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节点操作

js中DOM操作占了极大的部分,对于节点的操作主要有节点插入,节点移除,节点复制,还有一些innerHTML,innerText,outerHTML相关的东西。

节点的插入

原生的DOM接口非常简单,参数确定,方法调用方便。jQuery对这些原生接口进行利用,组装出了一些列更为犀利的方法,append、prepend、before、after、replace等。而且因为这几个方法是用频率实在频繁,于是W3C在DOM4中决定原生支持它们。在jQuery中的原生代码如下:

append: function() {    return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {        if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {            var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );            target.appendChild( elem );        }    });},prepend: function() {    return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {        if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {            var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );            target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );        }    });},before: function() {    return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {        if ( this.parentNode ) {            this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );        }    });},after: function() {    return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {        if ( this.parentNode ) {            this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );        }    });},replaceWith: function() {    var arg = arguments[ 0 ];    // Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content    this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {        arg = this.parentNode;        jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) );        if ( arg ) {            arg.replaceChild( elem, this );        }    });    // Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments)    return arg && (arg.length || arg.nodeType) ? this : this.remove();},domManip: function( args, callback ) {    // Flatten any nested arrays    args = concat.apply( [], args );    var first, node, hasScripts,        scripts, doc, fragment,        i = 0,        l = this.length,        set = this,        iNoClone = l - 1,        value = args[0],        isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );    // We can‘t cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit    if ( isFunction ||            ( l > 1 && typeof value =http://www.mamicode.com/=="string" &&                !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {        return this.each(function( index ) {            var self = set.eq( index );            if ( isFunction ) {                args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );            }            self.domManip( args, callback );        });    }    if ( l ) {        fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, this );        first = fragment.firstChild;        if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {            fragment = first;        }        if ( first ) {            scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );            hasScripts = scripts.length;            // Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up            // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).            for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {                node = fragment;                if ( i !== iNoClone ) {                    node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );                    // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration                    if ( hasScripts ) {                        jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );                    }                }                callback.call( this[i], node, i );            }            if ( hasScripts ) {                doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;                // Reenable scripts                jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );                // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion                for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {                    node = scripts[ i ];                    if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&                        !jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {                        if ( node.src ) {                            // Optional AJAX dependency, but won‘t run scripts if not present                            if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) {                                jQuery._evalUrl( node.src );                            }                        } else {                            jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) );                        }                    }                }            }            // Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory            fragment = first = null;        }    }    return this;}
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jQuery.each({    appendTo: "append",    prependTo: "prepend",    insertBefore: "before",    insertAfter: "after",    replaceAll: "replaceWith"}, function( name, original ) {    jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {        var elems,            i = 0,            ret = [],            insert = jQuery( selector ),            last = insert.length - 1;        for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {            elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true);            jQuery( insert[i] )[ original ]( elems );            // Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get()            push.apply( ret, elems.get() );        }        return this.pushStack( ret );    };});
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基本的思想基本上都是相似的,接口只是一个空心的壳而已,只是提供了一个便于记忆的名字,具体的实现还是转到内部更为复杂的函数中去了。

还有,在自己写框架的时候,对于节点的操作,特别是节点添加的形式,要注意一个要点,NodeList是实时更新的,对于插入操作,会引起NodeList立刻更新,这时就要注意不要进入死循环了。

window.onload = function(){    var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName(‘div‘);    for(var i = 0; i < divs.length, i++){        var ele = document.createElement(‘div‘);        ele.appendChild(document.createTextNode(‘New Link!‘));        divs.appendChild(ele);    }}

还有一个点是关于节点复制方面的,这个在下面就会讲到。

节点的复制

在IE下对节点的复制,有一些奇怪的问题,其中著名的就是 IE 会自动复制在节点上添加的事件,同时IE6~IE8会复制通过node.aa = ‘xx‘ 形式添加的属性,而标准浏览器只会复制标签内的属性和通过setAttribute设置的属性

<a id=‘aa‘ title = ‘title‘ href = http://www.mamicode.com/‘#‘>try</a>window.onload = function(){    var node = document.getElementById(‘aa‘);    node.expando.key = 1;    node.setAttribute(‘attr‘,‘attr‘);    var clone = node.cloneNode(false);    alert(clone.id); //aa    alert(clone.getAttribute(‘title‘)); //‘title‘    alert(clone.getAttribute(‘attr‘)); //‘attr‘    node.expando.key = 2;    alert(clone.expando.key);  //IE 2 其它 undefined}

如果仅仅是这样,开发者还是比较容易解决以上问题的,但是IE中还会出现少复制现象,对于此,只能一步步进行处理了(from mass):

    function fixNode(clone, src) {        if(src.nodeType == 1) {            //只处理元素节点            var nodeName = clone.nodeName.toLowerCase();            //clearAttributes方法可以清除元素的所有属性值,如style样式,或者class属性,与attachEvent绑定上去的事件            clone.clearAttributes();            //复制原对象的属性到克隆体中,但不包含原来的事件, ID,  NAME, uniqueNumber            clone.mergeAttributes(src, false);            //IE6-8无法复制其内部的元素            if(nodeName === "object") {                clone.outerHTML = src.outerHTML;            } else if(nodeName === "input" && (src.type === "checkbox" || src.type == "radio")) {                //IE6-8无法复制chechbox的值,在IE6-7中也defaultChecked属性也遗漏了                if(src.checked) {                    clone.defaultChecked = clone.checked = src.checked;                }                // 除Chrome外,所有浏览器都会给没有value的checkbox一个默认的value值”on”。                if(clone.value !== src.value) {                    clone.value = src.value;                }            } else if(nodeName === "option") {                clone.selected = src.defaultSelected; // IE6-8 无法保持选中状态            } else if(nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea") {                clone.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; // IE6-8 无法保持默认值            } else if(nodeName === "script" && clone.text !== src.text) {                clone.text = src.text; //IE6-8不能复制script的text属性            }        }    }

jQuery:

    clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {        dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;        deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;        return this.map(function() {            return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );        });    }

这段这是一个处理参数的空壳,具体还是再jQuery.clone中:

clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {    var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements,        inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );    if ( support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test( "<" + elem.nodeName + ">" ) ) {        clone = elem.cloneNode( true );    // IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes    } else {        fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML;        fragmentDiv.removeChild( clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild );    }    if ( (!support.noCloneEvent || !support.noCloneChecked) &&            (elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) ) {        // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2        destElements = getAll( clone );        srcElements = getAll( elem );        // Fix all IE cloning issues        for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i ) {            // Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587            if ( destElements[i] ) {                fixCloneNodeIssues( node, destElements[i] );            }        }    }    // Copy the events from the original to the clone    if ( dataAndEvents ) {        if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {            srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );            destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );            for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++ ) {                cloneCopyEvent( node, destElements[i] );            }        } else {            cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );        }    }    // Preserve script evaluation history    destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );    if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {        setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );    }    destElements = srcElements = node = null;    // Return the cloned set    return clone;}
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可以看到,jQuery.clone中在不能保证cloneNode正常的情况下,用了outerHTML来操作,然后拷贝事件,属性。整体代码很臃肿,但是这也是必须的。现在能做的就是等到用户放弃IE6了。

节点的移除

节点的移除在IE6~7中就要涉及内存泄露这类的问题了。在浏览器中,移除节点主要有removeNode,removeChild,deleteContents。removeNode是IE中的方法,移除目标节点,保留子节点,参数为true时同removeChild。removeChild在IE6~7中有内存泄露问题。deleteContents则是偏门API。

首先是为啥IE6~7中会内存泄露。IE6~7中有个叫做超空间的概念。从文档中移除的节点(有Javascript关联)并不会消失掉,而是跑到了一个叫做超空间的地方。可以用parentNode来判断是否存在超空间。

window.onload = function(){    var div = document.createElement(‘div‘);    alert(div.parentNode); //null    document.body.appendChild(div);    document.body.removeChild(div);    alert(div.parentNode); //IE6~8 object 其它 null}

我们来看下EXT是怎么做的:

removeNode : isIE ? function(){         var d;         return function(n){              if(n && n.tagName != ‘BODY‘){                   d = d || DOC.createElement(‘div‘);                   d.appendChild(n);                   d.innerHTML = ‘‘;              }         }      }() : function(n){          if(n && n.parentNode && n.tagName != ‘BODY‘){               n.parentNode.removeChild(n);          }      }  

在这里,我们可以发现,它使用了innerHTML来进行移除。innerHTML在IE低版本中进行移除,会导致直接清空内部内容,只剩空壳。相比于IE对内存管理的失败,这个正是我们寻找的方法!

 

先写到这,晚上要毕业季谢师宴,估计要被灌酒灌倒死了,于是大清早爬起来把这篇博客写完了,希望晚上我还能活着回来。。。。。。