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UI: 概述, 启动屏幕, 屏幕方向

UI 设计概述

  • 启动屏幕(闪屏)
  • 屏幕方向



示例
1、UI 设计概述
UI/Summary.xaml

<Page    x:Class="Windows10.UI.Summary"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI"    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"    mc:Ignorable="d">    <Grid Background="Transparent">        <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10">            <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" TextWrapping="Wrap" Margin="0 10 10 10">                <Run>1、UWP - Universal Windows Platform</Run>                <LineBreak />                <Run>2、设计 UWP 应用时,要以有效像素(effective pixels)进行设计,而不是以物理像素(physical pixels)进行设计。因为系统会根据设备的像素密度和观看距离自动缩放</Run>                <LineBreak />                <Run>3、有效分辨率 - 以有效像素为单位的分辨率;物理分辨率 - 以物理像素为单位的分辨率</Run>                <LineBreak />                <Run>4、对于有效分辨率的理解可以参考 ios 的逻辑分辨率的概念,比如 iPhone 4s 的物理分辨率为 960 * 640,其逻辑分辨率为 480 * 320(设计时按照此分辨率设计)</Run>                <LineBreak />                <Run>5、有效分辨率和物理分辨率之间的比例是如何决定的呢?由系统根据设备的像素密度和观看距离来决定比例</Run>                <LineBreak />                <Run>6、当系统缩放 UI 时,会按 4 的倍数(multiples of 4, 从字面上理解不一定是整倍数)进行缩放。若要确保缩放后保持清晰的外观,请将你的设计贴靠到 4*4 像素网格,使 UI 元素的边距、大小和位置为 4 个有效像素的倍数</Run>            </TextBlock>        </StackPanel>    </Grid></Page>

 
2、启动屏幕(闪屏)
UI/MySplashScreen.xaml

<Page    x:Class="Windows10.UI.MySplashScreen"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI"    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"    mc:Ignorable="d">    <!--        var color = (Color)this.Resources["SystemAccentColor"];    -->    <Grid Name="grid" Background="{ThemeResource SystemAccentColor}">        <Image x:Name="splashImage" Source="/Assets/SplashScreen.png" HorizontalAlignment="Center" />        <StackPanel Orientation="Vertical" HorizontalAlignment="Center" VerticalAlignment="Bottom" Margin="0 0 0 20">            <ProgressRing IsActive="True" Foreground="White" />            <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Text="我是自定义启动页,1 秒后跳转到主页" Margin="0 10 0 0" />        </StackPanel>    </Grid></Page>

UI/MySplashScreen.xaml.cs

/* * 演示如何自定义启动屏幕(闪屏) *  * 说明及应用场景: * 1、在 Package.appxmanifest 中可以设置 app 的启动屏幕,例如: <uap:SplashScreen Image="Assets\SplashScreen.png" BackgroundColor="#ff0000" />,其就是一个显示在窗口中间的图片(620 * 300)以及一个全窗口背景色 * 2、在 app 的启动屏幕过后,可以显示一个自定义启动屏幕 * 3、在自定义启动屏幕显示时,可以做一些程序的初始化工作,初始化完成后再进入主程序 */using System;using System.Threading.Tasks;using Windows.ApplicationModel.Activation;using Windows.Foundation;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;namespace Windows10{    using Windows10.UI;    public partial class App    {        // partial method,实现了 App.xaml.cs 中的声明        partial void OnLaunched_SplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args)        {            // 启动后显示自定义启动屏幕            if (args.PreviousExecutionState != ApplicationExecutionState.Running)            {                MySplashScreen mySplashScreen = new MySplashScreen(args);                Window.Current.Content = mySplashScreen;            }        }    }}namespace Windows10.UI{    public sealed partial class MySplashScreen : Page    {        /*         * SplashScreen - app 的启动屏幕对象,在 Application 中的若干事件处理器中的事件参数中均可获得         *     ImageLocation - app 的启动屏幕的图片的位置信息,返回 Rect 类型对象         *     Dismissed - app 的启动屏幕关闭时所触发的事件         */        // app 启动屏幕的相关信息        private SplashScreen _splashScreen;        public MySplashScreen()        {            this.InitializeComponent();            lblMsg.Text = "自定义 app 的启动屏幕,打开 app 时可看到此页面的演示";        }        public MySplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args)        {            this.InitializeComponent();                        ImplementCustomSplashScreen(args);        }        private async void ImplementCustomSplashScreen(LaunchActivatedEventArgs args)        {            // 窗口尺寸发生改变时,重新调整自定义启动屏幕            Window.Current.SizeChanged += Current_SizeChanged;            // 获取 app 的启动屏幕的相关信息            _splashScreen = args.SplashScreen;            // app 的启动屏幕关闭时所触发的事件            _splashScreen.Dismissed += _splashScreen_Dismissed;            // 获取 app 启动屏幕的图片的位置,并按此位置调整自定义启动屏幕的图片的位置            Rect splashImageRect = _splashScreen.ImageLocation;            splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, splashImageRect.X);            splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, splashImageRect.Y);            splashImage.Height = splashImageRect.Height;            splashImage.Width = splashImageRect.Width;            await Task.Delay(1000);            // 关掉自定义启动屏幕,跳转到程序主页面            var rootFrame = new Frame();            rootFrame.Navigate(typeof(MainPage), args);            Window.Current.Content = rootFrame;            Window.Current.Activate();        }        void Current_SizeChanged(object sender, Windows.UI.Core.WindowSizeChangedEventArgs e)        {            // 获取 app 启动屏幕的图片的最新位置,并按此位置调整自定义启动屏幕的图片的位置            Rect splashImageRect = _splashScreen.ImageLocation;            splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.LeftProperty, splashImageRect.X);            splashImage.SetValue(Canvas.TopProperty, splashImageRect.Y);            splashImage.Height = splashImageRect.Height;            splashImage.Width = splashImageRect.Width;        }        private void _splashScreen_Dismissed(SplashScreen sender, object args)        {            // app 的启动屏幕关闭了        }    }}


3、屏幕方向
UI/ScreenOrientation.xaml

<Page    x:Class="Windows10.UI.ScreenOrientation"    xmlns="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml/presentation"    xmlns:x="http://schemas.microsoft.com/winfx/2006/xaml"    xmlns:local="using:Windows10.UI"    xmlns:d="http://schemas.microsoft.com/expression/blend/2008"    xmlns:mc="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/markup-compatibility/2006"    mc:Ignorable="d">    <Grid Background="Transparent">        <StackPanel Margin="10 0 10 10">            <ToggleButton Name="btnLock" Content="锁定当前方向" IsChecked="False" Checked="btnLock_Checked" Unchecked="btnLock_Unchecked" />            <TextBlock Name="lblMsg" Margin="0 10 0 0" />        </StackPanel>    </Grid></Page>

UI/ScreenOrientation.xaml.cs

/* * 演示“屏幕方向”相关知识点 */using System;using Windows.Graphics.Display;using Windows.UI.Xaml;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Controls;using Windows.UI.Xaml.Navigation;namespace Windows10.UI{    public sealed partial class ScreenOrientation : Page    {        public ScreenOrientation()        {            this.InitializeComponent();        }        protected override void OnNavigatedTo(NavigationEventArgs e)        {            // 使用设备时的推荐方向,一般而言就是当“windows”键在下方时,设备的方向。手机一般是 Portrait,平板一般是 Landscape            lblMsg.Text = "NativeOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().NativeOrientation.ToString();            lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;            // 设备的方向(Windows.Graphics.Display.DisplayOrientations 枚举:None, Landscape, Portrait, LandscapeFlipped, PortraitFlipped)            // 注:LandscapeFlipped 是 Landscape 翻转了 180 度,PortraitFlipped 是 Portrait 翻转了 180 度            // 注:Landscape 顺时针转(右转) 90 度是 Portrait,再顺时针转(右转) 90 度是 LandscapeFlipped            lblMsg.Text += "CurrentOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation.ToString();            // NativeOrientation 或 CurrentOrientation 发生变化时触发的事件(NativeOrientation 一般是不会变的)            DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().OrientationChanged += ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged;        }        private void ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged(DisplayInformation sender, object args)        {            lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;            lblMsg.Text += "NativeOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().NativeOrientation.ToString();            lblMsg.Text += Environment.NewLine;            lblMsg.Text += "CurrentOrientation: " + DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation.ToString();        }        protected override void OnNavigatedFrom(NavigationEventArgs e)        {            DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().OrientationChanged -= ScreenOrientation_OrientationChanged;        }        private void btnLock_Checked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            /* 在 Package.appxmanifest 中可以配置 app 的允许方向,类似如下(如果不配置就是允许任何方向)               <uap:InitialRotationPreference>                   <uap:Rotation Preference="portrait" />                   <uap:Rotation Preference="landscape" />                   <uap:Rotation Preference="portraitFlipped" />                   <uap:Rotation Preference="landscapeFlipped" />               <uap:InitialRotationPreference>            */            // DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences - 指定当前 app 的首选方向,即强制通过指定的方向显示(必须是在 Package.appxmanifest 配置的允许方向之一)            DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences = DisplayInformation.GetForCurrentView().CurrentOrientation;            btnLock.Content = "解除方向锁定";        }        private void btnLock_Unchecked(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)        {            DisplayInformation.AutoRotationPreferences = DisplayOrientations.None;            btnLock.Content = "锁定当前方向";        }    }}

UI: 概述, 启动屏幕, 屏幕方向