首页 > 代码库 > 解剖Nginx·模块开发篇(5)解读内置非默认模块 ngx_http_stub_status_module
解剖Nginx·模块开发篇(5)解读内置非默认模块 ngx_http_stub_status_module
1 Background
ngx_http_stub_status_module 是一个 Nginx 的内置 HTTP 模块,该模块可以提供 Nginx 的状态信息。默认情况下这个模块是不被编译进来的,所以在编译 Nginx 时要指定加载该模块:
--with-http_stub_status_module
当然了,如果你是重新编译,仅仅-s reload
是不够的,可能需要用到平滑升级:《高性能Web服务器Nginx的配置与部署研究(14)平滑升级你的Nginx》。
为什么拿它做例子?因为它也是个足够短小精悍的模块,是一个典型 handler 模块。那么以后我们讲解模块的过程,都是:
- 简要的介绍
- 使用的实例
- 指令介绍
- 源码分析
- 先上源码
- 分析
2 Simple example
location /nginx_status { # copied from http://blog.kovyrin.net/2006/04/29/monitoring-nginx-with-rrdtool/ stub_status on; access_log off; allow SOME.IP.ADD.RESS; deny all;}
我们假设你是在本机上实验,并且开启的是 80 端口,那么在浏览器中输入:
http://localhost/nginx_status
会看到这样的信息:
Active connections: 291server accepts handled requests 16630948 16630948 31070465Reading: 6 Writing: 179 Waiting: 106
其含义很容易理解:
- 第一行
- 当前的活跃连接数:291
- 第二行
- 服务器已接受的连接数:16630948(accepted connection #)
- 服务器已处理的连接数:16630948(handled connection #)
- 服务器已处理的请求:31070465(可以算出,平均每个连接有 1.8 个请求)(handled connection #)
- 第三行
- Reading – Nginx 读取的请求头次数为 6;
- Writting – Nginx 读取请求体、处理请求并发送响应给客户端的次数为 179;
- Waiting – 当前活动的长连接数:106。
Nginx 官方的解释如下:
active connections
– number of all open connectionsserver accepts handled requests
– nginx accepted 16630948 connections, handled 16630948 connections (no one was closed just it was accepted), and handles 31070465 requests (1.8 requests per connection)reading
– nginx reads request headerwriting
– nginx reads request body, processes request, or writes response to a clientwaiting
– keep-alive connections, actually it is active - (reading + writing)
3 Directives
这个模块中的唯一一个指令,是:
stub_status
- 语法:
stub_status on
- 作用域:location
- 功能:统计这个 location 的信息。
4 Source analysis
先看完整代码:
/* * Copyright (C) Igor Sysoev * Copyright (C) Nginx, Inc. */#include <ngx_config.h>#include <ngx_core.h>#include <ngx_http.h>static char *ngx_http_set_status(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf);static ngx_command_t ngx_http_status_commands[] = { { ngx_string("stub_status"), NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF|NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG, ngx_http_set_status, 0, 0, NULL }, ngx_null_command};static ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_stub_status_module_ctx = { NULL, /* preconfiguration */ NULL, /* postconfiguration */ NULL, /* create main configuration */ NULL, /* init main configuration */ NULL, /* create server configuration */ NULL, /* merge server configuration */ NULL, /* create location configuration */ NULL /* merge location configuration */};ngx_module_t ngx_http_stub_status_module = { NGX_MODULE_V1, &ngx_http_stub_status_module_ctx, /* module context */ ngx_http_status_commands, /* module directives */ NGX_HTTP_MODULE, /* module type */ NULL, /* init master */ NULL, /* init module */ NULL, /* init process */ NULL, /* init thread */ NULL, /* exit thread */ NULL, /* exit process */ NULL, /* exit master */ NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING};static ngx_int_t ngx_http_status_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r){ size_t size; ngx_int_t rc; ngx_buf_t *b; ngx_chain_t out; ngx_atomic_int_t ap, hn, ac, rq, rd, wr; if (r->method != NGX_HTTP_GET && r->method != NGX_HTTP_HEAD) { return NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED; } rc = ngx_http_discard_request_body(r); if (rc != NGX_OK) { return rc; } ngx_str_set(&r->headers_out.content_type, "text/plain"); if (r->method == NGX_HTTP_HEAD) { r->headers_out.status = NGX_HTTP_OK; rc = ngx_http_send_header(r); if (rc == NGX_ERROR || rc > NGX_OK || r->header_only) { return rc; } } size = sizeof("Active connections: \n") + NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN + sizeof("server accepts handled requests\n") - 1 + 6 + 3 * NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN + sizeof("Reading: Writing: Waiting: \n") + 3 * NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN; b = ngx_create_temp_buf(r->pool, size); if (b == NULL) { return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; } out.buf = b; out.next = NULL; ap = *ngx_stat_accepted; hn = *ngx_stat_handled; ac = *ngx_stat_active; rq = *ngx_stat_requests; rd = *ngx_stat_reading; wr = *ngx_stat_writing; b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, "Active connections: %uA \n", ac); b->last = ngx_cpymem(b->last, "server accepts handled requests\n", sizeof("server accepts handled requests\n") - 1); b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, " %uA %uA %uA \n", ap, hn, rq); b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, "Reading: %uA Writing: %uA Waiting: %uA \n", rd, wr, ac - (rd + wr)); r->headers_out.status = NGX_HTTP_OK; r->headers_out.content_length_n = b->last - b->pos; b->last_buf = 1; rc = ngx_http_send_header(r); if (rc == NGX_ERROR || rc > NGX_OK || r->header_only) { return rc; } return ngx_http_output_filter(r, &out);}static char *ngx_http_set_status(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf){ ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf; clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); clcf->handler = ngx_http_status_handler; return NGX_CONF_OK;}
的确够短小精悍吧?关键在于 Nginx 提供的模块扩展方式比较好,让你可以少写一些代码(NDK 可以让你写的更少,这是后话)。
4.1 模块定义 ngx_http_stub_status_module
ngx_module_t ngx_http_stub_status_module = { NGX_MODULE_V1, &ngx_http_stub_status_module_ctx, /* module context */ ngx_http_status_commands, /* module directives */ NGX_HTTP_MODULE, /* module type */ NULL, /* init master */ NULL, /* init module */ NULL, /* init process */ NULL, /* init thread */ NULL, /* exit thread */ NULL, /* exit process */ NULL, /* exit master */ NGX_MODULE_V1_PADDING};
与此前介绍的 ngx_http_hello_world_module 并无本质区别。
4.2 命令集定义 ngx_http_status_commands
static ngx_command_t ngx_http_status_commands[] = { { ngx_string("stub_status"), NGX_HTTP_SRV_CONF|NGX_HTTP_LOC_CONF|NGX_CONF_FLAG, ngx_http_set_status, 0, 0, NULL }, ngx_null_command};
命令集定义如上,得到如下信息:
- name:stub_status
- type:server conf、location conf、conf flag,其中最后一个比较陌生,相似的取值有:
#define NGX_CONF_ARGS_NUMBER 0x000000ff
#define NGX_CONF_BLOCK 0x00000100
#define NGX_CONF_FLAG 0x00000200
#define NGX_CONF_ANY 0x00000400
#define NGX_CONF_1MORE 0x00000800
#define NGX_CONF_2MORE 0x00001000
#define NGX_CONF_MULTI 0x00002000
- set:ngx_http_set_status
下面解释下一些 types:
4.2.1 NGX_CONF_XXX
以下宏定义来自 ngx_conf_file.h:
#define NGX_CONF_NOARGS 0x00000001 // 命令不接受参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE1 0x00000002 // 命令携带1个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE2 0x00000004 // 命令携带2个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE3 0x00000008 // 命令携带3个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE4 0x00000010 // 命令携带4个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE5 0x00000020 // 命令携带5个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE6 0x00000040 // 命令携带6个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE7 0x00000080 // 命令携带7个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE12 (NGX_CONF_TAKE1|NGX_CONF_TAKE2) // 命令携带1个或2个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE13 (NGX_CONF_TAKE1|NGX_CONF_TAKE3) // 命令携带1个或3个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE23 (NGX_CONF_TAKE2|NGX_CONF_TAKE3) // 命令携带2个或3个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE123 (NGX_CONF_TAKE1|NGX_CONF_TAKE2|NGX_CONF_TAKE3) // 命令携带1个、2个或3个参数#define NGX_CONF_TAKE1234 (NGX_CONF_TAKE1|NGX_CONF_TAKE2|NGX_CONF_TAKE3|NGX_CONF_TAKE4) // 命令携带1个、2个、3个或4个参数#define NGX_CONF_ARGS_NUMBER 0x000000ff // 命令#define NGX_CONF_BLOCK 0x00000100 // 块域,后面跟 {…},比如 server {...}#define NGX_CONF_FLAG 0x00000200 // 命令接受“on|off”参数#define NGX_CONF_ANY 0x00000400#define NGX_CONF_1MORE 0x00000800 // 命令携带至少1个参数#define NGX_CONF_2MORE 0x00001000 // 命令携带至少2个参数#define NGX_CONF_MULTI 0x00002000 // 命令携带多个参数
4.3 上下文定义 ngx_http_stub_status_module_ctx
static ngx_http_module_t ngx_http_stub_status_module_ctx = { NULL, /* preconfiguration */ NULL, /* postconfiguration */ NULL, /* create main configuration */ NULL, /* init main configuration */ NULL, /* create server configuration */ NULL, /* merge server configuration */ NULL, /* create location configuration */ NULL /* merge location configuration */};
这个都是 NULL,够简单,无话可说了??
4.4 命令设置函数 ngx_http_set_status
static char *ngx_http_set_status(ngx_conf_t *cf, ngx_command_t *cmd, void *conf) { ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t *clcf; clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); clcf->handler = ngx_http_status_handler; return NGX_CONF_OK;}
和 ngx_http_hello_world_module 对比下:
static char* ngx_http_hello_world(ngx_conf_t* cf, ngx_command_t* cmd, void* conf) { ngx_http_core_loc_conf_t* clcf; clcf = ngx_http_conf_get_module_loc_conf(cf, ngx_http_core_module); clcf->handler = ngx_http_hello_world_handler; ngx_conf_set_str_slot(cf, cmd, conf); return NGX_CONF_OK;}
唯一的区别,就是 ngx_http_hello_world_module 多了一句 ngx_conf_set_str_slot。这个先留做一个问题,后面会介绍,暂时与关键主题无关。
4.5 命令处理函数 ngx_http_status_handler
static ngx_int_t ngx_http_status_handler(ngx_http_request_t *r){ size_t size; ngx_int_t rc; ngx_buf_t *b; ngx_chain_t out; ngx_atomic_int_t ap, hn, ac, rq, rd, wr;
这个模块要求接受的请求类是 GET、HEAD,其他类型的请求会被拒绝。
if (r->method != NGX_HTTP_GET && r->method != NGX_HTTP_HEAD) { return NGX_HTTP_NOT_ALLOWED; }
放弃请求体,因为这个模块用不上。
rc = ngx_http_discard_request_body(r); if (rc != NGX_OK) { return rc; }
如果请求是 HEAD 类型的,则直接设置响应头的 content_type、status 字段,并发送响应头。
ngx_str_set(&r->headers_out.content_type, "text/plain"); if (r->method == NGX_HTTP_HEAD) { r->headers_out.status = NGX_HTTP_OK; rc = ngx_http_send_header(r); if (rc == NGX_ERROR || rc > NGX_OK || r->header_only) { return rc; } }
创建一个缓冲区,向缓冲区写入我们上面在浏览器中看到的东西。
size = sizeof("Active connections: \n") + NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN + sizeof("server accepts handled requests\n") - 1 + 6 + 3 * NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN + sizeof("Reading: Writing: Waiting: \n") + 3 * NGX_ATOMIC_T_LEN; b = ngx_create_temp_buf(r->pool, size); if (b == NULL) { return NGX_HTTP_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR; } out.buf = b; out.next = NULL; ap = *ngx_stat_accepted; hn = *ngx_stat_handled; ac = *ngx_stat_active; rq = *ngx_stat_requests; rd = *ngx_stat_reading; wr = *ngx_stat_writing; // 封装了 sprintf b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, "Active connections: %uA \n", ac); // 封装了 memcpy b->last = ngx_cpymem(b->last, "server accepts handled requests\n", sizeof("server accepts handled requests\n") - 1); b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, " %uA %uA %uA \n", ap, hn, rq); b->last = ngx_sprintf(b->last, "Reading: %uA Writing: %uA Waiting: %uA \n", rd, wr, ac - (rd + wr));
缓冲区写完了。然后设置下响应头的 status、content_length_n(还记得吗?b->last - b->pos 刚好是缓冲区的第二个区域,是已写入数据部分。)
r->headers_out.status = NGX_HTTP_OK; r->headers_out.content_length_n = b->last - b->pos; b->last_buf = 1;
发送响应头。
rc = ngx_http_send_header(r); if (rc == NGX_ERROR || rc > NGX_OK || r->header_only) { return rc; }
filter。
return ngx_http_output_filter(r, &out);}
5 Reference
- http://wiki.nginx.org/HttpStubStatusModule
- http://blog.csdn.net/lengzijian/article/details/7356064
- http://www.codinglabs.org/html/intro-of-nginx-module-development.html
6 本节留下的问题:
- ngx_conf_set_str_slot:你可以先去了解下,或者等待在后面的博文中看到 :)
解剖Nginx·模块开发篇(5)解读内置非默认模块 ngx_http_stub_status_module