘}}}}}

 

2.内置方法:

还可以打印出简单的信息

import nmap  nm = nmap.PortScanner() print nm.scaninfo()# {u‘tcp‘: {‘services‘: u‘20-443‘, ‘method‘: u‘syn‘}}print nm.command_line() # u‘nmap -oX - -p 20-443 -sV 115.239.210.26‘ 

查看有多少个host

print nm.all_hosts()# [u‘115.239.210.26‘] 

查看该host的详细信息

nm[115.239.210.26]

查看该host包含的所有协议

nm[115.239.210.26].all_protocols() 

查看该host的哪些端口提供了tcp协议

nm[115.239.210.26][tcp]nm[115.239.210.26][tcp].keys() 

查看该端口是否提供了tcp协议

nm[115.239.210.26].has_tcp(21)

还可以像这样设置nmap执行的参数

nm.scan(hosts=192.168.1.0/24, arguments=-n -sP -PE -PA21,23,80,3389) 

更多操作请进官网http://xael.org/pages/python-nmap-en.html 

 

实验案例

检测内网机器端口

1.定义函数库mytools.py

#-*- coding:utf-8 -*- import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.header import Header def sendemail(sender,receiver,subject,content,smtpserver,smtpuser,smtppass):     msg = MIMEText(content,html,utf-8)#中文需参数‘utf-8‘,单字节字符不需要     msg[Subject] = Header(subject, utf-8)     msg[From] = <%s> % sender     msg[To] = ";".join(receiver)     try:         smtp = smtplib.SMTP()         smtp.connect(smtpserver)         smtp.login(smtpuser, smtppass)         smtp.sendmail(sender, receiver, msg.as_string())         smtp.quit()     except Exception,e:         print e

2. 实现端口扫描的程序,单线程版本nmscan.py

# !/usr/bin/python # -*- coding:utf-8 -*- import nmapimport reimport mytools as toolimport sysreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding(utf8)def nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist):    p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")    if type(hostlist) != list:        help()    portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)    if not portmatch:        help()    l = []    for host in hostlist:        result = ‘‘    nm = nmap.PortScanner()    tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)    result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s]  ......  %s</h2><hr>" % (    host, tmp[scan][host][hostname], tmp[scan][host][status][state])    try:        ports = tmp[scan][host][tcp].keys()    except KeyError, e:        if whitelist:            whitestr = ,.join(whitelist)            result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr        else:            result = result + "扫描结果正常,无暴漏端口"    for port in ports:        info = ‘‘        if port not in whitelist:            info = <strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;        else:            info = <strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;        portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>state</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (        info, port, tmp[scan][host][tcp][port][state],        tmp[scan][host][tcp][port][product])        result = result + portinfo    l.append([host, str(result)])    return ldef help():    print "Usage: nmScan([‘127.0.0.1‘,],‘0-65535‘)"if __name__ == "__main__":    hostlist = [10.10.10.10, 10.10.10.11]    portrange = 0-65535    whitelist = [80, 443]    l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)    sender = 75501664@qq.com    receiver = [zhangyanlin8851@163.com, 877986976@qq.com]    subject = 服务器端口扫描    smtpserver = smtp.exmail.qq.com    smtpuser = zhangyanlin8851@163.cn    smtppass = linuxidc163    mailcontent = ‘‘    for i in range(len(l)):        mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]    tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)

3.多线程版本

# !/usr/bin/python# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-import nmapimport reimport mytools as toolimport sysfrom multiprocessing import Poolfrom functools import partialreload(sys)sys.setdefaultencoding(utf8)def nmScan(host, portrange, whitelist):    p = re.compile("^(\d*)\-(\d*)$")    # if type(hostlist) != list:    #    help()    portmatch = re.match(p, portrange)    if not portmatch:        help()    if host == 121.42.32.172:        whitelist = [25, ]    result = ‘‘    nm = nmap.PortScanner()    tmp = nm.scan(host, portrange)    result = result + "<h2>ip地址:%s 主机名:[%s]  ......  %s</h2><hr>" % (    host, tmp[scan][host][hostname], tmp[scan][host][status][state])    try:        ports = tmp[scan][host][tcp].keys()        for port in ports:            info = ‘‘            if port not in whitelist:                info = <strong><font color=red>Alert:非预期端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;            else:                info = <strong><font color=green>Info:正常开放端口</font><strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;            portinfo = "%s <strong>port</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>state</strong> : %s &nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>product<strong/> : %s <br>" % (            info, port, tmp[scan][host][tcp][port][state], tmp[scan][host][tcp][port][product])            result = result + portinfo    except KeyError, e:        if whitelist:            whitestr = ,.join(whitelist)            result = result + "未扫到开放端口!请检查%s端口对应的服务状态" % whitestr        else:            result = result + "扫描结果正常,无暴漏端口"    return resultdef help():    print "Usage: nmScan([‘127.0.0.1‘,],‘0-65535‘)"    return Noneif __name__ == "__main__":    hostlist = [10.10.10.10, 10.10.10.11]    portrange = 0-65535    whitelist = [80, 443]    l = nmScan(hostlist, portrange, whitelist)    sender = 75501664@qq.com    receiver = [zhangyanlin8851@163.com, 877986976@qq.com]    subject = 服务器端口扫描    smtpserver = smtp.exmail.qq.com    smtpuser = zhangyanlin8851@163.cn    smtppass = linuxidc163    mailcontent = ‘‘    for i in range(len(l)):        mailcontent = mailcontent + l[i][1]    tool.sendemail(sender, receiver, subject, mailcontent, smtpserver, smtpuser, smtppass)

 

 

 

python-nmap使用及案例