首页 > 代码库 > Trail: JDBC(TM) Database Access1
Trail: JDBC(TM) Database Access1
package com.oracle.tutorial.jdbc;
import java.sql.BatchUpdateException;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.PreparedStatement;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Savepoint;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
public class CoffeesTable {
private String dbName;
private Connection con;
private String dbms;
public CoffeesTable(Connection connArg, String dbNameArg, String dbmsArg) {
super();
this.con = connArg;
this.dbName = dbNameArg;
this.dbms = dbmsArg;
}
public void createTable() throws SQLException {
String createString =
"create table COFFEES " + "(COF_NAME varchar(32) NOT NULL, " +
"SUP_ID int NOT NULL, " + "PRICE numeric(10,2) NOT NULL, " +
"SALES integer NOT NULL, " + "TOTAL integer NOT NULL, " +
"PRIMARY KEY (COF_NAME), " +
"FOREIGN KEY (SUP_ID) REFERENCES SUPPLIERS (SUP_ID))";
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate(createString);
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
}
public void populateTable() throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " +
"values('Colombian', 00101, 7.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " +
"values('French_Roast', 00049, 8.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " +
"values('Espresso', 00150, 9.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " +
"values('Colombian_Decaf', 00101, 8.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.executeUpdate("insert into COFFEES " +
"values('French_Roast_Decaf', 00049, 9.99, 0, 0)");
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
}
public void updateCoffeeSales(HashMap<String, Integer> salesForWeek) throws SQLException {
PreparedStatement updateSales = null;
PreparedStatement updateTotal = null;
String updateString =
"update COFFEES " + "set SALES = ? where COF_NAME = ?";
String updateStatement =
"update COFFEES " + "set TOTAL = TOTAL + ? where COF_NAME = ?";//?是预留的参数位置,字串类型也不用单引号
try {
con.setAutoCommit(false);//一个简单事务的演示
updateSales = con.prepareStatement(updateString);//预编译语句相当于java端的存储过程
updateTotal = con.prepareStatement(updateStatement);
for (Map.Entry<String, Integer> e : salesForWeek.entrySet()) {
updateSales.setInt(1, e.getValue().intValue());
updateSales.setString(2, e.getKey());//可设置参数,clearParameters可以清空所有参数
updateSales.executeUpdate();
updateTotal.setInt(1, e.getValue().intValue());
updateTotal.setString(2, e.getKey());
updateTotal.executeUpdate();//预编译语句提交后返回值为0有两种可能:更新了0行,或者是DDL
con.commit();//提交此事务
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
if (con != null) {
try {
System.err.print("Transaction is being rolled back");
con.rollback();
} catch (SQLException excep) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(excep);
}
}
} finally {
if (updateSales != null) { updateSales.close(); }
if (updateTotal != null) { updateTotal.close(); }
con.setAutoCommit(true);
}
}
public void modifyPrices(float percentage) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt =
con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
//TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE可以双向移动,而且底层修改会反映到结果集
//CONCUR_UPDATABLE是说结果集可更新
ResultSet uprs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM COFFEES");
while (uprs.next()) {
float f = uprs.getFloat("PRICE");
uprs.updateFloat("PRICE", f * percentage);//可以更改某列
uprs.updateRow();//然后直接更新此行到数据库
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
}
public void modifyPricesByPercentage(String coffeeName, float priceModifier,
float maximumPrice) throws SQLException {
con.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement getPrice = null;
Statement updatePrice = null;
ResultSet rs = null;
String query =
"SELECT COF_NAME, PRICE FROM COFFEES " + "WHERE COF_NAME = '" +
coffeeName + "'";
try {
Savepoint save1 = con.setSavepoint();//设置一个回滚点
getPrice =
con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_READ_ONLY);//TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE可以双向移动,但数据库底层的修改不会反应上来
updatePrice = con.createStatement();
if (!getPrice.execute(query)) {
System.out.println("Could not find entry for coffee named " +
coffeeName);
} else {
rs = getPrice.getResultSet();
rs.first();//移动到第一行
float oldPrice = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
float newPrice = oldPrice + (oldPrice * priceModifier);
System.out.println("Old price of " + coffeeName + " is " + oldPrice);
System.out.println("New price of " + coffeeName + " is " + newPrice);
System.out.println("Performing update...");
updatePrice.executeUpdate("UPDATE COFFEES SET PRICE = " + newPrice +
" WHERE COF_NAME = '" + coffeeName + "'");
System.out.println("\nCOFFEES table after update:");
CoffeesTable.viewTable(con);
if (newPrice > maximumPrice) {
System.out.println("\nThe new price, " + newPrice +
", is greater than the maximum " + "price, " +
maximumPrice +
". Rolling back the transaction...");
con.rollback(save1);//回滚到某个点,自动让后面的回滚点失效
System.out.println("\nCOFFEES table after rollback:");
CoffeesTable.viewTable(con);
}
con.commit();//提交或完全回滚时,所有回滚点自动失效,也可以提前手动Connection.releaseSavepoint(save1)
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (getPrice != null) { getPrice.close(); }
if (updatePrice != null) { updatePrice.close(); }
con.setAutoCommit(true);
}
}
public void insertRow(String coffeeName, int supplierID, float price,
int sales, int total) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt =
con.createStatement(ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE, ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
//TYPE_SCROLL_SENSITIVE是默认值,光标只能向前移动,
//CONCUR_READ_ONLY也是默认值,结果集不能更新数据到底层
ResultSet uprs = stmt.executeQuery("SELECT * FROM COFFEES");
uprs.moveToInsertRow();//可以再结果集中插入新行,可更新的结果集会多一个空间,来存放新插入的行
uprs.updateString("COF_NAME", coffeeName);
uprs.updateInt("SUP_ID", supplierID);
uprs.updateFloat("PRICE", price);
uprs.updateInt("SALES", sales);
uprs.updateInt("TOTAL", total);//先设置每一列
uprs.insertRow();//再插入此行到数据库,但之后必须移动光标,不要再指向这个插入行
uprs.beforeFirst();//移动到初始位置,第一行之前,但CONCUR_READ_ONLY下只能调用next(),别的移动都不行
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
}
public void batchUpdate() throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
this.con.setAutoCommit(false);//一个批更新语句的演示,推荐放在一个事务里,关闭自动提交也有利于异常的捕获
stmt = this.con.createStatement();
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO COFFEES " +
"VALUES('Amaretto', 49, 9.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO COFFEES " +
"VALUES('Hazelnut', 49, 9.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO COFFEES " +
"VALUES('Amaretto_decaf', 49, 10.99, 0, 0)");
stmt.addBatch("INSERT INTO COFFEES " +
"VALUES('Hazelnut_decaf', 49, 10.99, 0, 0)");
int[] updateCounts = stmt.executeBatch();//提交后会自动清空所有语句,也可以手动clearBatch()
this.con.commit();
} catch (BatchUpdateException b) {//要先捕获这个批异常
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printBatchUpdateException(b);
} catch (SQLException ex) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(ex);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
this.con.setAutoCommit(true);//不要忘了恢复
}
}
public static void viewTable(Connection con) throws SQLException {//一个最简单的示例
Statement stmt = null;
String query = "select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES";
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();//简单语句
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {//遍历结果集,结果集指针初始位置是第一行之前,要调用.next()才能使用
String coffeeName = rs.getString("COF_NAME");
int supplierID = rs.getInt("SUP_ID");
float price = rs.getFloat("PRICE");
int sales = rs.getInt("SALES");
int total = rs.getInt("TOTAL");
System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + supplierID + ", " + price +
", " + sales + ", " + total);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }//关闭语句对象
}
}
public static void alternateViewTable(Connection con) throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
String query = "select COF_NAME, SUP_ID, PRICE, SALES, TOTAL from COFFEES";
try(Statement stmt = con.createStatement()) {//JDK7新功能,在try后的括号里声明的资源会保证关闭,不用写finally
stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
String coffeeName = rs.getString(1);
int supplierID = rs.getInt(2);
float price = rs.getFloat(3);
int sales = rs.getInt(4);
int total = rs.getInt(5);
System.out.println(coffeeName + ", " + supplierID + ", " + price +
", " + sales + ", " + total);
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
}//无需finally
}
public Set<String> getKeys() throws SQLException {
HashSet<String> keys = new HashSet<String>();
Statement stmt = null;
String query = "select COF_NAME from COFFEES";
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(query);
while (rs.next()) {
keys.add(rs.getString(1));
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
return keys;
}
public void dropTable() throws SQLException {
Statement stmt = null;
try {
stmt = con.createStatement();
if (this.dbms.equals("mysql")) {
stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE IF EXISTS COFFEES");
} else if (this.dbms.equals("derby")) {
stmt.executeUpdate("DROP TABLE COFFEES");
}
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
if (stmt != null) { stmt.close(); }
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities myJDBCTutorialUtilities;
Connection myConnection = null;
if (args[0] == null) {
System.err.println("Properties file not specified at command line");
return;
} else {
try {
myJDBCTutorialUtilities = new JDBCTutorialUtilities(args[0]);
} catch (Exception e) {
System.err.println("Problem reading properties file " + args[0]);
e.printStackTrace();
return;
}
}
try {
myConnection = myJDBCTutorialUtilities.getConnection();
// Java DB does not have an SQL create database command; it does require createDatabase
// JDBCTutorialUtilities.createDatabase(myConnection,
// myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
// myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);
//
// JDBCTutorialUtilities.initializeTables(myConnection,
// myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
// myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);
CoffeesTable myCoffeeTable =
new CoffeesTable(myConnection, myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbName,
myJDBCTutorialUtilities.dbms);
System.out.println("\nContents of COFFEES table:");
CoffeesTable.viewTable(myConnection);
System.out.println("\nRaising coffee prices by 25%");
myCoffeeTable.modifyPrices(1.25f);
System.out.println("\nInserting a new row:");
myCoffeeTable.insertRow("Kona", 150, 10.99f, 0, 0);
CoffeesTable.viewTable(myConnection);
System.out.println("\nUpdating sales of coffee per week:");
HashMap<String, Integer> salesCoffeeWeek =
new HashMap<String, Integer>();
salesCoffeeWeek.put("Colombian", 175);
salesCoffeeWeek.put("French_Roast", 150);
salesCoffeeWeek.put("Espresso", 60);
salesCoffeeWeek.put("Colombian_Decaf", 155);
salesCoffeeWeek.put("French_Roast_Decaf", 90);
myCoffeeTable.updateCoffeeSales(salesCoffeeWeek);
CoffeesTable.viewTable(myConnection);
System.out.println("\nModifying prices by percentage");
myCoffeeTable.modifyPricesByPercentage("Colombian", 0.10f, 9.00f);
System.out.println("\nCOFFEES table after modifying prices by percentage:");
myCoffeeTable.viewTable(myConnection);
System.out.println("\nPerforming batch updates; adding new coffees");
myCoffeeTable.batchUpdate();
myCoffeeTable.viewTable(myConnection);
// System.out.println("\nDropping Coffee and Suplliers table:");
//
// myCoffeeTable.dropTable();
// mySuppliersTable.dropTable();
} catch (SQLException e) {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.printSQLException(e);
} finally {
JDBCTutorialUtilities.closeConnection(myConnection);
}
}
}
工具类:
package com.oracle.tutorial.jdbc;
import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;
import java.util.Properties;
import java.util.*;
import java.io.*;
import java.sql.BatchUpdateException;
import java.sql.DatabaseMetaData;
import java.sql.RowIdLifetime;
import java.sql.SQLWarning;
import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerException;
import javax.xml.transform.TransformerFactory;
import javax.xml.transform.dom.DOMSource;
import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;
import org.w3c.dom.Document;
public class JDBCTutorialUtilities {
public String dbms;
public String jarFile;
public String dbName;
public String userName;
public String password;
public String urlString;
private String driver;
private String serverName;
private int portNumber;
private Properties prop;
public static void initializeTables(Connection con, String dbNameArg, String dbmsArg) throws SQLException {
SuppliersTable mySuppliersTable =
new SuppliersTable(con, dbNameArg, dbmsArg);
CoffeesTable myCoffeeTable =
new CoffeesTable(con, dbNameArg, dbmsArg);
RSSFeedsTable myRSSFeedsTable =
new RSSFeedsTable(con, dbNameArg, dbmsArg);
ProductInformationTable myPIT =
new ProductInformationTable(con, dbNameArg, dbmsArg);
System.out.println("\nDropping exisiting PRODUCT_INFORMATION, COFFEES and SUPPLIERS tables");
myPIT.dropTable();
myRSSFeedsTable.dropTable();
myCoffeeTable.dropTable();
mySuppliersTable.dropTable();
System.out.println("\nCreating and populating SUPPLIERS table...");
System.out.println("\nCreating SUPPLIERS table");
mySuppliersTable.createTable();
System.out.println("\nPopulating SUPPLIERS table");
mySuppliersTable.populateTable();
System.out.println("\nCreating and populating COFFEES table...");
System.out.println("\nCreating COFFEES table");
myCoffeeTable.createTable();
System.out.println("\nPopulating COFFEES table");
myCoffeeTable.populateTable();
System.out.println("\nCreating RSS_FEEDS table...");
myRSSFeedsTable.createTable();
}
public static void rowIdLifetime(Connection conn) throws SQLException {
DatabaseMetaData dbMetaData = http://www.mamicode.com/conn.getMetaData();>
SQL出错的演示:
SQLState: 42Y55
Error Code: 30000
Message: ‘DROP TABLE‘ cannot be performed on
‘TESTDB.COFFEES‘ because it does not exist.
con.setAutoCommit(false);
PreparedStatement pstmt = con.prepareStatement(//用预编译语句也可以写批更新,只是语句是一定的,每次参数可换
"INSERT INTO COFFEES VALUES( " +
"?, ?, ?, ?, ?)");
pstmt.setString(1, "Amaretto");
pstmt.setInt(2, 49);
pstmt.setFloat(3, 9.99);
pstmt.setInt(4, 0);
pstmt.setInt(5, 0);
pstmt.addBatch();
pstmt.setString(1, "Hazelnut");
pstmt.setInt(2, 49);
pstmt.setFloat(3, 9.99);
pstmt.setInt(4, 0);
pstmt.setInt(5, 0);
pstmt.addBatch();
// ... and so on for each new
// type of coffee
int [] updateCounts = pstmt.executeBatch();
con.commit();
con.setAutoCommit(true);
execute: 用于返回多个 ResultSet 的情况. 反复调用 Statement.getResultSet来得到每个结果集
rs.getString可以用于任何类型,得到的是java的String对象
关于DataSource,连接池,分布事务(略)
声明：以上内容来自用户投稿及互联网公开渠道收集整理发布，本网站不拥有所有权，未作人工编辑处理，也不承担相关法律责任，若内容有误或涉及侵权可进行投诉： 投诉/举报 工作人员会在5个工作日内联系你，一经查实，本站将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。