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深究angularJS系列 - 第二弹
深究angularJS系列 - 第二弹,在初步了解了Angular的基础上,进一步的针对Angular的控制器和作用域问题深入探究O(∩_∩)O~~
Angular控制器
控制器(Controller)的理解
- 控制器是对view的抽象,用来接收view的事件,响应view的请求;
- 控制器包含view的静态属性和动态的方法;
- 控制器与view是一对一的关系。
控制器(Controller)的结构
1 .controller("控制器的名字",function($scoppe){
2 ......
3 })
说明:
1.控制器的命名:
业务名(view模块名)+Controller 见名之意,以登录(login)为例
1 .controller("loginController",function(类1,类2,...){
2 ......
3 })
2.Angular中的$:
$:Angular内部类的标识,可借此区分一个类是angular的内部类,还是自定的类 如:
1 $scope
2 $rootScope
3.Angular中类的声明:
Angular里面不能直接的类进行实例化调用,只能先声明后使用 如:
1 .controller("oneCtrl",function($scope){ //类先声明 2 $scope.msg = "helle controller!"; 3 }) 4 5 .controller("twoCtrl",function(){ //类没声明,会报错 6 var s = new $scope(); //直接的类进行实例化
7 $scope.msg = "helle controller!";
8 })
4.Angular中控制器与view是一对一的:
1 <body>
2 <div ng-controller="one">{{goods}}</div>
3 <div ng-controller="two">{{goods}}</div>
4 <script>
5 (function(){
6 var son = angular.module("one",[]);
7 son.controller("oneCtrl",function($scope){
8 $scope.goods="one goods"
9 });
10 var grandson = angular.module("two",[]);
11 grandson.controller("twoCtrl",function($scope){
12 $scope.goods="two goods"
13 });
14 })()
15 </script>
5.Angular中控制器的继承关系:
当Controller之间出现嵌套关系的时候,内层继承外层的变量 如:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>控制器之间的继承</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="well" ng-controller="oneCtrl">
11 {{msg}}
12 <div class="well" ng-controller="twoCtrl">
13 {{msg}}
14 <div class="well" ng-controller="threeCtrl">
15 {{msg}}
16 </div>
17 </div>
18 </div>
19 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
20 <script>
21 (function(){
22 angular.module("demo",[])
23 //当我们的html元素出现嵌套关系的时候,内层继承外层的变量
24 .controller("oneCtrl",function($scope){
25 $scope.msg = "helle one!"
26
27 })
28 .controller("twoCtrl",function($scope){
29 // $scope.msg = "helle two!"
30 })
31 .controller("threeCtrl",function($scope){
32 // $scope.msg = "helle three!"
33 })
34 })()
35 </script>
36 </body>
37 </html>
结果如下:
6.Angular中的注入器($injector)两种注入方式:
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>demo</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div ng-controller="one">{{msg}}</div>
11 <div ng-controller="two">{{msg}}</div>
12 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
13 <script>
14 (function(){
15 angular.module("demo",[])
16 //第一种直接声明注入(有缺陷,在gulp,webpack打包时,会把function(a)的参数压缩掉,导致声明失败)
17 .controller("one",function($scope,$rootScope){
18 //$injector
19 $scope.msg = "hi";
20 })
21 //第二种经常采用以下写法
22 .controller("two",["$scope","$rootScope",function($s,$rs){
23 $s.msg = "hello";
24 }])
25 })()
26 </script>
27 </body>
28 </html>
7.Angular中的run()方法:
run是Angular中的main方法,是 Angular 的入口方法
特点:run只会在angular生命周期内,只会调用一次
用于Angular中的条件判断,比如登录时的用户名和密码,只会调用一次存入localstorage,判断是否允许登录
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>demo</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
11 <script>
12 (function(){
13 angular.module("demo",[])
14 //整个程序级别
15 .run(function(){
16 console.log("hello run");
17 //条件的判断 localstorage
18 window.localStorage.setItem("ng","haha");
19 })
20 })()
21 </script>
22 </body>
23 </html>
Angular作用域
$rootScope类:
- $rootScope是一个angular的内部类
- $rootScope是用于根的模块的数据缓存
- $rootScope用于解决Controller之间的数据共享问题
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>$rootScope</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="well" ng-controller="oneCtrl">
11 {{msg}} {{txt}}
12 <div class="well" ng-controller="twoCtrl">
13 {{msg}}{{txt}}
14 <div class="well" ng-controller="threeCtrl">
15 {{msg}}{{txt}}
16 </div>
17 </div>
18 </div>
19 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
20 <script>
21 (function(){
22 angular.module("demo",[])
23 .controller("oneCtrl",function($scope,$rootScope){
24 $scope.msg = "helle one!";
25
26 })
27 .controller("twoCtrl",function($scope){
28 // $scope.msg = "helle two!"
29 })
30 .controller("threeCtrl",function($scope,$rootScope){
31 // $scope.msg = "helle three!"
32 $rootScope.txt = "hello root";
33 })
34 })()
35 </script>
36 </body>
37 </html>
效果如下:
$scope类
- $scope是用于绑定view的抽象(属性和方法)
- $scope是连接controller与view之间的数据桥梁
- $scope是实现angular中的mvvm模块的核心类
- $scope是实现双向数据绑定的关键类
- $scope是用来监视view,Model值之间的数据变化,并通知对方,从而实现view与model之间的数据同步
- $scope可以实现controller与controller之间的事件传递 js事件冒泡 事件捕获
1.作用域
如案例:$rootScope,$scope,var msg2 = "hello2"的不同作用域
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>demo</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body >
10 <div ng-controller="one">
11 {{msg}}
12 {{msg2}}
13 {{txt}}
14 </div>
15 <div ng-controller="tow">
16 {{msg}}
17 {{txt}}
18 </div>
19 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
20 <script>
21 (function(){
22 angular.module("demo",[])
23 .controller("one",function($scope,$rootScope){
24 $scope.msg = "hello";
25 var msg2 = "hello2";
26 $rootScope.txt = "hello3"
27 })
28 .controller("tow",function($scope){
29
30 })
31 })()
32 </script>
33 </body>
34 </html>
效果如下:
2.$scope事件数据传递
- $scope.$emit是向上一级控制器发送事件 冒泡
- $scope.$broadcast 向下传递事件 捕获
- $scope.$on用来接收事件的值
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>demo</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body>
10 <div class="well" ng-controller="one">
11 {{msg}}
12 <div class="well" ng-controller="two">
13
14 <a class="btn btn-danger" ng-click="sendEvent()">sendEvent</a>
15 <div class="well" ng-controller="three">
16 {{msg}}
17 </div>
18 </div>
19 </div>
20 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
21 <script>
22 (function(){
23 angular.module("demo",[])
24 .controller("one",["$scope",function(s){
25 s.$on("sendOne",function(event,data){
26 s.msg = data;
27 });
28 }])
29 .controller("two",["$scope",function(s){
30 s.sendEvent = function(){
31 s.$emit("sendOne","a gift from two ");
32 s.$broadcast("sendThree","a command from two");
33 }
34 }])
35 .controller("three",["$scope",function(s){
36 s.$on("sendThree",function(event,data){
37 s.msg = data;
38 });
39 }])
40 })()
41 </script>
42 </body>
43 </html>
效果如下:
3.AngularJS在什么情况下才执行双向绑定?
- 手动触发dirty checking -> $scope.$appply()
- 主动触发(ng-指令绑定值 $服务类)/被动
dirty checking 绑定的值与上一次缓存中的值有没有变化,如果有变化,数据dirty,怎么才能知道绑定的值发生了变化呢?
当我们在$scope上面绑定一个属性的时候,angular就会在这个属性上添加一个$$watcher(): 多长时间后缓存一次数据。
$watcher会执行值的比较。当这次比较的值不相等的时候,表示watcher的值,需要进行数据同步
data $digest $watherlist date ->$wathe()->把model-view之间的数据进行更新同步
1 <!DOCTYPE html>
2 <html lang="en" ng-app="demo">
3 <head>
4 <meta charset="UTF-8">
5 <title>demo</title>
6 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1.0,user-scalable=no">
7 <link rel="stylesheet" href="../bootstrap.css">
8 </head>
9 <body ng-controller="one">
10 <input type="text" ng-model="txt"> {{txt}}
11 {{date}}
12 <script src="../angular.js"></script>
13 <script>
14 (function(){
15 angular.module("demo",[])
16 .controller("one",function($scope,$interval){
17 $scope.date = new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
18 //$interval(触发dirtychecking) == setInterval
19 $interval(function(){
20 $scope.date = new Date().toLocaleTimeString()
21 },1000);
22 })
23 })()
24 </script>
25 </body>
26 </html>
效果如下:
敬请留言指正补充交流!
(未完待续~~)
深究angularJS系列 - 第二弹