Binary Tree Inorder Traversal

Given a binary tree, return the inorder traversal of its nodes‘ values.

For example:
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3},

   1
         2
    /
   3

return [1,3,2].

Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?

分析：求二叉树的中序遍历，采用递归的方法的话非常简单，如果非递归的话，就需要用栈来保存上层结点，开始向左走一直走到最左叶子结点，然后将此值输出，从队列中弹出，如果右子树不为空则压入该弹出结点的右孩子，再重复上面往左走的步骤直到栈为空即可。

class Solution {
public:
    vector<int> inorderTraversal(TreeNode *root) {
        vector<int> result;
        if(!root){
            return result;
        }
        TreeNode* tempNode = root;
        stack<TreeNode*> nodeStack;
        while(tempNode){
            nodeStack.push(tempNode);
            tempNode = tempNode->left;
        }
        while(!nodeStack.empty()){
            tempNode = nodeStack.top();
            nodeStack.pop();
            result.push_back(tempNode->val);
            if(tempNode->right){
                nodeStack.push(tempNode->right);
                tempNode = tempNode->right;
                while(tempNode->left){
                    nodeStack.push(tempNode->left);
                    tempNode = tempNode->left;
                }
            }
        }
        return result;
    }
};

2、Restore IP Addresses 

Given a string containing only digits, restore it by returning all possible valid IP address combinations.

For example:
Given "25525511135",

return ["255.255.11.135", "255.255.111.35"]. (Order does not matter)

分析：此题跟我之前遇到的一个判断字符串是否是ip地址有点类似，http://blog.csdn.net/kuaile123/article/details/21600189，采用动态规划的方法，参数num表示字符串表示为第几段，如果num==4则表示最后一段，直接判断字符串是否有效，并保存结果即可，如果不是则点依次加在第0个、第1个....后面，继续递归判断后面的串。

如下：

class Solution {
public:
    vector<string> restoreIpAddresses(string s) {
        vector<string> result;
        int len = s.length();
        if(len < 4 || len > 12){
            return result;
        }
        dfs(s,1,"",result);
        return result;
    }
    void dfs(string s, int num, string ip, vector<string>& result){
        int len = s.length();
        if(num == 4 && isValidNumber(s)){
            ip += s;
            result.push_back(ip);
            return;
        }else if(num <= 3 && num >= 1){
            for(int i=0; i<len-4+num && i<3; ++i){
                string sub = s.substr(0,i+1);
                if(isValidNumber(sub)){
                    dfs(s.substr(i+1),num+1,ip+sub+".",result);
                }
            }
        }
    }
    bool isValidNumber(string s){
        int len = s.length();
        int num = 0;
        for(int i=0; i<len; ++i){
            if(s[i] >= '0' && s[i] <= '9'){
                num = num*10 +s[i]-'0';
            }else{
                return false;
            }
        }
        if(num>255){
            return false;
        }else{
            //非零串首位不为0的判断
            int size = 1;
            while(num = num/10){
                ++size;
            }
            if(size == len){ 
                return true;
            }else{
                return false;
            }
        }
    }
};