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生成图形验证码
介绍生成两种类型的图形验证码: 1.普通的随机字符串; 2.随机运算表达式
图形验证码类:
/// <summary> /// 图形验证码类 /// </summary> public class PicCaptcha { #region Constructed Methods /// <summary> /// 默认构造方法 /// </summary> public PicCaptcha() { } /// <summary> ///构造方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="cpatchaType">验证码类型</param> public PicCaptcha(CaptchaType cpatchaType) { this.CaptchaType = cpatchaType; } /// <summary> /// 构造方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="captchaType">验证码类型</param> /// <param name="width">图形宽度</param> /// <param name="height">图形高度</param> public PicCaptcha(CaptchaType captchaType, int width, int height) : this(captchaType) { this.Width = width; this.Height = height; } /// <summary> /// 构造方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="captchaType">验证码类型</param> /// <param name="width">图形宽度</param> /// <param name="height">图形高度</param> /// <param name="fontSize">字体大小</param> public PicCaptcha(CaptchaType captchaType, int width, int height, int fontSize) : this(captchaType, width, height) { this.FontSize = fontSize; } #endregion #region Fields private int _width = 80; //default width private int _height = 25; //default height private int _fontSize = 16; //default fontSize private CaptchaType _captchaType = CaptchaType.RandomType; //default captchaType #endregion #region Properties /// <summary> /// 验证码图形宽度 /// </summary> public int Width { get { return _width; } set { _width = value; } } /// <summary> /// 验证码图形高度 /// </summary> public int Height { get { return _height; } set { _height = value; } } /// <summary> /// 验证码字体大小 /// </summary> public int FontSize { get { return _fontSize; } set { _fontSize = value; } } /// <summary> /// 验证码类型 /// </summary> public CaptchaType CaptchaType { get { return _captchaType; } set { _captchaType = value; } } #endregion #region Public Methods /// <summary> /// 获取生成的验证码图片 /// </summary> /// <param name="matchCode">与验证码图片相匹配的内容,一般将该内容保存至session中,用于校验</param> /// <returns>验证码图片</returns> public Bitmap GetCaptchaPic(out string matchCode) { matchCode = null; string captchaContent = null; switch (_captchaType) //需要生成的验证码类型 { case CaptchaType.RandomString: { string randomStr = CreateCheckCodeString(4); captchaContent = randomStr; matchCode = randomStr; break; } case CaptchaType.RandomOperationExpression: { string[] codes = CreateOperateCheckCode(); captchaContent = codes[0]; matchCode = codes[1]; break; } case CaptchaType.RandomType: { RandomSelectCreateMethod(out captchaContent, out matchCode); break; } default: throw new Exception("unknow CaptchaType!"); } return GenerateCaptchaPic(captchaContent); //生成验证码图片 } #endregion #region Private Methods /// <summary> /// 生成验证码图片 /// </summary> /// <param name="captchaContent">验证码内容</param> /// <returns>图片</returns> private Bitmap GenerateCaptchaPic(string captchaContent) { var font = new Font("Arial", _fontSize, FontStyle.Bold);//验证码字体 var brush = new SolidBrush(Color.Black);//用于写验证码的画笔 var crosswise = new Pen(Color.Green, 0);//画横向干扰线的钢笔 var vertical = new Pen(Color.FromArgb(255, 100, 100, 100), 0);//画纵向干扰线的钢笔 var image = new Bitmap(_width, _height);//生成图像 using (Graphics g = Graphics.FromImage(image)) //生成一个绘画面板(画布) { g.Clear(ColorTranslator.FromHtml("#f0f0f0"));//用指定颜色填充画布 RectangleF rect = new RectangleF(5, 2, _width, _height);//定义文字的绘制矩形 Random rand = new Random((int)DateTime.Now.Ticks);//生成干扰线的随机对象 for (int i = 1; i <= 4; i++) //干扰线 { Point start = new Point(0, rand.Next(_height)); Point end = new Point(_width, rand.Next(_height)); g.DrawLine(crosswise, start, end); } for (int i = 1; i <= 5; i++) //干扰线 { Point start = new Point(rand.Next(_width), 0); Point end = new Point(rand.Next(_width), _height); g.DrawLine(vertical, start, end); } g.DrawString(captchaContent, font, brush, rect);//将验证码写到画布上 } return image; } /// <summary> /// 随机选择生成验证码的方法 /// </summary> /// <param name="captchaContent">验证码图片显示的内容</param> /// <param name="matchCode">与验证码图片匹配的内容</param> private void RandomSelectCreateMethod(out string captchaContent, out string matchCode) { captchaContent = ""; matchCode = ""; int currSeconds = DateTime.Now.Second; if (currSeconds % 2 == 0) { captchaContent = matchCode = CreateCheckCodeString(4); } else { string[] codes = CreateOperateCheckCode(); captchaContent = codes[0]; matchCode = codes[1]; } return; } /// <summary> /// 生成len位随机字符串 /// </summary> /// <param name="len">随机字符串长度</param> /// <returns>len位随机字符串</returns> private string CreateCheckCodeString(int len) { //定义用于验证码的字符数组 char[] checkCodeArray ={ ‘1‘,‘2‘,‘3‘,‘4‘,‘5‘,‘6‘,‘7‘,‘8‘,‘9‘,‘A‘,‘B‘,‘C‘, ‘D‘,‘E‘,‘F‘,‘G‘,‘H‘,‘I‘,‘J‘,‘K‘,‘L‘,‘M‘,‘N‘,‘P‘,‘Q‘,‘R‘,‘S‘,‘T‘,‘U‘,‘V‘,‘W‘, ‘X‘,‘Y‘,‘Z‘}; //定义验证码字符串 string randomcode = ""; Random rd = new Random(); //生成4位验证码字符串 for (int i = 1; i <= len; i++) randomcode += checkCodeArray[rd.Next(checkCodeArray.Length)]; return randomcode; } /// <summary> /// 生成随机的运算表达式 1+1=?,2 /// </summary> /// <returns>codes[0]: 表达式; codes[1]: 运算结果</returns> private string[] CreateOperateCheckCode() { string[] codes = new string[2] { "", "" }; string[] operators = new string[] { "+", "-" }; int result = 0; Random random = new Random(); int num1 = random.Next(10); // [0,19) int num2 = random.Next(10); string oper = operators[random.Next(operators.Length)]; switch (oper) { case "+": { result = num1 + num2; break; } case "-": { result = num1 - num2; break; } default: throw new Exception("operators error"); } codes[0] = string.Format("{0}{1}{2}=?", num1, oper, num2); codes[1] = result.ToString(); return codes; } #endregion } /// <summary> /// 生成的验证码类型 /// </summary> public enum CaptchaType { /// <summary> /// 随机类型, 在所有支持的验证码类型中,随机选择一种 /// </summary> RandomType, /// <summary> /// 普通的随机字符串,如: jH9Y, 12H8 /// </summary> RandomString, /// <summary> /// 随机运算表达式, 如: 1+2=?, 5加2=?, 4-2=? /// </summary> RandomOperationExpression, }
一般处理程序(.ashx)示例:
/// <summary> /// 生成图形验证码 /// </summary> public class CreateCode : IHttpHandler, IRequiresSessionState { private static readonly string CodeSessionName = "Code_Session_Name"; public void ProcessRequest(HttpContext context) { string checkCodeSession = string.Empty; var captChaPic = new PicCaptcha(); using (var image = captChaPic.GetCaptchaPic(out checkCodeSession)) //获取验证码图片 using (var ms = new MemoryStream()) { context.Session.Add(CodeSessionName, checkCodeSession); //验证码校验内容保存到sessioin中 image.Save(ms, System.Drawing.Imaging.ImageFormat.Gif); context.Response.ClearContent(); context.Response.ContentType = "image/Gif"; context.Response.BinaryWrite(ms.ToArray()); } return; } public bool IsReusable { get { return false; } } }
生成图形验证码
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