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节点操作
js中DOM操作占了极大的部分,对于节点的操作主要有节点插入,节点移除,节点复制,还有一些innerHTML,innerText,outerHTML相关的东西。
节点的插入
原生的DOM接口非常简单,参数确定,方法调用方便。jQuery对这些原生接口进行利用,组装出了一些列更为犀利的方法,append、prepend、before、after、replace等。而且因为这几个方法是用频率实在频繁,于是W3C在DOM4中决定原生支持它们。在jQuery中的原生代码如下:
append: function() { return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); target.appendChild( elem ); } });},prepend: function() { return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) { var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem ); target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild ); } });},before: function() { return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { if ( this.parentNode ) { this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this ); } });},after: function() { return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { if ( this.parentNode ) { this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling ); } });},replaceWith: function() { var arg = arguments[ 0 ]; // Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) { arg = this.parentNode; jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) ); if ( arg ) { arg.replaceChild( elem, this ); } }); // Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments) return arg && (arg.length || arg.nodeType) ? this : this.remove();},domManip: function( args, callback ) { // Flatten any nested arrays args = concat.apply( [], args ); var first, node, hasScripts, scripts, doc, fragment, i = 0, l = this.length, set = this, iNoClone = l - 1, value = args[0], isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value ); // We can‘t cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit if ( isFunction || ( l > 1 && typeof value =http://www.mamicode.com/=="string" && !support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) { return this.each(function( index ) { var self = set.eq( index ); if ( isFunction ) { args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() ); } self.domManip( args, callback ); }); } if ( l ) { fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, this ); first = fragment.firstChild; if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) { fragment = first; } if ( first ) { scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript ); hasScripts = scripts.length; // Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up // being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070). for ( ; i < l; i++ ) { node = fragment; if ( i !== iNoClone ) { node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true ); // Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration if ( hasScripts ) { jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) ); } } callback.call( this[i], node, i ); } if ( hasScripts ) { doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument; // Reenable scripts jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript ); // Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) { node = scripts[ i ]; if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) && !jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) { if ( node.src ) { // Optional AJAX dependency, but won‘t run scripts if not present if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) { jQuery._evalUrl( node.src ); } } else { jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) ); } } } } // Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory fragment = first = null; } } return this;}
jQuery.each({ appendTo: "append", prependTo: "prepend", insertBefore: "before", insertAfter: "after", replaceAll: "replaceWith"}, function( name, original ) { jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) { var elems, i = 0, ret = [], insert = jQuery( selector ), last = insert.length - 1; for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) { elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true); jQuery( insert[i] )[ original ]( elems ); // Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get() push.apply( ret, elems.get() ); } return this.pushStack( ret ); };});
基本的思想基本上都是相似的,接口只是一个空心的壳而已,只是提供了一个便于记忆的名字,具体的实现还是转到内部更为复杂的函数中去了。
还有,在自己写框架的时候,对于节点的操作,特别是节点添加的形式,要注意一个要点,NodeList是实时更新的,对于插入操作,会引起NodeList立刻更新,这时就要注意不要进入死循环了。
window.onload = function(){ var divs = document.body.getElementsByTagName(‘div‘); for(var i = 0; i < divs.length, i++){ var ele = document.createElement(‘div‘); ele.appendChild(document.createTextNode(‘New Link!‘)); divs.appendChild(ele); }}
还有一个点是关于节点复制方面的,这个在下面就会讲到。
节点的复制
在IE下对节点的复制,有一些奇怪的问题,其中著名的就是 IE 会自动复制在节点上添加的事件,同时IE6~IE8会复制通过node.aa = ‘xx‘ 形式添加的属性,而标准浏览器只会复制标签内的属性和通过setAttribute设置的属性
<a id=‘aa‘ title = ‘title‘ href = http://www.mamicode.com/‘#‘>try</a>window.onload = function(){ var node = document.getElementById(‘aa‘); node.expando.key = 1; node.setAttribute(‘attr‘,‘attr‘); var clone = node.cloneNode(false); alert(clone.id); //aa alert(clone.getAttribute(‘title‘)); //‘title‘ alert(clone.getAttribute(‘attr‘)); //‘attr‘ node.expando.key = 2; alert(clone.expando.key); //IE 2 其它 undefined}
如果仅仅是这样,开发者还是比较容易解决以上问题的,但是IE中还会出现少复制现象,对于此,只能一步步进行处理了(from mass):
function fixNode(clone, src) { if(src.nodeType == 1) { //只处理元素节点 var nodeName = clone.nodeName.toLowerCase(); //clearAttributes方法可以清除元素的所有属性值,如style样式,或者class属性,与attachEvent绑定上去的事件 clone.clearAttributes(); //复制原对象的属性到克隆体中,但不包含原来的事件, ID, NAME, uniqueNumber clone.mergeAttributes(src, false); //IE6-8无法复制其内部的元素 if(nodeName === "object") { clone.outerHTML = src.outerHTML; } else if(nodeName === "input" && (src.type === "checkbox" || src.type == "radio")) { //IE6-8无法复制chechbox的值,在IE6-7中也defaultChecked属性也遗漏了 if(src.checked) { clone.defaultChecked = clone.checked = src.checked; } // 除Chrome外,所有浏览器都会给没有value的checkbox一个默认的value值”on”。 if(clone.value !== src.value) { clone.value = src.value; } } else if(nodeName === "option") { clone.selected = src.defaultSelected; // IE6-8 无法保持选中状态 } else if(nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea") { clone.defaultValue = src.defaultValue; // IE6-8 无法保持默认值 } else if(nodeName === "script" && clone.text !== src.text) { clone.text = src.text; //IE6-8不能复制script的text属性 } } }
jQuery:
clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents; deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents; return this.map(function() { return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ); }); }
这段这是一个处理参数的空壳,具体还是再jQuery.clone中:
clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) { var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements, inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ); if ( support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test( "<" + elem.nodeName + ">" ) ) { clone = elem.cloneNode( true ); // IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes } else { fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML; fragmentDiv.removeChild( clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild ); } if ( (!support.noCloneEvent || !support.noCloneChecked) && (elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) ) { // We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2 destElements = getAll( clone ); srcElements = getAll( elem ); // Fix all IE cloning issues for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i ) { // Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587 if ( destElements[i] ) { fixCloneNodeIssues( node, destElements[i] ); } } } // Copy the events from the original to the clone if ( dataAndEvents ) { if ( deepDataAndEvents ) { srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem ); destElements = destElements || getAll( clone ); for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++ ) { cloneCopyEvent( node, destElements[i] ); } } else { cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone ); } } // Preserve script evaluation history destElements = getAll( clone, "script" ); if ( destElements.length > 0 ) { setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) ); } destElements = srcElements = node = null; // Return the cloned set return clone;}
可以看到,jQuery.clone中在不能保证cloneNode正常的情况下,用了outerHTML来操作,然后拷贝事件,属性。整体代码很臃肿,但是这也是必须的。现在能做的就是等到用户放弃IE6了。
节点的移除
节点的移除在IE6~7中就要涉及内存泄露这类的问题了。在浏览器中,移除节点主要有removeNode,removeChild,deleteContents。removeNode是IE中的方法,移除目标节点,保留子节点,参数为true时同removeChild。removeChild在IE6~7中有内存泄露问题。deleteContents则是偏门API。
首先是为啥IE6~7中会内存泄露。IE6~7中有个叫做超空间的概念。从文档中移除的节点(有Javascript关联)并不会消失掉,而是跑到了一个叫做超空间的地方。可以用parentNode来判断是否存在超空间。
window.onload = function(){ var div = document.createElement(‘div‘); alert(div.parentNode); //null document.body.appendChild(div); document.body.removeChild(div); alert(div.parentNode); //IE6~8 object 其它 null}
我们来看下EXT是怎么做的:
removeNode : isIE ? function(){ var d; return function(n){ if(n && n.tagName != ‘BODY‘){ d = d || DOC.createElement(‘div‘); d.appendChild(n); d.innerHTML = ‘‘; } } }() : function(n){ if(n && n.parentNode && n.tagName != ‘BODY‘){ n.parentNode.removeChild(n); } }
在这里,我们可以发现,它使用了innerHTML来进行移除。innerHTML在IE低版本中进行移除,会导致直接清空内部内容,只剩空壳。相比于IE对内存管理的失败,这个正是我们寻找的方法!
先写到这,晚上要毕业季谢师宴,估计要被灌酒灌倒死了,于是大清早爬起来把这篇博客写完了,希望晚上我还能活着回来。。。。。。